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七年级语法复习,动词be(is,am,are)的用法,我(I)用am, 你(you)用are,is跟着他(he),她(she),它(it)。 单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。 Eg:Your house is very big. Your houses are all very big. 变否定,更容易,be后not加上去。 Eg: 变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃。 Eg:Is your house very big? 还有一条须注意,句首大写莫忘记。,this,that和it用法,(1)this和that是指示代词,it是人称代词。 (2)距离说话人近的人或物用this, 距离说话人远的人或物用that。如: Eg:This is a flower. 这是一朵花。(近处) That is a tree. 那是一棵树。(远处) (3)放在一起的两样东西,先说this, 后说that。 如: This is a pen. That is a pencil. 这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。 (4)向别人介绍某人时说This is, 不说That is。如: This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom. 这是海伦,海伦,这是汤姆。 (5)This is 不能缩写, 而That is可以缩写。如: This is a bike. Thats a car. 这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。,(6)打电话时,介绍自己用this, 询问对方用that。如: Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂,是格林小姐吗? Yes, this is. Whos that? 是的,我是,你是谁? 注意:虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”,但英语中打电话时绝不可以说:I am, Are you?/Who are you? (7)在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时, 要用it代替this或that。如: Is this a notebook? 这是笔记本吗? Yes, it is. 是的,它是。 Whats that? 那是什么? Its a kite. 是只风筝。,3these和those用法,(1)this, that, these和those是指示代词,these是this的复数形式,指时间,距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。 This is my bed. That is Lilys bed. 这是我的床。那是莉莉的 床。 These pictures are good. 那些画很好。 Are those apple trees? 那些是苹果树吗? (2)在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时,通常用they代替these或those以避免重复。如: Are these/those your apples? 这些(那些)是你的苹果吗? Yes, they are. 是的,他们是。,4名词s所有格,(1)单数名词后直接加 “ s ”: 如:Jims coat 吉姆的外套 Jeffs mother杰夫的妈妈 (2)以s结尾的复数名词,只加“ ” 如:Teachers Day教师节 the twins books双胞胎的书 (3) 不以s结尾的不规则的名词复数,加“ s ” 如:Childrens Day 儿童节 mens shoes男式鞋 (4)表示两者共同拥有时,只在最后一个名词后加s 如:Lucy and Lilys mother 露茜和莉莉的妈妈(共同的妈妈,一个妈妈) (5)表示两者各自拥有时,要在每个名词后加s 如:Lucys and Kates rooms 露茜和凯特的房间(各自的房间,两间房子),5There be句型,(1)There be句型主要用以表达“某处(某时)有某人(某物)。其基本结构为“There be某物(某人)某地(某时)”其中there是引导词,没有词义;主语是be后面的名词, be是谓语动词,在一般现在时中be只用is和are两种形式。下面这首歌诀可帮你巧记there be句型结构: There be放句首,主语跟在后。地、时放句末,强调置前头。如: There is a book on the desk. 有时为了强调地点,也可把介词短语放在句首。如: On the desk there is a book.,(2)There be句型中的be动词如何确定呢?请先看看下面这首歌诀: Be动词,有三个,am,is还有are。“There be”真特别,不留am只留俩,那就是is还有are。要用is还是are,须看其后的名词是单数还是复数。若是单数或不可数名词用is,否则就用are。如: There is a tree behind the house. There is some water(水)in the bottle(瓶子). There are some pears in the box.,(3)注意:如果“be”后的主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的名词,那么be的形式要遵循“远亲不如近邻”的原则。也就是说,“be”的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的。若那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用is,是复数就用are。如: There is a book and some pens on the floor. There are some pens and a book on the floor.,6like一词的用法,like用作及物动词,译为“喜欢”。 (1)后接名词或代词,表示喜欢某人或某物。如: I like the baby very much. 我非常喜欢这个小孩。 (2)后接动名词(v. -ing),表示“喜欢做某事”,着重于习惯、爱好。如: Tom likes playing football. 汤姆喜欢踢足球。 (3)后接动词不定式(to do ),表示“偶尔地喜欢做某事”,着重于某次具体的行为。如: I like reading, but I like to watch TV this evening. 我喜欢读书,但我今晚想看电视。,7句子单数变复数,注意以下五要素,(1)主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词,即Iwe, youyou,she,he,it they。 如:She is a girl. They are girls. (2)am,is要变为are。如: Im a student. We are students. (3)不定冠词a,an要去掉。如: He is a boy. They are boys. (4)普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如: It is an apple. They are apples. (5)指示代词this,that要变为these,those。如: This is a box. These are boxes.,8英语日期的表示法,英语中月份和星期名称都是专有名词,它们的首字母必须大写,并且前面无需用冠词。如:On Monday 用英语表示日期,其顺序为月+日+年,日和年之间需用逗号隔开。如:August 2nd,2003(2003年8月2日)。 也可以用日+月+年来表示。如:10th May,2003(2003年5月10日) 英语日期前介词的使用:若指在哪一年或哪一月,则用介词in,若具体到某一天,则需用介词on。,9.时间的表达法,(1) 直读式,即直接读出时间数字 7: 05 seven five 8:16 eight sixteen (2) 过、差式,即几点差几分,几点过几分。(以30分为分界线) 1:25 twenty - five past one 2:30 half past two 3:43 seventeen to four 4:38 twenty-two to five (3)12小时制 6:00 a.m. 上午6点 8:20 p.m. 下午8点20分 (4)24小时制 13:00 13点钟 22:15 22点15分 (5)15分可用quarter 4:15 a quarter past four 5:45 a quarter to six (6)时间前通常用at. at 5 oclock at 7:30 p.m.,10. want用法,(1)想干什么用want to do sth They want to join the sports club. 他们想加入运动俱乐部。 (2)第三人称单数作主语,want要作变化 He wants to play basketball. Li Xia wants to play the piano. (3)变疑问句,否定句要借助助动词do或does. Do you want to play soccer ball ? Yes , I do . / No , I dont. Does he want to go home by bus ? Yes , he does . / No , he doesnt,11否定句,含有否定词not或 no的句子。 改否定句的方法:先加后借 在句中找到Be动词(am, is, are)或情态动词(can,may,could,would,will),在它后面加not;找不到以上词时,借dont或doesnt,放在动词前。 注意:句子是三单主语时,借doesnt;不是三单主语时,借do. 并且:doesnt一出现,三单式要滚蛋。 练习 1.She is an American girl 2.I have a good friend 3.She lives in london 4.We go to school by bike,12英文一般疑问句及肯定和否定回答,一般疑问句是以be动词、情态动词和Do/Does开头的,用Yes或No回答的疑问句。 、以be动词开头的一般疑问句及答句 Am I ? Yes,you are./No,you arent. Are you ? Yes,I am./No,Im not. Is he/she/it? Yes,he/she/it is. No,he/she/it isnt. Are we/you/they ? Yes,we/we/they are. No,we/we/they arent. 、以情态动词开头的一般疑问句及答句 Can ? Yes,can. No,cant(cannot). 、以Do/Does开头的一般疑问句及答句 Do you +行为动词 ?Yes,I do/No, I dont. Do we/you/they+行为动词 ?Yes,we/they do. No, we/they dont. Does he/she/it+行为动词 ?Yes, he/she/it does. No, he/she/it doesnt.,注意事项: 1、肯定和否定回答中必须用人称代词主格,即只能用I,we,you,he,she,it,they等,不能出现其它词,特别注意不能用this,that,these,those等指示代词。 2、肯定和否定回答要保持三个单词,因此当am,is,are出现在句尾时,一定不能缩写。如:不能用Yes,Im; Yes,hes;Yes,theyre. 3、am not 不能缩写,如:No,Im not不能用No.I amnt. 4、肯定和否定回答不能出现前后矛盾。如:不能说 Yes,he isnt; No,I do; Yes,she doesnt.,改一般疑问句的方法:先找后借 在句中找到Be动词(am, is, are)或情态动词(can,may,could,would,will),把它提到句首;找不到以上词时,借Do或Does,放在句首。 注意:句子是三单主语时,借Does;不是三单主语时,借Do.并且:Does一出现,三单式要滚蛋。 