高考英语单选陷阱题讲与练.ppt

高考英语单选陷阱题,同学们在平时做题的过程中常常有这样的现象：有些题目看起来很眼熟，于是按照以往的经验轻而易举就得出 “正确答案”，却不料这是命题者设下的一个“陷阱”，导致失分。这样的题，就是我们常说的“陷阱题 ”。它常出现在高考英语单选题中，常常利用大家熟悉的句型结构或者一些固定搭配来达到干扰答题者答题的目的。,单选陷阱题的类型,定向思维干扰 母语思维干扰 标点符号干扰 插入信息干扰 语境情境干扰 变换句式干扰,定向思维干扰,定向思维干扰 母语思维干扰 标点符号干扰 插入信息干扰 语境情境干扰 变换句式干扰,例如：,1Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his _ one. (2007全国II 10) A. better-known B. well-known C. best-known D. most-known 分析：误选B。我们平常时候所做的许多类似的单选题，答案常是well-known，所以好多同学一看题干，就选了B。但在这道题中，题干前半句已经规定了空缺处词语的范围“最佳的”。所以，要选C。,2. A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. (2006江苏34) A. is B. are C. was D. were,分析：误选B。许多同学看到and后，马上想到主语不是一个人，谓语动词用复数，所以选了B。但实际上“a poet and artist”共用一个冠词修饰，表示一个人，这个人既是诗人又是艺术家。主语是一个人，谓语当然要用单数，再结合句子时态，选A。,【跳出陷阱】做题时，一定要仔细观察题目，切忌凭定向思维去做题；遇到似曾相识的题目，更要多留一个心眼，多读几遍题干。切忌光看答案就选。,母语思维干扰,由于我们的母语是中文，大家潜意识里会用中文的思维去思考英语中的问题，把中国人的生活方式强加给外国人，而这一错误却不是很容易能检查出来的，所以近两年，这一类型的陷阱题深得命题人的喜欢。2007高考英语陕西卷的 第12题以及2006年江西卷的第22题，在设题上就采用了这种干扰法。,例如：,1He and his wife are of the same _, they both want their son to go to college. (2007陕西12) A. soul B. spirit C. heart D. mind,分析： 误选C。我们在中文中常说：某人和某人是同心的。但在英语中，此“同心”非 “心脏相同” ，而是“思想、想法相同”，所以用mind，选D。.,2Im dead tired. I cant walk any farther, Jenny. _, Tommy. You can do it! (06江西22) A. No problem B. No hurry C. Come on D. Thats OK,分析：误选B、D。这是我们中文里的习惯说法：“我太累了，走不动了。”“没关系/别急，你能行的。”于是就选了B或D。但实际上，英语中一般是不会这么讲的。根据西方文化习惯，听到“我走不动了”这句话的人一般会鼓励对方继续走下去。而从题干的第二句的后半部分也能看出答话人是在鼓励第一句话的发出者。所以，要选C。Come on的意思是“加油！”,Tips:,【跳出陷阱】平时复习时，多了解一些中英文化差异。尽量避免用汉语思维去解题。此外，还要记住一些单词在中西文化中的含义有所不同，不可通用。,标点符号干扰,标点符号很不起眼，但在某些时候却会直接影响你的答题，而我们都不大重视这一环节，所以十分容易出错。以前高考英语单选中曾利用问号做过陷阱，现在的高考英语也有一些题目与标点符号有关。,例如：,Mary， _ here everybody else， stay where you are.（2006全国卷I 35） A. come B. comes C. to come D. coming,分析：一个破折号，使一个很简单的句子变得看似有些复杂。许多同学看到题后都在想，这个句子是什么类型的复合句，忽略了题干实际上就是破折号连接的两个祈使句要求Mary做come here这个动作；要求everybody else做stay where you are的动作。所以，这道题选A。,【跳出陷阱】复习时，对标点符号进行简单的复习，至少要了解英语标点符号的大致用法，并要注意中英文标点符号的一些区别。,插入信息干扰,一个简单的句子里面，插入一些其他信息，从而使得学生在分析句子结构时受到一定的干扰，这就叫“插入信息干扰”。一般来说，这类干扰信息多表现为插入语、定语和从句等。,例如：,Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class _ he had to meet his uncle at the airport. (2006重庆卷33) A. why B. that C. where D. because 分析：乍一看，感觉这个题目是一个很复杂的从句，不容易理解题干的意思。但实际上，题干中插入了“for being absent from the class”这样一个定语成分。把干扰信息去掉后，这个句子可简化为：Nobody believed his reason _ he had to meet his uncle. 马上就能发现“he had to meet his uncle”其实是“reason”的同位语从句，而现在这个同位语从句缺引导词。答案很容易选择，应该是B。,Tips:,【跳出陷阱】对于此类题目，先要识别插入信息。找到了，只要先把插入信息去掉，化简句子后，再按照一般的解题方法解题即可。,语境情境干扰,高考英语单项选择题由于命题思路的变化，单纯考查语法知识的题变得越来越少，而更侧重于结合语境考查。因而解题也要结合给出的语境来进行。大家做题时，一旦忽略语境就很容易误选。,例如：, The last one _ pays the meal. Agreed! (2007全国卷I 25) A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving,分析：这道题但从语法角度看C、D都可以选。但仔细看题干，我们会发现这组对话实际上是一些人在讨论没有发生的事情，说最后一个到的人付钱，并且其他人都表示同意，所以，这个“the last one”应该还没到，arrive的动作自然只能是将要发生，所以，选C。,Tips:,【跳出陷阱】认真读题，分析语境，在语境中考虑问题，选择答案。,变换句式干扰,现在的单项选择题中，经常会出现省略句，倒装句，强调句等情况，使得考生不易看清楚句子的结构、了解句意。