2013届中考英语语法专题复习.doc

Do my best!动词的语态（Voices）语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态被动语态的构成 被动语态的基本构成形式 主语+助动词be+过去分词被动语态的时态被动语态的时态通过助动词be的变化来体现。这个助动词必须与主语的人称和数相一致。现以do为例，将被动语态常用时态列表如下：一般时态进行时态完成时态现在amisare doneamisare being donehashave been done过去waswere donewaswere being donehad been done将来shallwill be doneshallwill have been done过去将来shouldwould be doneshouldwould have been done各种时态的被动语态一般现在时的被动语态 e.g. The lights are usually turned on at 6:30.一般过去时的被动语态 e.g. Our house was built in 1979.一般将来时的被动语态 e.g. This question will be answered by our headmaster.过去将来时的被动语态 e.g. I knew the room would be cleaned.现在进行时的被动语态 e.g. Your bicycle is being repaired now.过去进行时的被动语态 e.g. The man was being questioned by the police.现在完成时的被动语态 e.g. My car has been repaired.过去完成时的被动语态 e.g. I heard she had already been sent to hospital.带情态动词的被动语态 情态动词+be+过去分词e.g. This must be done as soon as possible.有些短语动词的被动语态有些短语动词，如“动词+介词”、“动词+副词”、“动词+名词+介词”，其作用相当于及物动词，也可以由被动语态。在被动语态结构中，介词或副词不可丢掉，且其位置不变。 e.g. My brothers child is taken care of by my mother.含有两个宾语的被动语态在多数情况下，把间接宾语变为主语，而把直接宾语保留下来。 e.g. She was told a long story.含有复合宾语的被动语态把宾语变为主语，宾语补足语变为主语补足语 e.g. The child was named Tom.主动语态变被动语态两种语态结构对比（箭头表示动作方向） 主动语态 e.g. He wrote the letter.被动语态 e.g. The letter was written by him.主动句变被动句的基本步骤 把主动句的宾语作为被动句的主语把主动句的谓语改为“be+该动词的过去分词”形式，做被动句的谓语，注意be要根据主语的人称、数和该句的时态要求保持一致主动句的主语改为by的宾语，有时可省略“by+主语”主动句变被动句的基本句式 主动句：主语+助动词（情态动词）+谓语+宾语 e.g. We will do that experiment next time. 被动句：主语（原宾语）+助动词（情态动词）+be+过去分词+by+原主语 e.g. That experiment will be done by us next time. 主动句：主语+短语动词+宾语 e.g. The nurse takes good care of us.被动句：主语（原宾语）+be+短语动词的过去分词形式+by+原主语 e.g. We are taken good care of by the nurse. 主动句：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 e.g. We gave him some magazines.被动句：主语(间接宾语)+be+过去分词+直接宾语主语(直接宾语)+be+过去分词+to(for)+间接宾语 e.g. He was given some magazines (by us). Some magazines were given to him (by us).【注】一般将主动句中表示人的间接宾语变为被动句的主语 主动句：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 e.g. They chose Tom captain.被动句：主语（原宾语）+谓语+原宾语补足语 e.g. Tom was chosen captain.【注】如主动句中宾语补足语是不带to的不定式，变成被动语态后要加toe.g. I saw him go to the church. He was seen to go to the church.被动语态的用法英语中，何时情况下才使用被动语态的举例不知道动作的执行者，只知道承受者的情况 e.g. Silk is produced in Suzhou.不必说出动作的执行者的情况 e.g. Such books are written for children.需要突出和强调动作的承受者的情况 e.g. She is liked by everyone.【注】不及物动词没有被动语态，如：happen，take，please，disappear等e.g. 这件事发生在1989年。 （Wrong） This was happened in 1989. （Right） This happened in 1989. 有些动词，如：have，feel，hold，become，rise，look，sound，seem等只能着眼于表示状态而不强调动作，一般不用于被动语态中。 e.g. 树变绿了。 （Wrong）The trees have been become green. （Right） The trees have become green.被动语态和“连系动词+表语（过去分词）”的区别被动语态中的过去分词是动词，表动作；系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词，表状态。前者可用by短语表示动作的执行者，后者则一般不用by短语。 比较： This book was written last year. The gla