高考英语词汇手册[A-B].doc

个人收集整理 欢迎使用 第 1 页 共 49 页 abandon vt. go away from( a person or thing or place) not intending to return; desert 放弃，抛弃 词组 abandon ones home 离弃家园 abandon ones wife 遗弃妻子 an abandoned baby 被抛弃的孩子 The child was found abandoned on the street. abandon oneself to 沉溺于 abandon ones research for lack of fund 由于缺乏资金放弃研究 ability n. capacity or power to do sth physical or mental 能力 词组 to the best of ones ability 尽自己最大努力尽自己最大努力 have the ability to do sth； have the ability in doing something; 例句 I believe your ability to bring out the best in others.我相信你有充分发挥别人 潜力的能力 ableadj. having knowledge or skill; capable 有能力的， 能干的 反义词： unable 词组someone be able to do sth. someone be capable of (doing)sth. 有能力做某事 BUT： something enable someone to do something The money donated by people all over the world enables us to rebuild the quake-striken areas. 辨析able capable 两个都指“有才能的”， able 所指的意义，高过 capable 一级; 如 an able man 能应付各种事情的人（指非常的） ，而 a capable man 能应 付自如的人（指寻常的） ；capable 也可以用于贬义，表示此人什么事都干得出 来。 aboard adv. prep. on or into a ship, an aircraft, a train or a bus 在船（或飞机，车） 上；上船，登机, 在船（或飞机，车）上 词组go aboard 上船（飞机） welcome aboard 请上船（飞机） abroad live/ travel abroad / come from abroad / at home and abroad / from home and abroad aboutprep. on the subject of (sb/sth); concerning or regarding 关于；around 在 周围；在各处；大约 adv. (indicating position, state, etc) here and there in (a place) 各处， 周围 词组be about to do sth.刚要；正准备刚要；正准备: 例句 He was about to leave when it began to rain. How about doing something? What about doing something? 关关 于于怎么样？怎么样？ How about going to watch a football game? 去看足球赛怎么样？ 个人收集整理 欢迎使用 第 2 页 共 49 页 辨析 be to do be going to do be about to do be to do 表示计划或安排要做的事 be going to do 表示打算要做但还没有安排好何时做的事；客观情况下即将发 生的动作。 be about to do 表示某时突然想要做某事表示某时突然想要做某事,不与时间状语相连用；或表示过去刚不与时间状语相连用；或表示过去刚 要做某事时这时另一件事发生了要做某事时这时另一件事发生了,这时常与这时常与 when 从句连用从句连用 例句 We are going to visit our former English teacher this winter holiday.这个寒假 我们打算去看看我们以前的英语老师。 The dark clouds are gathering. Its going to rain.乌云在聚集，天要下雨了。 We are to visit our English teacher on Feb 5th. 二月五日我们去看看我们的英 语老师。 I was about to leave home when the doorbell rang. 我刚要出门，这时门铃 响了。 aboveprep. higher than something 在上面；高于；超过反义词：below adv. 在上面 词组above all 最重要的是最重要的是 above average超过平均水平超过平均水平 As is mentioned above 如上所述如上所述 as is indicated above 如上所如上所 示示 high above the sky; absent adj. not present 缺席,心不在焉反义词 present v. fml to keep oneself away （正式）缺席，不在 词组be absent from缺席缺席 be present at 出席出席 absent-minded 心不在焉的 absent expression茫然的表情 in the absence of = in ones absence有谁不在场有谁不在场 in the presence of = in ones presence 有谁在场有谁在场 展开 absencen. 反义词 presence absolute adj. complete, total 十足的，道地的；绝对的，完全的 词组 an absolute idiot 十足的傻瓜 absolute power 绝对的权利 absolute confidence / silence / trust / proof; The laws of physics were absolute. 展开 absolutely adv. 