练习: He likes his family members. Does he like his family members? We are singing and dancing. Are you singing and dancing? Mary can ride a bike. Can Mary ride a bike? There is some water in the cup. Is there some water in the cup?,13特殊疑问句,以疑问词开头的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有:what who whose where how why等。回答特殊疑问句时,不能用yes/no,要问什么答什么。 特殊疑问句的结构:疑问词一般疑问句? 对划线部分提问就是把句子改为特殊疑问句。方法如下: 把划线部分替换成相应的疑问词,放在句首; 把没划线部分改为一般疑问句,放在疑问词后。 提示:划线部分在句首时,只需第步,没划线的词照抄。如: Maria goes shopping with Miss Wang. -Who goes shopping with Miss Wang?,1、目前所学的动词的形式有4 种:,动词原形;如:do;have;like 动词的三单式(常在动词原形后加s);如:get-gets 动词不定式(to+动词原形);如:meet-to meet 动词ing式(动词原形后加ing)如:look-looking,2、表示征求意见或建议邀请的礼貌用语,Would you like +to+动词原形? (你想要吗?) How about+动词ing ?(怎么样?好不好?) What about +动词ing? (怎么样?好不好?) Why not +动词原形? (为什么不呢?) Why dont you +动词原形 ?(你为什么不呢?) Lets +动词原形.(让我们吧。) 表示同意、答应:Yes,Id like to./Oh,Id love to. All right/OK.Great!Sure. Good idea!Thanks.Ill be glad to Thanks.That would be very nice.Id like that. 表示不同意、拒绝: No,thanks.Sorry,I cant. Id like to.But Im afraid I cant/I have no time.,3、目前学过的情态动词有can, may,could,would和will等五个,学好情态动词必须把握三个用法: 后必须跟动词原形 ; 没有三单式(其后不能加s); 可以把情态动词提到句首构成疑问句; 可以在情态动词后面加上not构成否定句。,4、目前学过的后跟动词不定式(to+动词原形)的有:,would like to+动词原形(想要做某事); want to+动词原形(想要做某事); forget to+动词原形(忘记要做某事); like to +动词原形(喜欢做某事); love to +动词原形(喜欢做某事) ask sb. to +动词原形.(请/叫某人做某事) tell sb. to +动词原形.(告诉/叫某人做某事) would like sb. to +动词原形.(想叫某人做某事) want sb. to +动词原形.(想叫某人做某事) have to +动词原形(必须/不得不做某事) Nice/Glad/happy to +动词原形(很高兴做某事) 如:Nice to meet you. Im glad to be here. Its time to +动词原形(是做某事的时候了) Its very kind/nice of you to help me.,英语的一些重要原则,英文句子中至少有一个动词,用来作谓语。如: 我很高兴-误:I very happy.正:I am very happy. 她最喜欢熊猫.-误:She favorite pandas.(favorite不是动词) 正:She likes pandas best/Her favorite is pandas. 同一个句子中不能同时用be动词和行为动词。 误:I am at six get up. 正:I am get up at six. 误:Are you want to go for a picnic?(Are改为Do) 句子中的单数名词前要带冠词,或用复数名词来表示类别。 误:orange is orange. 正:An orange is orange/ Oranges are orange. 误:He is doctor.(他是医生) 正:He is a doctor.,限定词的唯一原则 限定词是指(1)冠词(定冠词,不定冠词)、(2)形容词性物主代词、(3)指示代词、(4)名词所有格、(5)量词(some, any, no,many , much等),这五类词只能用一个修饰同一个名词。 如:我的一本书- 误:my a book 正:my book 吉姆的这个风筝-误:Jims this/the kite正:Jims kite your the bike the some animals that a bus 形容词放在名词前的顺序 数量+大小形状+新旧+颜色+地方出处+名词。 my small yellow desk 我的小黄桌 an old brown English house 一座旧的棕色的英式房子 英文句子结构顺序 主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+小时间+大时间+小地点+大地点。 Kangkang finds Baby monkey at eleven this morning in the zoo in Beijing. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 +小时间+大时间 + 小地点 + 大地点,一般现在时,1. 构成:主语+动词+其他 2. 标志词:always, usually, often, sometimes, never, 等频率副词。 3. 否定句: 1)当动词是 be, can, may, must, should等在其后加not Eg. I cant play football. 2)当是实义动词时加助动词dont/doesnt后跟动词原形 Eg. I dont like football. She doesnt like football. 4. 疑问句:1)当动词是 be, can, may, must, should等将其提前 Eg. Can you swim? 2)当是实义动词时将助动词do/does 放在前面,后跟主语和动词原形。 