2011届英语阅读理解专练细节理解题2学习的啊.doc

雅思阅读题目出题的本质是三种替换：同义词/词组替换，句型替换，语法替换，笔者将从这三方面根据学生课堂笔记进行分类整理。以下是剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一次多义总结：1.rigid/ stiff/ unchanged/ little change 僵硬的，一成不变的2.significant/enormous/dramatic/tremendous/appreciably/remarkable/crucial/ 巨大的,明显的，程度大的/substantial3.approximately 将近-nearly, portion/ percentage 比例5.be involved (in)/ involve in/ involvement n. 涉及，卷入，参与6.given/ considering , in regard to / despite/ although 有鉴于考虑到，尽管6.induce v 引入，引导，引诱/ inductive n 归纳 generate 生产，制造/ degrade -grade 等级/ deteriorate 恶化，每况愈下41. 分类：category-categorize/ class-classify 42. consequence后果-影响/ subsequence紧跟其后/ sequence=order秩序/ frequency频率43.clash 冲突（民族，种族）/crash 飞机坠毁44. substitution= substitute sth for sb /replace45.alternative= 选择性，代替性，辅助性46.孤立：isolate/ alienate/insulate隔绝， 排外，孤立-be alien to/insulate (-ior) 绝缘，隔热（体）47缺点，不足之处：defect/ flaw/ failing/ disadvantage /drawback48.创新的，发明的，新颖的，创新的：inventive (-tion)/ innovative (-tion)/ creative (-tion)/ ingenious (ity)/novel (-ty) =n/creative/revolutionary 易错拼写：environment/ convenient49neutral 中立的，中性的 /negative 否定，消极，阴性的 /positive 肯定，积极，阳性的50ambiguous-ambiguity 模棱两可的，暧昧的/municate 沟通，传达，通报52.accommodate 1供.食宿，2=adapt to 适应，调整，3=hold 容纳，4使停靠53.commitment 1 to sth 奉献 2 责任,义务54contribute to 导致 result in /account for (占据)导致54.缺乏的，不足的：inadequate/ insufficient/ deficient/lack (of)/ short (of)55.强调：emphasize/ stress/ highlight/ focus on/ concentrate on英语作文常用谚语、俗语1、A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth. 说谎者即使讲真话也没人相信。 2、A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. 一知半解，自欺欺人。 3、All rivers run into sea. 海纳百川。 4、All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。 5、All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只会用功不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。 6、A bad beginning makes a bad ending. 不善始者不善终。 7、Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 8、A faithful friend is hard to find. 知音难觅。 9、A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。 10、A friend is easier lost than found. 得朋友难，失朋友易。 11、A good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。 12、A good beginning makes a good ending. 善始者善终。 13、A good book is a good friend. 好书如挚友。 14、A good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。 15、A mothers love never changes. 母爱永恒。 16、An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一苹果，不用请医生。 17、A single flower does not make a spring. 一花独放不是春，百花齐放春满园。 18、A years plan starts with spring. 一年之计在于春。 19、A young idler, an old beggar. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。 20、Better late than never. 不怕慢，单怕站。 21、By reading we enrich the mind.读书使人充实，22、Care and diligence bring luck. 谨慎和勤奋才能抓住机遇。 23、Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success. 自信是走向成功的第一步。 24、Custom is a second nature. 习惯是后天养成的。 25、Custom makes all things easy. 有个好习惯，事事皆不难。 26、Doing is better than saying. 与其挂在嘴上，不如落实在行动上。 27、Do nothing by halves. 凡事不可半途而废。 28、Dont put off till tomorrow what should be done today. 今日事，今日毕。 29、Dont trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. 不要自找麻烦。 30、Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起身体好。 31、Easier said than done. 说得容易，做得难。32、Easy come, easy go. 来也匆匆，去也匆匆。 33、Eat to live, but not live to eat. 人吃饭是为了活着，但活着不是为了吃饭。 34、Every man has his faults. 金无足赤，人无完人。 35、Every man is the architect of his own fortune. 自己的命运自己掌握。 36、Every minute counts. 分秒必争。37、Each coin has two sides. 38、Fact speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 39、Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。 40、God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助。41、Health is better than wealth. 健康胜过财富。 42、Honesty is the best policy. 做人诚信为本。 43、Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst. 抱最好的愿望，做最坏的打算。 44、It is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。 45、Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量46、Like mother, like daughter. 有其母必有其女。 47、No pain， no gain.（不劳无获。）48、You never know till you have tried. 不尝试，不知晓。49、An idle youth, a needy age.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。50、Diligence is the mother of success.勤奋是成功之母。51、Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起，使人健康、富裕和聪颖。52、Experience is the best teacher.经验是最好的教师。53、Nothing in the world is difficult if you set your mind to it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。54、Where theres a will, theres a way. 有志者事竟成。55、Practice makes perfect （熟能生巧。）56、Pride goes before a fall（骄傲必败。）Superstar and IIts common that many students are crazy about those singers and actors. However, liyundi, a pianist, is the superstar in my heart. He is a man of few words and he even looks like the greatest pianistChopin. When listening to his music , I can get rid of everything noisy around. Whats more, I can feel his strong love for music. Rome wasnt built in one day. He achieved the great success through huge effort. I can learn from him that we should never give up to realize our dreams.Superstar and IHer name first appeared as a joke then like a wonder. She is Susan Boyle, the superstar in my heart. Although shes not beautiful, her voice and spirit moved all the audience, including me. The song I dreamed a dream that she sang touched everyones heart who had a dream and wanted to realize it. She taught me how to go on my dreams as well as never to give up. She is like a sunshine that gives me hope. Where there is a will, there is a way.2011届英语阅读理解专练-细节理解题2 M.feir把答案填入对应的序号下。