完全地；极其 be absolutely wrong /impossible absorb vt. take sth in; include sth/sb as part of itself 吸收；接受；把并入；吸引 （注意力，精力等） 词组 heat / oxygen/ water / gas / liquid; be absorbed in something / doing something 全神贯注于全神贯注于 = be lost in ; lose oneself in ; concentrate ones attention / mind on; focus ones mind / attention 个人收集整理 欢迎使用 第 3 页 共 49 页 on A be absorbed intoB 把把并入并入 meaning: A becomes a part of B. abstract adj. existing in thought or as an idea but not having a phycial or practical existence 抽象的 反义词：反义词：concrete an abstract noun/painting/painter抽象名词 / 抽象画 / 抽象画画家 n. 摘要，梗概 an of a lecture 词组in the abstract 抽象地说，一般地说 consider the problem in the abstract accept v. take (sth offered) willingly 接受，认可 辨析receive 表示“客观收到” accept 表示“主观接受”，其反义词为 refuse I received his invitation yesterday but I did not accept it.昨天我受到了他的 邀请，但是没有接受。 admit 表示“接纳”， “吸收”某人加入某一组织，团体等 Soon he was admitted to British citizenship. 不久之后他便被接受为英国公民。 词组 accept sth (as sth) : take sth. as ; believe sth. accept ones ides / advice; the accepted laws; ones proposal is acceptable. 例句 We do not accept your explanation / what you have said. Mary finally accepted Bruce as her long-companion. It is an accepted fact, ie sth that everyone thinks is true. 展开 acceptable adj.可以接受的 Is the proposal acceptable to you? ones proposal is acceptable. access n. means of approaching or entering( a place) 通道； opportunity or right to use sth or approach sth 接近；接近的机会；享用权 词组 a man of easy access 容易接近的人容易接近的人 ; someone is accessiable / approachable; have / gain access to something / some place;可以到达（进入）可以到达（进入） ；能够使；能够使 用（接近）用（接近） 例句 The only access to that building is along the muddy track 进入那幢大楼 的唯一通道就是这条泥泞的轨道。 Only a few people have access to the full facts of the case. 只有几个人可 以获取这个案例的全部事实。 展开accessibleadj. 容易接近，得到或使用 ant: inaccessible be accessible to sb. / be inaccessible to sb. The Forbidden City was inaccesibale to ordinary people in the old days. The mountain village was inaccessible to buses and cars. 个人收集整理 欢迎使用 第 4 页 共 49 页 accidentn. event that happens unexpectedly and causes damages, injury, etc.意外事件，事故 词组a traffic accident交通事故 by accident偶然（同）偶然（同）by chance; accidentally (反)on purpose 例句 He owes his success to a mere accident 他的成功出于偶然 展开 accidental adj.偶然的 accidentally adv. 意外地 accompanyvt. to go with, as on a journey 陪伴，陪同； to happen or exist at the same time 伴随，和一起发生； to make supporting music for 为伴奏（或伴唱） accompany sb./sth. / accompany sb. on the piano / a song 例句 I was accompanied to the airport by my wife. 妻子陪我到机场。 Suffering accompanied war.灾难总是伴随着战争一起。 He sang a folk song, accompanied by his wife on the piano.他唱了一首民 歌，他妻子钢琴伴奏 展开 company n. 陪伴 keep sb. company 陪伴陪伴; keep company with someone; accomplish v. to succeed in doing; finish successfully; perform 实行，完成 词组accomplish ones purpose达到目的 accomplish nothing 一事无 成 accomplish wonders / goals / 创造奇迹 an accomplished young lady 多才多艺的少女多才多艺的少女 A lazy man will never accomplish anything. 展开 accomplishedadj. 