Eg. Does she like football 5. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句,现在进行时,1. 构成:主语+be+doing+其他 2. 动词动词-ing变化规律: 1)一般情况下直接加-ing, eg. Working 2)以不发音e结尾的去e加-ing, eg. Taking 3)以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写末尾辅音字母加-ing, eg. Stopping 4)特殊变化, lielying 3. 标志词:look, listen, now, at the moment, its oclock 4. 否定句:be动词后加not Eg. She is not listening to music. 5. 疑问句:将be动词提前 Eg . Is she listening to music? 6. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句,三一般将来时,1. 构成:主语+be going to/will+动词原形 2. 标志词:tomorrow, next day/month/year 等表示将来的时间 3. 否定句:be动词后加not;will后加not Eg. He is not going to have a piano lesson this weekend. He will not have a piano lesson this weekend. 4. 疑问句:将be动词提前;将will提前 Eg. Is he going to have a piano lesson this weekend? Will he going to have a piano lesson this weekend? 5. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句,四一般过去时,1. 构成:主语+动词过去时+其他 2. 标志:yesterday, just now, ago, this morning, when I was young,last等 3. 动词动词过去式变化规律: 1)一般动词结尾加-ed, eg. Walk-walked 2)以字母e结尾的动词加- d, eg. Live-lived 3)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i加-ed, eg. Hurryhurried 4)以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写末尾辅音字母加-ed, eg. Stop stopped 4. 否定句:1)动词be过去式后直接加not Eg. I was not in Chengdu last year. 2) 当是实义动词时,加助动词didnt后跟动词原形 Eg. I didnt telephone my parents yesterday. 5. 疑问句:1) 动词be过去式提前 Eg. Were you in Chengdu last year? 2) 当是实义动词时将助动词did 放在前面,后跟主语和动词原形 Eg. Did you telephone my parents yesterday? 6. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句,用正确的动词形式填空。,1.The children are _ (run) there now. 2.-I _ up at half past six this morning. (get ) My father always _(come) back from work very late. 3.My mother _ a lot of fruit yesterday afternoon . (buy) 4.Listen! Who_ (sing) in the music room? Oh. Mary _(sing) there. 5.They _ a meeting yesterday. ( not have) 6.- _ you _ ( have) any color pens? -Sorry, I dont have any. 7.She likes eggs, but she _ (not like) bread. 8.My mother _ (tell) me a story every night. 9.- How much meat _ you _ (want) ? - A kilo, please. 10.Someone _ (be) in the next room.,running,got,comes,bought,is singing,is singing,didnt have,Do,have,doesnt like,tells,do,want,is,11.There _ (be) a pen and two erasers in the pencil- box. 12.You must _ (get) here at two this afternoon. 13.The twins _ thirteen two years ago. (be) 14.The teacher is busy. He only _ (sleep) five hours a day. 15.Look! The bus _ (come). 16.She _ (go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17.What _ he _ (like)? 18.He _ (teach) English in a middle school. 19.She always _ (do) your homework well. 20.-What _ she _ (do)? -She _ (clean) her room now.,is,get,were,sleeps,is coming,goes,does,like,teaches,does,is,doing,is cleaning,形容词,(1) 在句子中做定语,一般放在名词之前。但是当形容词修饰something, somebody, anything, anybody, nothing, nobody时,要放于其后。 