非谓语动词分解讲解.doc

非谓语动词考点排行榜I.单项选择中：热考点：No.1 现在分词作状语；过去分词作状语；不定式作状语No.2 过去分词作后置定语；不定式作后置定语;现在分词作后置定语No.3 过去分词作宾补；现在分词作宾补；不定式作主语补足语No.4 动名词作宾语；不定式作宾语(it作形式宾语)No.5 过去分词作表语；不定式作表语No.6 不定式作主语；动名词作主语（it作形式宾语） No.7 分词，不定式的独立主格结构No.8 分词，不定式的独立结构（有些已形成固定用语） 冷考点：动名词作定语及表语；现在分词作表语II短文改错中热考点：No.1 分词作定语，状语，宾语补足语No.2 动名词作宾语及主语的考查No.3 不定式作宾语，宾补及省去to 的不定式的考查No.4 分词作表语非谓语动词分步讲解1、 非谓语动词的概念 动词的基本用法是作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。 非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do 2、动词的ing : doing 3、动词的过去分词：done2、 三种形式的含义（基本用法） 不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的ing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成。三、非谓语动词的时态和语态 一般式 完成式 进行式不定式 主动 to do to have done to be doing 被动 to be done to have been done ing形式 主动 doing having done 被动 being done having been done 过去分词 被动 done 四、非谓语动词的否定形式 在非谓语动词前加not, never. 即 not / never to do, not / never doing 五、非谓语动词的复合结构 不定式的复合结构：for / of sb. to do sth. 动词 ing 形式的复合结构：宾格或所有格+doing (-ing 形式作主语时，用的所有格doing)六、非谓语动词的做题步骤 1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了。 2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。 3、判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。 4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing。一、不定式的句法功能a. 作主语不定式不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，即用句型：It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth. Its important for us to learn English well.Its kind of you to help us.b. 不定式作宾语只能接不定式的动词： a.（想要）want, would like, would prefer,ask, demand, intend, desire, b. (希望) wish, hope, expect, c.（决定）agree, decide, manage, promise, choose, continue, plan, prepare, make up ones mind, try ones best, offer, apply, d.happen, learn, fail, pretend, refuse, afford口诀1：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装 主动答应选计划， 同意请求帮一帮注意：1.介词but （除了）后接不定式： 如：have no choice but to do sth.没有别的选择只好做 但当but 前有形为动词do 时，but 后的不定式省to. 如： Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong. A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit A 2. 接不定式和接动名词意义不同的动词： remember to do 记得去做，remember doing 记得做过 forget to do 忘记去做， forget doing 忘记做过了, regret to do 遗憾去做，regret doing 后悔做过, try to do 设法去做，try doing 试着做, go on to do 接着做另一件事，go on doing 继续做同一件事,mean to do 打算做，mean doing 意味着做, stop to do 停下来去做，stop doing 停止做,cant help (to) do 不能帮助做，cant help doing 忍不住做。 如：In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour.A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting 3.表示未实现的愿望的动词,即表示本打算、想做，但事实上没做这些动词 plan, intend, mean, want, hope, wish, expect , 用 had planned to do sth. / planned to have done 来表示。Would like / love 只用would like to have done 如：I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish thereport. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gonec. 不定式作表语在seem / appear (似乎，好像)， prove/ turn out (被证明是)， remain (仍然是，尚待)等连系动词后，可用不定式作表语。如：He seemed (to be ) very happy.Having a trip abroad is good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. (to be seen)d. 不定式作定语 常用句型：have / there be 常修饰抽象名词如：ability,chance, excuse, promise, reply, way ,time等 常限定被序数词，最高级等修饰的中心词。e. 不定式作状语作目的状语：to do; in order to; so as to (不用于句首)作结果状语：only to do 来表示未曾预料到或令人不快的情况； enough .to do ；such .as to do作原因状语: 常放在表示情绪反应的形容词后（glad, surprised, sorry, disappointed）f. 疑问词+不定式 结构此结构在句中作主语和宾语如：A reporter must know how to ask the right questions and how to get people to talk about the topic.g. 