熟练的，已完成的，有教养的 an accomplished fact 既成事实 / an accomplished dancer /cook be accomplisheded at something = be good at something 辨析 accomplish ; complete; finish; achieve ; fulfil accomplish 指通过努力完成（某一任务，使命） ，取得（成就） ，达到（目的）等 complete 较 accomplish 更具体，指把建筑，工程，书籍等完成 finish 指完成日常琐事，接动名词作“结束”讲，而 complete 则不能如此。另外， finish 指消极性的“完成” 辨析：I have finished the book. 我已读完这本书了。 I have completed the book. 我已写完这本书了。 fulfil 完成(计划，任务)，达到(目的)，强调对预期的或保证过的事情圆满完成，达 到预想的目的和要求。 I had fulfilled many of my youthful ambitions. 我已实现了我年轻时的许多抱负。 achieve 指排除困难，完成伟大功业，取得成就。 achieve ones ambition 个人收集整理 欢迎使用 第 5 页 共 49 页 展开 accomplishment n according adv. 按照；根据 词组 according to 根据; according to plan; according to the report; according to what he said at the meeting; 展开 accordingly adv.相应地 accountn. a written or spoken report; description 记述，描述，报告 n. a record or statement of money received and paid out, as by a bank or business, esp. for a particular period or at a particular date 账，帐户 n. 解释，说明 vi. account for 1)说明的原因，是的原因 His illness accounts for his absence. 2)在数量，比例方面）占: something accounts for 50%. 词组give an account of 叙述；报告 pay ones account 付帐 keep accounts 记账 on account of由于；因为由于；因为; on no account 决不决不 (如果在句首，要用倒装句型如果在句首，要用倒装句型)。 takeinto account = take account of = take into consideration 考虑考虑 Please take into account my experience that was gained during the gap year in the UK. on this / that account: for this / that reason / on sbs account : for sbs sake of no account不重要的 on account 以赊帐方式 展开 accountant n. 会计人员 accuse v. to charge(someone)with doing wrong or breaking the law; blame 指责 词组accuse sb. of sth.= charge sb.with sth. 控告某人控告某人 someone be accused of cheating in the exam. the accused被告 the accuser 原告 BUT: blame somoee for doing something; someone be to blame for: 某人应该受到指责；（注意不用被动语态）某人应该受到指责；（注意不用被动语态） blame something on someone; 展开 accusation n. 指责，控告 accustomed adj. being in the habit of; used to 习惯于；regular, usual 通常的，惯 常的 词组 表示“习惯于” be (get, become, grow) accustomed to something / doing something; be (get, become, grow) used to（变得）习惯于（变得）习惯于 adapt oneself to sth. adjust oneself to sth. 个人收集整理 欢迎使用 第 6 页 共 49 页 accustom oneself to sth. 例句 This is her accustomed hour to get up. 这是她惯常的起床时间 achen. a continuous pain 疼痛 vi. to have or suffer a continuous dull pain 疼痛，酸痛 My head is aching /aches. BUT: My stomach pains me. I am aching all over. 合成词toothache 牙疼 headache 头疼 stomachache 胃疼 辨析achepain hurt ache 指一种辨析持久的疼痛，或因小病或失调引起的感觉 I have an ache in my stomach/chest.我胃疼。 He is aching all over.他浑身痛。 pain 指人体感到不舒服，是一般用语，可指身体或精神方面的痛 I have a sharp pain in the neck. 我的颈部痛得很。 hurt 指身体或精神的伤害，指“疼痛”时，为不及物动词 What you have said hurt her. 你说的伤到她了。 My fingers still hurt now. 我的手指还在痛。 achieve vt. to finish successfully(esp. something, anything, nothing) 完成，实现， 达到 vi. 成功 词组achieve ones ambition 达成志向；达成抱负达成志向；达成抱负 achieve ones aim/ goal 达成目标达成目标 achieve nothing 一事无成一事无成; achieve success 成功成功; achieve a general increase in production 实现逐步增长 辨析（见 accomplish 词条） 展开 achievement n. 成就，成绩 : Albert Enistein is a simple man with great achievements. acquire vt. to get for oneself by ones own work, skill, action, etc.