八年级英语湘教版上册Unit1--4语言点归纳.doc

八年级英语（仁爱版）上册语言点归纳 Unit 1 Sports and GamesTopic 1 Are you going to play basketball ?一. 重点词语:1. almost(反义词)never 2.win(过去式)won(名词)winner 3.ski(现在分词)skiing 4.famous(比较级)more famous5.arrive(同义词)reach 6.leave(过去式)left 7.popular(最高级)most popular 8.healthy(同义词)fit(名词)health(一) 词组1. during the summer holidays 在暑假期间2. betweenand 在两者之间3. cheer sb. on 为某人加油4. prefer doing sth. 更喜欢做某事5. quite a bit/a lot 很多6. plan to do sth. 计划做某事7. have a skating club 举办滑雪俱乐部8. go skating/skiing/bicycling/climbing/hiking 去滑雪/滑冰/骑车/爬山/远足9. arrive in/at 到达10. play against 与对抗/较量11. for long 很久12. leave for 动身去13. the day after tomorrow 后天14. Chinas national team 中国国家队15. play baseball 打棒球16. at least 至少17. What a shame! 多羞愧！18. be good at 善于做某事19. take part in 参加20. all over the world 全世界21. be good for 对有益22. a good way 一种好方法23. keep fit/healthy 保持健康24. relax oneself 放松某人自己二. 重点句型1. Whats your favorite sport? = What sport do you like best? 你最喜爱的运动是什么?2. Which sport do you prefer? = Which sport do you like better? 你更喜欢什么运动?I prefer skating. = I like skating better. 我更喜欢滑雪.3. Do you skate much? = Do you often skate? 你常滑雪吗?4. She spends at least half an hour in the gym every day. 每天她至少花半小时在体育馆.5. She plays baseball pretty well and she is also good at jumping. 她棒球打得相当好而且擅长于跳.6. What kind of sports do you like? = Which sport do you like? 你喜欢哪种运动?7. Would you like to come and cheer us on ? 你愿意来为我们加油吗？8. What are you going to be when you grow up? 当你长大后做什么？9. There is going to be a school sports meet next month.下月有一场运动会。三. 重点语言点1. see sb. do sth “看见某人做了某事” 强调动作的全过程,常与every day; often等连用.see sb. doing sth. “看见某人正在做某事” 强调动作正在进行. 如: I saw you play basketball almost every day during the summer holidays. I often see him draw pictures near the river. 我常看见她在河边画画. I saw her go across the street. 我看见她过了马路 I saw her going across the street. 我看见她正在过马路. 类似的有watch,hear,feel 等这类感观动词.2. join sb. 表示 “加入某人的行列” “和某人在一起”join + 组织 表示 “加入某个组织”take part in 表示 “参加/出席某个活动”如: Will you join us? I will join the skiing club. She is planning to take part in the high jump.3. arrive in + 大地点arrive at + 小地点get to + 地点 = reach + 地点如: My uncle arrived in Beijing yesterday. I arrived at the Great Wall. = I got to the Great Wall. = I reached the Great Wall.注意: reach here/there/home = get here/there/home = arrive here/there/home4. leave 离开leave for 动身去/离开到如: They are leaving Beijing tomorrow. 明天他们要离开北京.They are leaving for Japan the day after tomorrow. 后天他们要前往日本.5. a few “几个;一些” 修饰可数名词a little “一点点” 修饰不数名词如: There are a few eggs in the basket. There is a little water in the bottle.6. how long 表示“多久(时间)”; 提问时间段.how often 表示 “多常; 多久一次”; 提问时间的频率.如: They will stay in Beijing for a week. How long will they stay in Beijing? He plays basketball twice a week. How often does he play basketball?7.be good at (doing) sth. = do well in (doing) sth. 擅长于(做)某事 如: She is good at (playing) baseball. = She does well in (playing) baseball.8.make sth/sb + adj. 使某物(某人)在某种状态 keep sth/sb + adj. 