1234567891011121314151617181920提醒语：1确定题干，到原文快速搜索相关信息，对信息进行处理！2忌主观臆断！3细节题是高考考查的重点，占阅读的50%，应重视。【考例分析1】For many parents, raising a teenager is like fighting a long war, but years go by without any clear winner. Like a border conflict between neighboring countries, the parent-teen war is about boundaries: Where is the line between what I control and what you do? （2010湖北卷B篇）Why does the author compare the parent-teen war to a border conflict?A. Both can continue for generations B. Both are about where to draw the line C. Neither has any clear winner D. Neither can be put to an end 【考例分析2】 The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies. （2010湖南卷C）What were the people asked to do in the study?A. To make a face at each other. B. To get their faces impressive.C. To classify some face pictures. D. To observe the researchers faces.【考例分析3】 Confucius suggested Rule as a principle for the conduct of “Do not do to others what you would not want others to you. ”He assumed that all men were equal at birth, though some potential than others, and that it was knowledge that set men apart. Socrates focused on individual, and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom. He believed that some had more potential to develop their reason than others did. Like Confucius, he believed that the superior class should rule the inferior(下层的)classes. （2010江西卷C）Socrates shared with Confucius the idea that .A. all men were equal when they were bornB. the lower classes should be ruled by the upper classC. the purpose of man was to seek freedom and wisdomD. people should not ask others to do what they did not want to【考例分析4】Since Beijings first ski resort was opened ten years ago, the sport has enjoyed astonishing increase. There are now more than a dozen resorts. Clothes markets in the cityhave added bright colored ski suits to their winter collections. Mr. Wei, a manager of a newly-opened ski resort in Beijing, sees the growth of an industry that could soon lead Chinese to head for the ski resorts of Europe. In recent years ski resorts offering natural snow have opened in China. But many are in faraway areas of the country and cant really match the equipment and services of some ski resorts in Europe. （2010全国卷IIC）Why are some Chinese likely to go skiing in Europe?A. To visit more ski areas. B. To ski on natural snow. C. For a large collection of ski suits. D. For better services and equipment.【考例分析5】He longs for conversations with an editor who will help him turn his good ideas into great ones. He wants someone to get excited about what hes doing and to help him turn his story idea upside down and inside out, exploring the best ways to report it. He wants to be more valuable for your paper. Thats what you want for him, too, isnt it? (2010北京卷B)What does the reporter want most from his editors in their talks? A. Finding the news value of his stories. B. Giving him financial support. C. Helping him to find issues. D. Improving his good ideas【考例分析6】But Parbati doesnt catch elephants just for fun. “My work,” she says, “is to rescue man from the elephants, and to keep the elephants safe from man.” And this is exactly what Parbati has been doing for many years. Increasingly, the Indian elephant is angry: for many years, illegal hunters have attacked it and its home in the jungle has been reduced to small pieces of land. It is now fighting back. Whenever wild elephants enter a tea garden or a village, Parbati is called to guide the animals back to the jungle before they can kill. （2010上海卷A）For Parbati, catching elephants is mainly to . A. get long lasting excitement B. keep both man and elephants safe C. send them back to the jungle D. make the angry elephants tame【考例分析7】Parbati hasnt always lived in the jungle. After a happy childhood hunting with her father, she was sent to boarding school in the city. But Parbati never got used to being there and many years later she went back to her old life. “Life in the city is too dull. Catching elephants is an adventure and the excitement lasts for days after the chase,” she says. （2010上海卷A）Before Parbati studied in a boarding school, _. A. she spent her time hunting with her father B. she learned how to sing love songs C. she had already been called an elephant princess D. she was taught how to hunt tigers【考例分析8】It is hardly surprising that clothing manufacturers （生产商）follow certain uniform standards for various features（特征）of clothes. What seems strange , however, is that the standard adopted for women is the opposite of the one for men. Take a look at the way your clothes button. Mens clothes tend to button from the right, and womens form the left. Considering most of the worlds population-men and women-are right-handed, the mens standard would appear to make more sense for women. So why do womens clothes button from the left? (2010重庆卷C)What is surprising about the standard of the clothing industry?A. It has been followed by the industry for over 400 years.B. It is different for mens clothing and womens.C. It works better with men than with women.D. It fails to consider right-handed people. 