取得，获得； 学到 词组acquire a property 得到一笔财产 acquire a large vocabulary 学到大量词汇 acquire confidence获获 得信心得信心 辨析acquire ;get ; obtain ; gain acquire 指（经过一个过程或通过自己的努力才） “获得”， “习得” get 为一般用语，表示“得”， “取得”等，常用在口语中 obtain 比 get 文雅些，指凭着努力，要求等而“得到” Further information can be obtained from our head office.可以从我们总部 获得更多信息 gain “取得”“赚得（利益等） ”，含优势和成就等意味。 个人收集整理 欢迎使用 第 7 页 共 49 页 Nothing can be gained without an effort . 不劳则无获。 across prep. from one side to the other of 穿过， 横过， 在的对面 adv. 从 边到另一边；宽，横 词组come across = run across 碰到某人或遭遇某事碰到某人或遭遇某事 get across过；渡过 put across 哄骗（使相信或接受） get sth. across(to sb.) 使人理解,领会 The stream is 6 feet across.这条小溪六尺宽。 He was unable to get across to the group what he meant.他无法让人了解 他什么意思。 We must learn how to put our ideas across.我们必须学会讲清楚我们的观 点。 辨析acrossthrough across 指平面的穿过 through指空间的穿过 辨析across the river / street / desert / plain / bridge through the forest /crowd / tunnel / window / gate actvi. To take action 行动；做，做事；to represent ( a part) or perform by action 表演 vt. 扮演（角色） n. 行为，动作；法令；条例 词组act on / upon 1. 根据行事 2.对产生影响，对起作 用 act on the teachers instructions 遵照老师的指令遵照老师的指令 Acids act on metals. 酸对金属起作用。 in the act of正做的过程中 In the act of bending down, he slipped and hurt his back. catch sb. in the act of doing sth. I caught her (in the act of )stealing my bicycle. act as 充当充当 / an act of great daring 英勇的行为 an education act 教育法 例句 She acted wisely in this matter. 她在这事上做得很明智。 He wasnt acting like himself. 他的举止反常。 He acts very well in the play. 他在剧中演得很 He acted Romeo. 他 演罗密欧。 actionprocess of doing something n. 行动 词组take action / steps / measures to do sth. 采取行动采取行动 out of action不（再）起作用，不（再）运转 in action 起作用，运 转 go /come into action 开始战斗，开始行动开始战斗，开始行动 辨析actionact activity 个人收集整理 欢迎使用 第 8 页 共 49 页 act 指短暂，个别的，具体的“行为” action 偏重于抽象的，占时较长的“行为”， “行为过程”，更具有连续性。 activity 指活动 例句The thief was caught in the very act of stealing.小偷在行窃时被逮捕。 Firm action must be taken to prevent such an accident from happening again. 必须采取果断措施以防止此类事故再度发生。 展开 classroom activities 班级活动班级活动 action 也常指做事的方法或效果 action of a runner / a medicine 跑步者的动作（药的作用） actions 泛指人们的行为泛指人们的行为. Actions speak louder than words.（谚语）事实（谚语）事实 胜于雄辩胜于雄辩 注：我们可以有如下表达 a foolish/ kind/ brave act (or action)= an act( not action ) of foolishness / kindness/ bravery activeenergetic; quick; lively adj. 积极的，主动的 词组be active in = take an active part in积极参加 actively adv. 积 极地 adapt v.make sth suitable for a new use, situation etc. 使适应，使适合； . v. alter or modify( a text) for televison, the stage, etc. 修改，改编 词组adapt oneself to使自己适应，习惯（使自己适应，习惯（见 accustomed 词条） adapt to适应适应 adapt sth. (for sth.) 改编改编 These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes. The famous novel will be adapted for a film. add v. put something together with sth else so as to increase the size, number, amount etc. 加，添加；进一步说（或写） ，附带说明 词组add to 往。往。 。 。添加。添加。 。 。 