AUSTRALIAWORKANDFAMILYLIFE_高中英语PPT课件下载.ppt

australian work and family life,by 詹志鹏 左亚,content,australian work and family life in the penal colony. australian work and family life in a free migration and free market economy. australian work and family life in today.,australia as a penal colony,family life in the convict colony,arrive together arrive separately and reunited newly formed “ticket-of-leave” “currency children”,work life in the penal colony,work as servants and laborersno wages. these people who have some special skills could earn money in there spare time. landowners built their wealth by enforcing these laborers. busy in running their own family business,australia work and family life,in a free migration and free market economy in today,from convict transportation to “free” migration,by the early 1820s there was pressure from “free” settlers, in nsw (new south wales), to replace convict transportation with “free migration” and to establish a “free market” economy.,pastoralists and merchant class,was opposed by,maintain it as a source of cheap labor,who wanted to,background,brief introduction,suspended in nsw in 1840. the agitation(暴乱) against transportation paralleled civil agitation for representative government in 1842. by the mid 1830s, the free migrants outnumbered the convict population of australia.,p278,during the period of the gold strikes in australia in the 1850s so many people made their own way to australia that the population nearly doubled without the help of government-assisted migration.,in the expanding “free market” society( mid 19th -20th ),reconstructed around,so,means,in some situations, this system didnt work well at first because too many migrants wanted to become self-employed workers rather than the employees. this meant that migrants had to be channeled into selling their labor in the labor market. thus, the “free market” system became less free and more controlled by the government.,wakefield scheme,south australia,eg,the wakefield scheme,make grants of land to investors at a “sufficient price”. the price would be set high enough to finance an ongoing migration program. laborers of both sexes would be brought out to the colony. balance: relatively wealthy to invest, prevent immediately being landowners.,to develop the colony,p279,serfdom act,family,government preferred model of family,the wife and mother would be economically dependent on he husband.,-articulated表达的很清楚 in catherine helen spences recommendations to the nsw government,two dangers if wm had equal pay: delay getting married and delay producing children (next generation of laborers) men may be lazy, depend on wife and quit the “free market”,political economy grew more areas of employment and education developed,family life changes,laws to exclude women from labor market. even they could, the pay will be less than the men.,women and women-headed families were always at risk of having to live below the poverty line,one change,another changes,from the late 19th century women began to control the numbers of children they had. family became smaller. by the mid twentieth century classic nuclear family -a family with only 2 or 3 children, with the husband as major bread winner and the wife being responsible for all domestic labor.,mobile,changes in today,people get married and have children much later. often, the parents of families remained unmarried.,appeared 3 kinds of families,more “blended (mix) families” as people separate and remarry, bringing their 2 sets of children into their new partnerships. single parent families same sex families are not unusual,so,much greater freedom about what kind of families. much greater equality between men and women. greater equality between gay and straight families.,however,these new freedoms operate in a work economy that has not yet fully adapted to meet their needs.,work life changes,the “nine to five” or “nine to seven” work day puts strains on families with child whose school day ends at 4pm.,how to balance their work and family life,first,the total numbers of hours that parents spend on paid and unpaid work is increasing,20% of lesbians and up to 10% of gay men are parents.,second,not only the “work/family balance” problems, but also a range of other issues in work and community,third,as health care improves, enabling disabled and aging family members live longer,the unpaid work of caring for family increases,also a problem,actually, complete gender equality has still not been achieved. break in their careers-women,summary,it is no longer taken for granted that family and work life are separate issues.,谓语（predicate) 1、谓语的语法意义：说明主语所做的动作和所处的状态。,2、谓语的构成 a.简单谓语一般由一个动词或者动词短语构成。 the ship sank to the bottom of the sea.,b.复合谓语，有三种情况： 1)由情态动词或者其他助动词加动词原形构成； youd better not disturb him. they have to finish the task before september.,2)由系动词加表语构成： we are middle school students. the fish tastes very good. the leaves have turned green.,3)由动词have,take, get, give等加上某些动作名词如swim, look, try等构成： i have a swim every morning in summer. he took a walk through the small town.,表语（predicative） 1、表语的语法意义：表语位于系动词后面，说明主语的身份， 特征和状态,be.look,feel,sound,taste,smell,seem,appear,become, turn,get,grow,fall,go,come,run,remain,stay,make, keep.,常见的系动词,she will make a good wife. he has fallen ill. she went pale at the news.,表语的表现形式,thats all i want to tell you. its me.,he is an astronaut. she became chairman of the conference.,my mother isnt in. class is over.,six minus two is four ill be eighteen this summer.,名词,数词,代词,副词,the song is really beautiful and sweet. his speech is inspiring. the teacher is pleased with our work.,her job is to type all the documents in our office. it seems to be good.,complimenting is lying. (恭维就是说谎） my dream is working for ibm.,i dont know when the watch was out of order. the film is of no interest.,形容词（及非谓语动词转换的形容词）,不定式（短语）,v-ing (短语）,介词短语,表语从句 1、表语从句的语法意义：在复合句中做主句的表语。,2、表语从句的表现形式,从属连词引导,the truth is that he has never been to the countryside. the question is whether we have enough money .,连接代词引导,the school is not what it used to be what i want to know is who will be the winner.,连接副词引导,that is where the great play writer once lived. what interested me most was how he won the final.,注： 1、as if/as though引导表语从句. she looks as if she were very tired. i