不定式作宾语补足语类似动词有：invite, tell, want, encourage, advise, order, requir, force, beg, cause, allow, permit, forbid（禁止）, warn（警告）, remind, teach, call on (号召)，depend on (指望)，would like / love (想要)，prefer, wish, expect, (hope 不带复合宾语)注意：省去to 的不定式作宾补 吾看三室两厅一感觉=五看三使两听一感觉See,find,watch, notice, observe; make, let, have; listen to ,hear;feelEg:1) Though he had often made his little sister _, today he was made _ by his little sister A. cry, to cry B. crying, crying C. cry, cry D. to cry, cry2) They knew her very well. They had seen her _ up from childhood. A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow Ah. 不定式作主语补足语 句型 It is said / reported / thought / known that. 可变成：sb / sth be said / reported to have done sth. 如：Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying A二. 动名词的句法功能a. 动名词作主语Its no good / use doing sth.(it作形式主语) Its useless/fun/ a waste of time doing sth.（同上） 动词ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。如：_ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walkb. 动名词作宾语1.只能接动名词的动词： suggest, advise(建议), finish, mind(介意)，enjoy (喜欢)，appreciate (鉴赏，感激)，forbid禁止），avoid (避免)，cant help doing (忍不住)，risk (冒险)，feel like (想要)，delay, put off （推迟），give up (放弃)，be busy (忙于)，be worth (值得)，be/get used to (习惯于)， devote. to , get down to, look forward to, practise (反复练习)，2. 要接动名词的几个搭配和句型 prevent / stop / keep sb. / sth from doing (阻止做) spend / waste time / money in doing sth. 在花费或浪费时间或钱 have some difficulty / trouble / problems in doing 在做有困难have a hard / good time in doing 做 很艰难或做很愉快There is no sense / point in doinghow about / what about doing如：Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ some school for poor children. A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up 注意：need, want, require 意为“需要”，主语是物时，用句型： need, want, require + doing（用动词ing 主动形式表被动意义） to be doneC 动名词作定语和表语(略)三. 分词的句法功能a. 分词作定语单个的分词作定语，放在被修饰的名词前，而分词短语常放在后面。如：They made efforts to bring stolen cultural relics back to China. I want to write about people addicted to drugs.比较：a sleeping boy (= a boy who is sleeping); falling leaves (leaves that are falling); fallen leaves (leaves that have fallen down)a developing country (发展中国家)；a developed country (发达国家)比较：to be done, being done, done 作定语的区别这三个都表示被动，就是时间不同。To be done 表将来，being done表同时进行，done表完成。注意：having been done 也表完成被动，但不用作定语。b. 分词作表语一些表示情感、情绪的动词，常用分词形式作表语。常用动词：surprise (使某人吃惊)， surprising (令人吃惊)， surprised (主语)感到吃惊）类似动词有：excite (激动)，astonish (惊奇)，shock (震惊)，scare (惊恐)，disappoint (失望)，move（感动），frighten(惊吓)等如：The movie is exciting. We are excited at the news. C. 分词作状语 现在分词、过去分词可作时间、条件、让步、方式、原因、结果状语，就不作目的状语。注：表示时间、条件或让步的分词，有时可带上连词（if, unless, when, while, once（一旦） though, although）1）_ time, hell make a first-class tennis player. A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given Dd.分词作宾语补足语吾看三室两厅一感觉=五看三使两听一感觉See,find,watch,notice,observe;have,keep,leave ;listen to ,hear;feelhave 句型：have sb do sth, have sb/ sth doing, have sb /sth done make sb do sth, make oneself understood / heard / known , 即用了过去分词作作宾补 find sb/sth do/doing / done）, keep sb/sth doing/done, catch sb/sth doing (撞见某人在做)，smell sb +doing (察觉到某人在做)eg: He didnt keep on asking me the time any longer as he had had his watch _. A. to repair B. repaired C. repairing D. repair B He looked around an