add up加起来 add up to = amount to = total = come to合计达，总计合计达，总计 His debts added up to $100. (不能用被动语态不能用被动语态) add to 增加增加 add to ones confusion / difficulty增加困惑，增加困惑， 困难困难 例句 Three added to four makes seven.3 加 4 等于 7 Add all these figures and see what the total is.把这些数字加起来，看看是多 少。 addition n. adding, esp calculating the total of tow or more numbers 加；加 法 词组 in addition = besides另外，加之 in addition to = as well as = besides除除之外（还有）之外（还有） 个人收集整理 欢迎使用 第 9 页 共 49 页 展开 additional adj. 附加的，另外的 address n. details of where a person lives, works or can be found, and where letters , etc may be delivered 地址，住址； n. speech made to an audience 演说，讲话 vt. （在信封或包裹上）写姓名，地址；向作（正式）讲话；对发表演说； 称呼；处理 词组address oneself to向讲话，致力于 address sth. to sb. The card / letter was wrongly addressed to my old house. address the meeting / a conference; address someone as Dr. x x x; 辨析address ;speech ;lecture ;report;talk address 指较正式隆重场合上所作的“演说” speech 普通用语，指在公共场合所作的经过准备的或无准备的“发言” lecture 学术性的“演讲”“讲座” I went to a lecture he gave on literature. report 事件及局势的报道（报告）或下级给上级的报告 a political report talk 非正式的讲话，用与较随便的场合 I must have a long talk with him. adequate adj. sufficient 足够的，适当的；胜任的 反义词：inadequate 辨析adequatesufficientenough adequate 着重符合一个客观要求或标准，兼有“适当”之意 sufficient较偏重分量或数量的“足够”，多用语书面语 enough 常用语，也较偏重分量或数量的“足够” His wages are adequate to support the family.他的工资足够养家了。 adjustv. alter (sth) by a small amount so that it will fit or be right for use; regulate 调整；调节 词组adjust ones watch / the focus of the camera adjust oneself to 调整以适应调整以适应（见 accustomed 词条） adjust to 适应适应: adjust to the new environment; adjust tax and labour laws; 例句 The body quickly adjust ( itself ) to changes in temperature. 身体迅速自行调 节以适应气温的变化。 admire vt. regard sb with respect, pleasure, satisfaction etc. 赞赏，钦佩 词组 admire sb for sth / doing something: I admire him for his success in business. win the admiration of赢得赢得的赞赏的赞赏 be the admiration of成为 （是）.的欣赏对象 have/ display an admiration for 对非常佩服（欣赏） 展开 admirer n. 崇拜者 admirable adj. 可佩的 个人收集整理 欢迎使用 第 10 页 共 49 页 admirably adv. 可佩地，非常地 admiringly adv. 钦佩地，赞叹地 admiration n. 欣赏，赞赏 admit vt. allow sb/ sth to enter 允许进入，使进入；容纳；容许 recognize or acknowledge sth as true, confess sth. 承认 词组 admit sth. /doing sth./that clause admit to sth / doing sth: recognize sth. as true 承认； admit (having made )ones mistakes 承认犯了错误 admit sb. to / into sp. / an organization: 被准许进入被准许进入: He was admitted to the hospital. He is admitted to the golf club. be admitted into (to): 被录取: The boy was admiited into Yale University. 例句 Only important personages were admitted to the opening ceremony.只 有 VIP 才可参加开幕式 This matter admits of no delay.这件事不容拖延。 This ticket will admit three to the concert. 一张票可供三个人听音乐会。一张票可供三个人听音乐会。 George would never admit ( to ) being wrong. 乔治从不认错。 I admit my mistakes / that I was wrong. 我承认我错了。 展开 admission n. 