保持某物(某人)在某种状态 如: Playing soccer can make your body strong. Swimming can help to keep your heart and lungs healthy.四. 重点语法 一般将来时：（一）be going to 结构: 表示主语进行某一将来行动的打算、意图。这种打算常经过预先考虑并含有自己做好某些准备的意思，因此通常认为用be going to表达的行动很可能会见诸实践。 如：Im going to play basketball with my classmates this Sunday. 我打算本周日和同学们一起打篮球。 She is going to buy a sweater for her mother. 她打算为她妈妈买一件毛衣。表预测。指根据迹象推测，而且马上或很快就要发生。 如：Look at those clouds. Its going to rain. 瞧那些乌云！快要下雨了！（二） will + 动词原形：表示单纯的将来事实，常与表将来的时间状语如:tomorrow, soon, later, next time(week/month/year)等连用。will not = wont; 缩略形式为ll. 表示作出立即的决定。这种意图并未经过事先的考虑或计划，是临时的一种决定。如：a. -Please put your things away, Tom. 汤姆，把你的东西收拾好。-Im sorry. Ill do it right away. 对不起。我马上就去做。b. -Would you like coffee or tea? 您要咖啡还是茶？ -I will have a cup of tea,please. 我要一杯茶。c. Dont worry. Ill help you. 别担心。我会帮你的。 表示预测。指说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测。如： Im sure our team will win next time. 我确信下次我们队会赢。Maybe she will go to the gym. 也许她会去体育馆。 表示许诺。如： Ill do better next time. 下次我会做得更好的。 Ill visit you tomorrow. 明天我会去看你的。句式：肯定句：I/She/He/They will go to play baseball soon.否定句：I/She/He/They wont go to play baseball soon.一般疑问句：Will you/she/he/they go to play baseball soon?回答：Yes, I/she/he/they will. No, I/she /he/they wont.（三）动词plan, come, go, leave, fly等用现在进行时表示将要发生的事. 如： Im coming. 我就来。 He is leaving for Shanghai. 他将到上海去。 We are going to Beijing. 我们将去北京。Topic 2 Would you mind teaching me ?一、重点词语:（一） 词形转换：(1) adj. + ly adv.loud loudly soft softly quiet quietlyclear clearly angry angrily easy easily(2)过去式：fall fell break broke lose lost throw threw feel felt (3) 1.ill (同义词)sick (名词)illness 2.start(同义词)begin 3.far(反义词)near 4.smoke(现在分词)smoking 5.careless(反义词)careful 6.important(比较级) more important 7.Russia(公民)Russian 8.enjoy(现在分词)enjoying 9.invent(名词)invention; inventor 10.indoor(反义词)outdoor 11.century(复数)centuries 12.coach(复数)coaches 13.feel (名词)feeling 14.tiring(近义词)tired (二) 词组:1. have a soccer game 进行一场足球赛2. fall ill 病倒了3. be a little far from 离有点远 4. right away = at once 立刻;马上5. miss a good chance 错过一个好机会6. get/miss a goal 得到/失去一分7. shame on sb. 为某人感到羞耻8. do ones best 尽某人的力9. say sorry to sb. 对某人说抱歉10. be sure to do sth. 确定做某事11. be angry with 生某人的气12. with ones help = with the help of sb. 在某人的帮助下13. serve food 上菜14. turn up/down 调高/低（音量）15. keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事16. in a minute 一分钟后；马上17. on the phone 在电话中18. take a seat 就坐19. never mind 不要紧20. a lot of traveling 一系列旅行21. love/enjoy doing sth. 喜爱/欢做某事22. have a very exciting life 过着非常兴奋的生活23. as well 也24. throwinto 把投进25. follow/obey the rules 遵守规则26. over a century later 一个多世纪后27. more and more people 越来越多的人28. feel tired 感到疲劳29. instead of 替代 30. ask sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事31. make a plan for sb. 为某人订一份计划32. build up 增进;增强33. have fun doing sth. 乐于做.做某事 34. be important to 对于某人来说是重要35. in a minute/ at once/ right away 立刻/马上 二.重点句型1. Could you please do me a favor? = Could you help me? = Could you give me a hand?