writing议论文写作技巧.doc

高一作文讲义2010-6-3一议论文的写作步骤:1. 引言(introduction)由于英语作文受时间.字数的限制因此，审清题意之后在引言段中作者就必须简单解释要讨论的问题，并明白地亮出自己的观点，如提倡什么，支持什么，反对什么 2. 主体段（main body）主体段是议论的过程，作者必须有足够的证据（adequate proofs）来论证自己的观点一般可提出一个或两个proofs, 并对此用一两句话分别进行阐述 3. 结论（conclusion） 结论段可以用一两句话来结束文章同时要注意与引言段呼应，但不能照搬前面的原话 二议论文的写作要点：1 观点鲜明一个明确的中心论点2 层次分明一个中心论点通常有几个分论点支持，不同层次之间要分明，过渡清晰自然3最后一段总结，得出结论4时态：一般用一般现在时5. 语言简洁有力，一般不采用口语三议论文的类型： “一分为二”的观点从两方面去分析一个问题,然后阐述自己的观点. “两者选一”的观点分析两种事物的优劣势,阐述自己的观点.“我认为”型阐述对某一事物的客观看法.“怎样（how to）”型分析怎样解决一个问题. 看图（表）作文通过阅读图表中的数字与项目得出一个结论或形成一种看法四作文中常用的关联词： 表示时间关系：first, second, then, finally/at lastin the end , soon immediately, suddenly, at the same time, meanwhile, recently表示对称顺序关系：for one thing. for the other thing, on one hand,.on the other hand，above all, first of all, firstly, secondly, next, finally，the former.the latter, 表示递进关系：what is more, as well, moreover, besides ,furthermore, in addition，whats worse表示换一种方式表达：in other words ,that is to say,表示举例说明：for example, like, such as, for instance 表示陈述事实：in fact ,actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth表示总结on the whole, in a word, to sum up, in short, in conclusion, from what I have said above表示因果关系：as a result ,thus, therefore, so that, as, because, consequently,表示转折：but, however, while, instead, although, different from, not only .but also表达自己的观点：in my opinion, personally, as far as I know, I believe, I think, as we all know ,It is known to us all that.五范文分析范例1：假如你事实李华，你班同学最近开长了一场讨论，主题是：高三学生要不要参加体育锻炼，请根据下面所提供的信息，写一篇短文，介绍讨论的情况，并发表自己的观点比例你的观点观点支持反对主要理由应该明天进行体育锻炼做早操，打乒乓球，打篮球，但时间不要过锻炼能增强质减少疾病锻炼能使大脑休息，使学习效果更好锻炼浪费时间锻炼使人疲劳锻炼以后很兴奋，较长时间不能学习锻炼中可能受伤作文结构：1.have had a discussion about whether students of Senior 3 should take physical exercises. As we know, every coin has two coins./Different students have different ideas .2.55%of the students think.such as(举例).（原因）.3.On the other hand,45% of the students believe.(原因）.4.In my opinion, I prefer to范文： Recently , we have had a discussion about whether have had a discussion about whether students of Senior 3 should take physical exercises. As we know, every coin has two coins. 55%of the students think they should take all kinds of exercises every day ,such as doing morning exercises, playing table tennis and playing basketball, but not spend too much time on them . As a proverb says ,” all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. Exercise builds up their body and reduce lots of diseases. Sports let them have a good rest so that their study will be more effective. On the other hand,45% of the students believe taking exercise is a waste of time and tiring. After taking exercise, they are too excited for a long time to pay attention to their lessons. And its possible to be hurt in sports.In my opinion, I prefer to take proper exercises in my spare time.美文欣赏1. Directions: (研究生考试)A. Write an essay discussing the two opposite opinions given below, give both some reasons, and make your comments or suggestions.There are two main opinions concerning the development of private cars in China: One maintains that their free development should be encouraged, while the other argues that it must be restricted.B. Time limit: 40 minutesC. Word limit: about 200 wordsShould the development of private cars be encouraged or restricted in China? To judge this issue, we should look at three aspects: What are the advantages of private cars; what are their disadvantages; and is China ready for the free development of private cars?First of all, the private car is a symbol of freedom. It enables an individual or family to travel anywhere and at any time, without relying on public transport. It is convenient for shopping and transporting children to and from school. Moreover, in the case of illness, it can carry its owner or other sick person to hospital without delay.However, too many private cars can lead to traffic jams, thus slowing down