准许进入，入场费，费用 Admission free / Admission by ticket only adopt v. adopt sb. adopt an orphan / an adopted child adopt sth. adopt a plan / an idea advancev. come or go forward 前进，向前移动； make progress 取得进展； increase (a price)（价格等）上涨； pay before it is due to be paid 预先发放，预先支付； bring (an event) to an earlier date 提前，使提前发生； make a present (a claim or suggestio, etc) 提出（建议等） n. 前进，前移；进展，改进；（价格等）增加；预付（款等） adj. 预先的，先行的 词组in advance 在前面；预先，事先在前面；预先，事先 Its impossible to know in advance what will happen. in advance of : Galileos ideas were well in advance of the age in which he lives. make advances / improvements / progress in sth. 展开 advanced adj. 先进的，高级的；年迈的，后阶段的 advanced workers / ideas /theory advantage n. conditon or circumstance that gives one superiotiy or success (esp when competing with others) 优势，好处反义词： 个人收集整理 欢迎使用 第 11 页 共 49 页 disadvantage 词组take advantage of利用（某人的处境，弱点等）利用（某人的处境，弱点等） ； 利用（机会等）利用（机会等）= make use of have (give sb.) an advantage over（使某人）在方面辨析有利；胜过（使某人）在方面辨析有利；胜过 have the advantage of 在某方面有优势 to sbs advantage 对（某人）对（某人） 有利有利 turn sth. to advantage使发挥作用，充分利用 例句 His British upbringing gives him certain advantages over other applicants. 他在英国成长受教育，这一背景使他比其他应征者略胜一筹。 He has the advantage of speaking four languages over others. 相比其他人，他有能说四门语言的优势。 The lawyers letter said she would hear something to her advantage. 律师的信上说她会听到对她有利的消息。 展开 advantageous adj. 有利的 adventure n. unusual, exciting or dangerous experience or undertaking 冒险（性） ；冒险活动；冒险经历；激动人心的活动（经历） ；奇遇 辨析adventure venture adventure 其词义指冒着危险从事某种活动，并从中感到新奇，异常愉快，甚至激动人心 的经历、奇遇。这个词用于具有危险的旅行、勘探等活动。 venture 其词义指商业方面有风险的计划,商业上的冒险、投机或投机事业，尤指不发大 财就输得精光的投机活动。有时也用于指冒险活动。 辨析his adventures in Africa他在非洲的冒险经历 He thought the venture far too risky and didnt want to become involved. 他认为这个计划风险性太大而不想参与。 展开 adventurous adj. 冒险 adventurer n. 冒险家 advertise /advertize: v. praise sth. publicly in order to encourage people to buy or use it. 公开赞扬（某事物）以鼓励别人购买或使用；登广告宣传 sth: 登广告宣传某物 a house / goods / services/ a used car in the newspapers They a used car/their goods for sale/rent. 等广告卖/出租用过的车子/货物 sth. on TV/ in the newspaper own the d products ask for sb./sth. by placing a notice in a newspaper, etc. 在报刊杂志上登征求某人或 某物的广告 for sth/sb. : （在报刊杂志上）为征求某人或某物登广告 for a job/ a secretary/ a house (in the newspaper/on TV) We should for someone to look after the garden. advertisement (ad) (advert): n. 个人收集整理 欢迎使用 第 12 页 共 49 页 the page / a well-designed / answer an (for ) in the newspaper an for sb./sth. / an for a new car on TV / put/place an in the newspaper/on TV If you want to sell your old house, why not put an in the local newspaper? advertising / advertizing : Un. 广告业，广告事务；广告宣传 an agency/firm advice n. opinion given about what to do or how to behave 建议，劝告 （不可 数） 词组a piece of advice / ask sb. for advice向某人要建议向某人要建议 follow/ take / act on ones advice 听从某人的建议听从某人的建议 give sb. some advice on sth. 给某人提建议给某人提建议 展开 advisev. 建议: advise doing something; advise sb. to do sth.= try to persuade sb. to do sth. = try to persuade sb. into doing sth. 建议某人做某事 advisable adj. 明智的，可取的，适当的 It is advisable for sb. to do sth.对某人来说是可取的对某人来说是可取的 It is advisabl