你能帮我吗？ 2. Would you mind teaching me? = Would you please teach me? 你教我好吗？3. Would you mind not smoking here ? 你不要在这里抽烟好吗？4. You are always so careless. 你总是这样粗心大意.5. Im very sorry for what I said. 我为所说感到到道歉。6. We are sure to win next time 下次，我们一定回赢。7. Let me buy you a new one. = Let me buy a new one for you.让我为你买一个新的。8. He invented an indoor game for his students so that they could play it even in bad weather. 他为他的学生们发明了一项室内运动以便他们甚至在恶劣的天气也能玩。9. And you can throw it with one hand or both hands.你能用一只手或两只手投掷它。10. I have great fun running and I feel well and look fit 我总是快乐地跑步和我感到很好，看上去很健康。三. 重点语言点1. ill 与 sick 都表示 “生病的”, 只能作表语而既可作表语也可作定语.如: The man is ill/sick. 那个男人病了. (作表语) He is a sick man. 他是个病人. (作定语)2. Would you mind (not) doing sth? 表示 “(不)做某事介意/好吗?”如: Would you mind coming and checking it? 来修理它好吗? Would you mind not smoking here? 不要在这儿吸烟好/介意吗? 3. one of + 名词复数 表示 “其中之一”, 主语是one,表单数.如: One of my teammates is strong and tall. 其中我的一个队友又高又壮。 One of my friends likes English 其中我的一个朋友喜欢英语。4. miss “错过,思念,遗失”如: I missed the last bus yesterday. 昨天我错过最后一班车. He missed his mother. 他想念他的母亲. My God! I missed(=lost) my key. 天啊! 我把钥匙弄丢了. 5. be sure to do sth. = be sure that + 句子 “确定做某事” 如: We are sure to win next time. = We are sure that we will win next time.我们确信下次一定会赢。6. be sorry for “为某事抱歉”be sorry to do sth. = be sorry (that) + 句子 “很抱歉做了某事”如: I am very sorry for what I said. 我为我所说的话感到抱歉. Im sorry I lost your book. = Im sorry to lose your book.很抱歉弄丢你的书。7tired adj. “（感到）疲惫的” , 主语是人 如: I feel tired today. 今天我感到累了.tiring adj. “令人疲劳的”, 主语是事物 如:This job is tiring. 这份工作令人疲惫.类似的有: excited 感到兴奋的 exciting 令人兴奋的 interested 感到有趣的 interesting 有趣的8.15-year-old “15岁的”15 years old “15岁” 如: He is a 15-year-old boy. = The boy is 15 years old.类似用法: 2.5-mile / 2.5 miles 9. instead “替代;相反”, 一般单独使用,放在句末,前面用逗号隔开.instead of“替代;而不,相反”如: I wont go to Shanghai. Ill go to Beijing, instead. 我不会去上海而会去北京. = Ill go to Beijing instead of Shanghai. I drank a lot of milk instead of water. 我喝了许多牛奶而不是水.10. have fun doing sth. = enjoy doing sth. 表示 “从做.中获得乐趣”如: I have great fun running. = I enjoy running.我总能在跑步中得到很大乐趣。四、交际用语(一) 请求和回答 Requests ResponsesCould you please do me a favor?Sure. What is it?Will you join us?Id be glad to.Would you mind teaching me?Not at all. Lets go and practice.（二）道歉和回答 Apologies ResponsesIm sorry I didnt call you last night.Never mind. I guess you were busy last night.Im sorry Im late for class.Thats OK. Please take a seat.Im sorry I lost your book.It doesnt matter. That book isnt important to me.Im sorry I broke your pen.Dont worry. I have another pen.Topic 3 Beijing will host the 2008 Olympics.一、重点词组:1. join the English club 加入英语俱乐部2. host the 2008 Olympics 举办2008年奥运会3. fill out 填出/好4. go on 发生；进行5. all the interesting places 所有有趣的地方6. quite a lot 相当多7. make friends with 与交朋友8. be afraid 恐怕9. be free 有空10. see you then 再见11. win the first gold medal 赢得第一枚金牌12. get 28 gold medals 获得28枚金牌13. the winner of the first gold medal 第一枚金牌的获胜者14. every four years 每四年;每隔三年15. the mascot for the Beijing Olympics 北京奥运会的吉祥物16. behave well 举止得体17. improve the environment 改善环境18. plant trees and grass 种植花草树木19. a symbol of 一种的象征20. stand for 代表21. the five parts of the world 世界的五大部分22. do morning exercises 做早操23. be fond of (doing) sth. 