【考例分析9】 The engineer Camillo Olivetti was 40 years old when he started the company in 1908. At his factory in Ivera, he designed and produced the first Italian typewriter. Today the companys head office is still in Ivrea, near Turin, but the company is much larger than it was in those days and there are offices all around the world.By 1930 there was a staff of 700 and the company turned out 13,000 machines a year. Some went to customers in Italy, but Olivetti exported more typewriters to other countries. (2010安徽卷A)From the text we learn that_.A. by 1930 Olivetti produced 13,000 typewriters a yearB. Olivetti earned more in the 1960s than in the 1950sC. some of Olivettis 700 staff regularly visited customers in ItalyD. Olivetti set up offices in other countries from the very beginning 【考例分析10】After World War , the population of most large American cities decreased; however, the population in many Sun Belt cities increased. Los Angeles and Houston are cities where population shifts（转移）to and from the city reflect the changing values of American society. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, city residents（居民）became wealthier. They had more children so they needed more space. They moved out of their apartments in the city to buy their own homes. They bought houses in the suburbs（郊区）. (2010安徽卷C)Why did American city residents want to live in the suburbs after World War ?A. Because older American cities were dying.B. Because they were richer and needed more space.C. Because cities contained the worst pare of society.D. Because they could hardly afford a live in the city.【考例分析11】When I was growing up in America, I was ashamed of my mothers Chinese English. Because of her English, she was often treated unfairly. People in department stores, at banks, and at restaurants did not take her seriously, did not give her good service, pretended not to understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her. （2010广东卷A）Why was the authors mother poorly served？ A. She was unable to speak good English. B. She was often misunderstood.C. She was not clearly heard. D. She was not very polite. W【考例分析12】My mother has realized the limitations of her English as well. When I was fifteen, she used to have me call people on phone to pretend I was she. I was forced to ask for information or even to yell at people who had been rude to her. One time I had to call her stockbroker (股票经纪人).I said in an adolescent voice that was not very convincing, “This is Mrs. Tan.” （2010广东卷A）From Paragraph 2, we know that the author was .A. good a pretending B. rude to the stockbrokerC. ready to help her mother D. unwilling to phone for her mother【考例分析13】The little baby whaleactually as big as our boatwas obviously stuck and could not move. The mother dived under the water and came up suddenly, making big whirlpools(漩涡) and waves. “Shes trying to help her baby, but on the wrong side,” my father said. At this point, my father moved our boat in a semicircle to the other side and, heading the boat towards the baby whale, pushed it gently. （2010湖北卷A）The mother whale failed to help her baby because_.A. she had stayed in the polluted water for too long B. the whirlpools she had made were not big enough C. she had no other whales around to turn to for helpD. the waves pushed her baby in the wrong direction 【考例分析14】Fashion designer Angela Barnard, who runs her own fashion business in London, said older women were much more affected by celebrity(名流) style than in previous years .She said, “When people see stars such as Judi Dench and Helen Mirren looking attractive and fashionable in their sixties, they want to follow them. Older women are much more aware of celebrities .Theres also the boom in TV programmes showing people how they can change their look, and many of my older customers do yoga to stay in shape well in their fifties. （2010湖北卷C）What can we learn about old women in terms of fashion？A. They are often ignored by fashion designers. B. They are now more easily influenced by stars.C. They are regarded as pioneers in the latest fashion.D. They are more interested in clothes because of their old age.【考例分析15】Andy rode slowly on his way to school, day-dreaming about the fishing trip that his father had promised him. He was so busy dreaming about all the fish he would catch that he was unaware of everything else around him.He rode along until a strange around drew him to the present. He came to a stop and looked curiously up to the heavens. What he saw shocked him. A huge swarm of bees filled the sky like clack cloud and the buzzing mass seemed to be heading angrily towards him. （2010江西卷A）Why did Andy fail to notice the swarm of bees earlier?A. He was riding to school. B. He was listening to a strange sound.C. He was going fishing with his father. D. He was lost in the thought of the fishing trip.【考例分析16】Every day we experience one of the wonders of the world around us without even realizing it. It is not the amazing complexity of television. Nor the impressive technology of transport. The universal wonder we share and experience is our ability to make noises with our mouths, and so transmit ide