《儿童社会性发展与教育》中英文课件ppt chapter 4 儿童的需要怎样影响他们的行为

Chapter 4 How childrens needs can affect behaviour,Q1: Could you describe childrens needs and behaviour in the videos? Q2: What else?,DVD,Introduction,What childrens needs are How needs can affect behaviour How needs and development are linked,Maslows hierarchy of needs,Hierarchy 层级、阶层,Fresh air,Rest and sleep,Shelter and security,Food,Water,Exercise,Being free from infection and disease,Basic Physiological needs,These basic needs must be met to ensure survival, Physiological ( Basic) Needs, Safety needs,Freedom from fear is very important for everyone It is good practice to talk to children about their fears. Children need reassurance that their personal safety will not be threatened.,need behaviour,Children who are stressed or anxious may show changes in their behaviour Older children: become disruptive /aggressive or clingy Younger children:need a comforter or thumb-sucking Clear physical signs, Belongingness and love needs,Children need love and they need to know they are loved (love need) Make a child feel accepted in a situation (belongingness need), Self-esteem needs,Self-esteem,Worth and significance,Control,Competence,There are three essential elements of self-esteem,Esteem needs ( Maslow ),Internal needs : self-respect / autonomy and achievement External needs : status recognition and attention,need behaviour,satisfy,appropriate and constructive,lack,disruptive or inappropriate,Some of the social problems have their origin in esteem needs not being met., Self-actualisation needs,meet ones potential self-expression creativity,need behaviour,meet,creative / positive/ energetice curious and open to new ideas,not meet,restless / bored / lack a zest for life,How do people reduce their stress and anxiety ?,Theory in practice 1 :,Freud :,repression rationalising projection displacement sublimation,five main defence,Whatever it is that we want will be repressed or pushed back into the unconscious to reduce the anxiety. For example,.,Repression :,This is what we do when we do or think something that makes us feel a level of guiltwe might want to rationalise it to ourselves. For example,Rationalising :,If we cannot admit that we have certain feelings or patterns of behaviour,we might suppose that someone else has those feelings or behaviour patterns. For example,Projection :,We displace or transfer our own anxiety by blaming someone else for what we have done. For example,Displacement :,Tthis is possibly a more successful defence mechanism whereby we focus our energies on something else which is more worthwhile. For example,Sublimation :,As a preschool teacher,we have to make our effort to meet childrens needs. To be a good caregiver,we should be sensitive and responsive to our children.,Theory in practice 2 :,What can we do ?,Pay attention Talk for the baby Emotions Respond to the individual,Ways to become more sensitive and responsive,more sensitive and responsive,Think it over,What could you do to help children to overcome their fears?,Linking needs and development,Physical and sensory development Cognitive and language development Social and emotional development,Preview :,Hierarchy 层级 Repression 压抑 Rationalising 合理化 Projection 投射 Displacement 反向 Sublimation 升华,New words,Checkpoint :,In terms of emotional development,babies and young children are very dependent on their main carers.How does this link t