Eg. I have an interesting book. There is nothing serious. (2) 作表语,放在系动词之后。 Eg. This kind of dress is expensive. (3) 以a-开头的形容词,一般在句子中只能作表语。 Eg. Keep quiet! My baby is asleep in the room. (4) 作宾语补足语,放在宾语之后。 Eg. The good news makes us very happy.,副词,副词在句子中主要做状语,可以修饰动词、形容词、副词。修饰动词时,一般放在行为动词之后;修饰形容词时,一般放在形容词之前;表示时间、地点的副词一般放在句末或句首;频度副词一般放在行为动词之前。 Eg. I cant hear you clearly.,3. 比较级用法,(1) 可以单独使用 eg. I hope to do better in English. (2) 和than一起用 eg. Zhang Jun is stronger than Lin Tao (3) 其他几种用法 a. 两者比较,哪一个更怎么样? Who/Which + be+比较级, A or B? Eg. Who did better, Lucy or Lily? b. 用比较级形式表达最高级意义 比较级+than any other+n.+比较级范围(in/of) =比较级+than any of the others+ in/of =比较级+than the other+n.+in/of(在同一范围内比较) 比较级+than any + n.+ in/of(在两个不同范围内比较 ) Eg. Kate is more careful than any other girl in our class Shanghai is bigger than any city in Shangdong Province. c. 越来越怎么样?“比较级+and+比较级” Eg. Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.,d. 有范围的两者之间的比较用 “the+形容词比较级+of the two” Eg. My mother is the busier of the two e. 用来修饰比较级的副词有:much/ far/ lots/ a lot; a litter; even;still等 4. 最高级用法 用来对三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较,形容词的最高级前必须加定冠词the,副词前的the可以省略。 a. 最高级+范围 Eg. Changjian is the longest river in China. b. 主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数+比较级范围(of/in短语),表示“最的之一”。 Eg. Yang Liwei is one of the most famous heroes in China. c. 主语+be+the+序数词+形容词最高级+单数名词+比较范围,表示“是的第几”。 Eg. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 注:有些比较级与最高级之间的句子可以转换。,一 写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式: 1. few_ _ 2little_ _ 3.bad/ badly _ 4.far_ _ 5.good/well _ 6. many/much _ _ 二、写出下列形容词的副词形式: 1. heavy_ 2. happy _ 3. nice_ 4. careful_ 5. easy_ 6. angry_ 7. slow _ 8. quick_ 9 . good_ 10. hard_ 11. bad_ 12.healthy_,fewer fewest,less least,worse worst,深的 further furthest 远的 farther farthest,better best,more most,heavily,happily,nicely,carefully,easily,angrily,slowly,quickly,well,hard,badly,healthily,三、用所给词的恰当形式填空。 1.Which is _ _ _ _ (big) ,the sun, the moon or the earth? 2.Which is _ _ _ (beautiful),the black coat or the blue one? 3.This mooncake is _ _ _ _ (cheap) of all. 4.He is _ _ _ _ (strong) in the class. 5.Maths is _ _ _ _ _ ( difficult) of the two subjects. 6. My sister is two years _ (old ) than I. 7. Marys parents have four daughters, and she is the _ (young) child. 8. Dick can sing _ (well), and she sings _(well) than John, but Mary sings _(well) in her class. 9. She will be much _ (happy) in her mew house. 10. His handwriting is _ than yours. (bad),the biggest,more beautiful,the cheapest,the strongest,more difficult,older,youngest,well,better,best,happier,worse,四、选择正确的答案 。,1.Which does Jimmy like _, Chinese , English or art? A. well B. best C. better D. much 2. The Changjiang River is one
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