喜欢(做)某事二、重点句型1.Could you tell me your name? 你能告诉我你的名字吗?= Whats your name?2.What do you do? = Whats your job? = What are you? 你是干什么的?3.Beijing will host the 2008 Olympics. 北京将主办2008年奥运会4. More and more foreign friends ride in my taxi (= take my taxi) now. 现在越来越多的外国朋友搭我的出租车.5.Speaking English will help me a lot. 说英语将对我有很大帮助.6.Please fill it out. 请把它填好.7.What will the weather be like this weekend? = How will the weather be this weekend? 本周末的天气怎样?8. There will be more roads in Beijing. 在北京将会有更多的马路.9. When shall we meet? 我们什么时候见面？10.Lets make it half past six.咱们把时间定在六点半吧。三. 重点语言点1. fill out + 名词 “填好”fill + 名词/代词+out如: Please fill out this form. = Please fill this form out. 请填好这张表格. Please fill it/them out. (当宾语是代词时, 只能放中间) 请把它(们)填好.2. be afraid “恐怕” 指有礼貌地、委婉地拒绝别人. be afraid of “害怕(做)” 如: Im afraid I wont be free. 我恐怕没有空. He is afraid of dogs. 他害怕狗. They are afraid of losing the game. 他们害怕输了比赛.3. may be “可能是” may是情态动词 + bemaybe “或许; 可能” maybe是副词如: He may be a teacher. = Maybe he is a teacher. 他可能是一名老师. He may know her name. = Maybe he knows her name. 他可能知道她的名字.4. between 在两者之间among 在三者或三者当中如: The answer is between A and B. 答案在A和B 之间. The winner is among of us. 获胜者在我们当中.5. There be 句型的一般将来时 正:There will be a sports meeting in our school this weekend. = There is going to be a sports meeting in our school this weekend. 误:There will have a sports meeting in our school this weekend. = There is going to have a sports meeting in our school this weekend.四、交际用语提建议的句型:Would you like to go hiking with us? 你想和我们一起去远足吗?What/How about going hiking with us? 和我们一起去远足怎么样?Why dont you go hiking with us? 你为什么不和我们一起去远足呢?Why not go hiking with us? 为什么不和我们为什么不和我们一起去远足呢?呢?Lets go hiking. 让我们一起去远足吧!Would you mind going hiking with us? 你介意和我们一起去远足吗?Would you please go hiking with us? 和我们一起去远足好吗?Unit2 Keeping healthyTopic 1 How are you feeling today?一、重点短语1. have a cold/a toothache /a fever/a cough/a backache/a stomachache/a sore throat /the flu /sore eyes 感冒/牙疼/发烧/咳嗽/背疼胃疼/咽喉发炎/流感/眼疼2. take a rest=have a rest 休息3. not read for too long 不要看书太久4. boiled water 开水5. stay in bed 卧病在床，躺在床上6. have a good sleep 好好睡一觉7. feel terrible 感觉难受8. day and night 日日夜夜9. Youd better=You had better 你最好-10. not so well 很不好11. not too bad 没什么大碍12. much better 好多了13. go to see a doctor 去看病14. take /have some medicine 吃药15. take-to- 把-带到-16. send-to- 把-送到-17. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶18. lie down 躺下19. look after=take care of 照看，照顾20. brush teeth 刷牙21. have an accident 发生一次意外/事故22. dont worry 别担心23. worry about 担心-24. nothing serious 没什么严重，没什么大碍25. check over 诊断，仔细检查26. thank you for- 因-而感谢你27. buy-for- 为-买-28. not-until- 直到-才-29. ice cream 冰淇淋30. both-and- -和-都是-31. take some cold pills 吃感冒药32. plenty of 许多，大量二、重点句型1. Whats wrong with you/him/her?你/他/她怎么了？ 同一句：Whats the matter with-? Whats the trouble with-?2.You should see a dentist.你应该去看牙医。这是一种表达建议的句子。还可以用以下句式： youd better(not)-how /what about-why not/dont you -3.Im sorry to hear that.听到这个消息我很难过。这是表示同情别人的句子。4.You look pale.你看起来很苍白。（1）在英语中表示气色不好，苍白，不用whit，而用pale （2）“look ”在这里译作“看起来”，作连系动词，后接形容词。如：You look beautiful。你看起来很漂亮。与look用法相同的连系动词还有 tast ，sound ，smell ，feel 。如：The soup tastes very delicious .这汤尝起来真香。Your voice sound nice.你的声音听起来很动人。The flowers smell sweet .这些花闻起来很香。The silk feels smooth 丝绸摸起来很光滑。5.-Shall I take you to the hospital?我送你去医院吧？ -No,thank you.不用，谢谢。Shall I do-需要我做-吗？take sb to-把某人送到某地6. Ill take some medicine and see how it goes. 我打算先吃药看看情况再说。“goes”在这里指事情的进展。“it ”用来代指病情。如：How is everything going?一切进展如何？Everything is going well.一切进展顺利。7.Youd better drink hot tea with honey.你最好喝加蜂蜜的热茶。tea with honey 加了蜂蜜的茶，with表示一种伴随状态。类似的表达还有： some coffee with sugar and milk加了牛奶和糖的咖啡 some tea without sugar不加糖的茶8.Michael had an accident yesterday.昨天迈克发生了事故。 had an accident发生了事故9.But my left leg still hurts when I move it.可是当我挪动脚时，还是有点儿疼。句中“hurt”译为“疼痛”，作不及物动词。后不可接宾语。如：my head hurts.10.Your X-rays show its nothing serious.你的X光照片显示没什么严重的问题。nothing serious 没什么严重的。nothing ，something ，anything等不定代词，被形容词修饰时，形容词位于其后。如：I have something important to say.我有一些重要的事情要说。11.Stay in bed and dont move your leg too much.躺在床上，不要总是挪动你的腿。12.Michaels friends bought some chocolate for him .迈克的朋友给他买饿一些巧克力。buy sth for sb.双宾语的运用。使用双宾语时，在人宾前需要使用介词，有时用“to”有时用“for ”，这与动词本身有关，表示动词的方向，多用“to”，表示动词的目的，多用“ for ”give sth to sb. pass sth to sb.bring sth to sb. take sth to sb.cook sth for sb. buy sth for to sb .13.-but I couldnt read them until today.但是直到今天我才读了它们。not -until直到-才-until 在肯定句动词一般用延续性动词，在否定句中动词一般为短暂性动词。如：He will wait for his father until ten oclock.他将等他父亲一直到10点钟。He wont leave until his father comes.他直到他父亲回来才离开。三、语法学习1、 had better 的形式和用法1） 固定短语had better具有情态意义，也可以看作情态动词。译为“最好”，它只有一种形式，没有人称和数的变化，后常跟动词原形，是给人提出建议的一种方式。如： You had better go to see the doctor你最好去看医生。Youd better eat a lot of fruit and drink plenty of water.你最好多吃水果，多喝水。2）Had better的否定结构为 had better not。如：Youd better not eat hot food你最好别吃辛辣的食物。Youd better not work today.你今天最好别工作。2、 shall的用法1） 作助动词时，英式英语中表示将来，可与第一人称连用，但在口语中所有人称都用will。如：this time next week Ishall/will be in New York.下周这个时候我就在纽约了。拄：美语则不管什么人称，一律用will。2）作情态动词时表征询意见，用于第一人称的疑问句中。如：Shall Itake you to the hospital?要不要我带你去医院？What shall we do this weekend?这个周末我们要作什么呢？Topic 2 I must ask him to give up smoking一、重点短语1. stay up late熬夜2. be bad for对-有害3. be good for对-有益4. too much太多，过分5. do morning exercises做早操6. keep long fingernails长长指甲7. play sports right进行适当的体育锻炼8. go to school without breakfast不吃早餐去上学9. have a bath洗澡10. take a fresh breath呼吸新鲜空气11. read -about-读关于-12. Renai English Post仁爱英语报13. ask sb to do叫某人做某事14. give up放弃15. read in the sun在太阳底下看书16. throw litter about乱扔垃圾17. on the lawn在草坪上18. put-into-把-放进-19. exercise on