life and work rather than speeding it up. In addition, automobiles are major polluters of the atmosphere. And last but not least, the more cars there are on the roads, the more traffic accidents occur.It seems to me that China, at its present stage of development, should restrict the number of private cars. For one thing, it would be a waste of resources to build a huge automobile industry at a time when only a few people can afford to buy cars. For another, the country must first bring pollution under control before adding to the problem with more cars.2001年英语高考作文题请你谈谈轿车大量进入家庭后，对家庭、环境和经济可能产生的影响。Nowadays the number of people who own private cars is on the rise. Like everything else, private cars have both favourable and unfavorable aspects. Generally, the favourable aspects can be listed as follows.First, private cars can bring convenience and mobility to owners. A car allows a person to move comfortably, safely as well as quickly and freely. When my family owns a car, we can make extensive travels every year. So I believe the tourist industry in China will develop more quickly. Second, if more people buy cars, automobile industry will develop dramatically. Whats more, the growth of automobile industry can trigger the boom of other important industry such as iron and steel production, energy and technological application.Every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. To begin with, too many cars will give rise to a series of problems, such as serious environmental pollution and more traffic accidents. In addition, the driver may have to drive around and around looking for a parking space.Through above analysis, we may conclude that private cars should be restricted rather than encouraged.文章结构：引入议题；轿车进入家庭后对家庭、经济产生的正面影响；对环境等产生的负面影响；结论。语言亮点：词语on the rise正在不断上升 whats more而且 give rise to引起trigger the boom of other important industry激发其他工业的繁荣佳句1） Private cars can bring convenience and mobility to owners.2） The negative aspects are also apparent.3）Through above analysis, we may conclude that private cars should be restricted rather than encouraged.1999年英语高考作文题1 一些学生认为学英语很重要。 2. 一些学生则认为不必学英语。3. 我认为（观点，理由）Peoples views on learning English vary from person to person. Some think in todays world we need to make frequent contacts with different people in different parts of the world, so it is absolutely necessary to learn English. Others consider English useless. They feel learning English is nothing but a burden. But I regard English as one of the most important subjects. Of all the subjects I like English best.There are several reasons why I like English best.Firstly, English is one of the most widely used languages of the world. Nearly all information on the Internet and over half of the worlds technical materials are in English. Therefore, a good command of English will greatly benefit me in my work.Secondly, as the world becomes more and more globalized, we need to learn modern technology in order to catch up with developed countries. A solid foundation of English means chances and opportunities. In the competition for a well-paid job, the one who can speak fluent English has an advantage over those who cannot.For all these reasons we should not only learn English but master it in the shortest time possible.文章结构：提出议题；分析理由；得出结论。语言亮点：词语1. make frequent contacts with常与接触 2. nothing but只是3. a good command of善于运用4. have an advantage over与相比有优势佳句1) A good command of English will greatly benefit me in my work.2) In the competition for a well-paid job, the one who can speak fluent English has an advantage over those who cannot.3) For all these reasons we should not only learn English but master it in the shortest time possible.假如你是李华，在最近的研究性学习当中，受21世纪中学生英语报 （The 21st Century）之邀，你对你所在的班60名同学（男女各半）进行了上网目的的调查。现将调查结果（如下表所示）用英语给报社的编辑写一封信，报道此事，以引起舆论的关注，并提出你的观点和建议。题材：书信； 说明+议论 时态：一般现在时 人称：第三人称要点提示：（）上网的目的；（）读新闻；（）发送邮件；（）聊天；（）学习；（）