,例如：, When do we need to pay the balance? _ September 30.(2006北京卷22) A. In B. By C. During D. Within,分析：对话的第二句是个省略句，单凭这句不容易看出句子结构，容易误选。所以答题时，要先补全句子。根据对话的第一句，补全后的回答应为“we need to pay the balance_ September 30”。显然，四个选项中，只有B是正确的。选B。,This is your work. In _ case are you to leave your post. A. any B. this C. which D. no,分析：注意in no case后用了倒装语序are you to leave your post。按英语习惯，具有否定意义的词置于句首时，句子用倒装句式。答案选D。,Tips:,【跳出陷阱】补全答语的成分，然后再去解题，是这一类型题目解题的关键之所在。,（1） The murder happened in an old building, beside _ the city police station. A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are （2） Next month well move to a new building, next to _ a nice restaurant where we can have Chinese food. A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are,Example,2. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What,【陷阱】容易误选 A，认为此处应填一个形式主语。,【分析】答案是 B。比较下面一题： _ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.（08 福建） A. It B. As C. That D. What,典型陷阱题分析2,3. David is such a good boy _ all the teachers like. A. that B. who C. as D. whom,【陷阱】此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such， 便认为这是考查such that 句式。,【分析】答案为C，不是A，因为在such that （如此以至）结构中，that 引导的是结果状语从句， 并且 that 在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入 that ，动词like 缺宾语。所以用as 作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词boy，同时 as 在定语从句中用作动词 like 的宾语.,典型陷阱题分析3,(1) David is such a good boy _ all the teachers like him. A. that B. who C. as D. whom (2) It was not such a good dinner _ she had promised us. A. like B. that C. which D. as,Example,4. He had thousands of students, many of _gained great success in their own field. A. whom B. them C. which D. who,【陷阱】容易误选 B，用 them 代指 students.,【分析】最佳答案是A，many of whom gained great success in their own field 为非限制性定语从句。假若在many of 的前面加上连词and，则选答案B.,典型陷阱题分析4,（1） He brought with her three friends, none of _ I had ever met before.(09全国) A. them B. who C. whom D. these （2） He brought with her three friends, and none of _ I had ever met before. A. them B. who C. whom D. these,比较下面两题：,5. He had a lot of friends, only a few of _ invited to his wedding. A. whom B. them C. which D. who,【陷阱】容易误选 A，认为这是非限制性定语从句。,【分析】最佳答案是 B，这不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 invited 并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然，假若在 invited 前加上助动词 were，则是一个非限制性定语从句，答案便应选A,典型陷阱题分析5,（1） They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _ carried out in their work. A. which B. them C. what D. that （2） They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _ were carried out in their work. A. which B. them C. what D. that,Example,6. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents seated together joking. A. their B. whose C. which D. that,【陷阱】容易误选B，认为这是非限制性定语从句。,【分析】最佳答案是A. their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 seated 不是谓语，而是一个过去分词，因为 seat 作动词用时，是及物动词。,典型陷阱题分析6,（1） On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ p