therebe与have用法之探究.doc

there be 与have 用法之探究1、 语义上在汉语的语言中，“有”这个词的含义就是存在，不论指主观上还是指客观上，没有时态变化。在英语语言中则不同：若表示客观存在“有”，用there be，而表示主观“拥有”，则用have(has)。主语是第三人称用has，其他人称用have。但have还有其他含义，在一日三餐前面表示“吃”的含义，作为使役动词表示“使、让”的含义，行为动词“拿，取得，得到”。 There is a book on the desk.There are 50 students in our class.I have a book.She has a brother.We have breakfast at 7 every morning.I had my hair cut off yesterday.Can I have a toy ?2、 时态及形式结构上的区别have(has)有两种形式：助动词和行为动词。have(has)是现在时，had 是它的过去时。I have a book变成一般疑问句。Have you a book?（助动词）/ Do you have a book?（行为动词）have的其它形式：have sb do sth 主语使、让宾语做某事。have sth done 主语使、让别人做某事。have sb/sth doing主语使、让某人或某东西一直处于某种状态。I had him borrow me a book .He has had his hair cut off.He has two men working on the farm all the year.There be 句型中必须有动词be，且时态变化体现在 be 动词上。可用于各种时态,there be作句子的谓语动词，后面的名词是它的主语，是一个倒装结构。be 动词单复数要与后面作主语的名词相一致。there be常用的几种时态：there is /are. there was /there were. there used to be.there have/has been. there had been. there will be/is going to beA)一般现在时There is a teacher and some students in the lab.There are some students and a teacher in the lab.实验室有个老师和一些同学。B)一般过去时There was a school in my village ten year ago.十年前我们村有一所学校。There used to be a tall tree in front of my home.C)现在完成时There have been 5 terrible accidents so far this year.迄今为止今年有五次可怕的事故了。D)一般将来时There is going to be a book fair next week.下星期有一个图书展销会。There will be a meeting this afternoon.今天下午有一个会议。E)过去完成时There had been a river before liberation.解放前有一条河。3、 There be 用法结构上的特殊变化A)There be可与情态动词must,may,should 等连用Hurry up! There must be many people there.快点！那里肯定有不少人。There cant be any fish in the pond.这个池塘里不可能有鱼。There should be no problem.那该没问题吧！B)在There be 句型中可插入seem to, happen to, appear to, used to等There happened to be no money with me when I went out to go shopping yesterday.昨天，我出去购物碰巧没带钱。There used to be a river in my hometown.过去我的家乡有一条河。There seems to be no hope for me to beat him.(win the game)看来我没有击败他的希望。C)There be 句型中可以用stand, lie, go, come, live代替be动词表示存在概念Once, there lived an emperor who liked new clothes.从前，有一个皇帝喜欢新衣服Listen, there goes the bell, announcing the end of class.听，铃响了，下课了。D)There be句型的反意疑问There is no water in the glass, is there?杯子里没水了，是吗？There have 5 terrible accidents so far this year, havent there?今年到现在为止有五次可怕的事故，对吗？4、 There be句型的非谓语动词形式A)There be的不定式复合结构It is impossible for there to be any more不可能再有更多的了。Would you like there to be a meeting to discuss it?你想开个会讨论这个问题吗？B)There be句型用动名词作主语There is no use calling him this hour.这个点（时候）给他打电话没用。C)There be句型的动名词形式作宾语I never dreamed of there being a gift for me.我做梦也没想到会有我的礼物。D)There be句型的独立主格There being nobody around, I had to depend on myself.周围没有人，我只好靠自己。C)There be句型的动名词形式作宾语I never dreamed of there being a gift for me.我做梦也没想到会有我的礼物。D)There be句型的独立主格There being nobody around, I had to depend on myself.周围没有人，我只好靠自己。5、 There be句型和have在英语书面表述中广泛运用如：2009年的书面表达：1）There are more than 300 shops. 2)Subway Line 2 has a shop there too.3)There are trolley cars to take you not only to the shops, but also to theaters and teahouses where you can experience a truly Chinese way of life.4）But I have some difficulties with note-taking and I have no idea of how to use the library.(2011年）5)It has 20 single rooms and 15 double rooms,all with hot showers.(2007)6)We also have a swimming pool,which is open all day and free of charge.(2007)7)If there is anything I can do four you,I would be more than glad to help.(2004).8)In the bedroom there is a bed,a sofa,a desk and a chai