初中英语介词小结.doc

介词小结一. 表示时间的介词1. in，on，at 1) in 表示“在某月(季节、年等)” 如：in 1996, in January, in summer 固定词组：in the morning, in a week, in a minute, in time, in the end in 表示几天以后 He will come back in two days.2) on 用于指具体的某一天或专指某一天上午、下午等。如：on Christmas Day, on the night of February 16 on Monday3) at 用于具体时刻前，如：at seven固定词组：at the moment, at night, at last, at first, at noon, at once, at this time of the year, at the beginning of, at the end of this month, at the same time.2. in, afterin + 时间段 在之后（内），多用于将来时 after +时间段 在之后， 多用于过去时 Mr. Brown has gone to Canada. He will be back _ two weeks. A. for B. after C. in Our manager came back _ an hour.A. in B. after C. at3. by, untilby + 时间点，表示“到以前为止” , 不迟于 ”until 用于肯定句中表示“直到为止” 用于否定句中表示“直到才”E.g. You have to finish your homework by 11 oclock.I watched TV until my mother came home.我一直看电视直到我妈妈回来为止。I did not watch TV until my mother came home. 我直到妈妈回来我才开始看电视。二. 表示地点、方位介词1. on 在的上面,与表面接触 over 在的正上方, 不接触表面 under 在下面(是on, over的反义词)E.g. There is a lamp on the desk. 在桌子上有一盏台灯。 There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座桥。 He stood under a tree. 他站在一棵树下。 2. above 在上方, 不一定在某物的正上方， below 在下方, 不一定在某物的正下方，其反义词是above；E.g. There are many flowers below the window. 窗下有很多花。The Whites live above us. 王先生一家住在我们家上面。3. in + 大地方 ( 把地点当作一个范围或一个封闭的空间 ) at + 小地方（门牌号）, ( 把地点、位置当作一个“点”) on +某层楼E.g. These pens are in a box.Im in France, at Paris. 我住在法国巴黎。(相对法国来讲，巴黎只是一个“点”)My aunt lives at 55 Boretz Road in Sydney. 我的姑妈住在Sydney, Boretz 路55号。固定用法：1. The beggar is sitting at the corner.那乞丐坐在角落里。 2. Jane is waiting for you at the bus stop. 3. at home / at work. / at school 4. at the crossroads 在十字路口 5. There is a small hut at the foot of the hill.山脚下有一座小屋子。6. in the newspaper 在报上 in the sky在空中4. in: 某一地区范围之内 to: 某一地区范围之外 on: 与某地相邻、接壤E.g. Fujian is in the southeast of China.Taiwan is to the southeast of China.Russia is on the north of China.5. beside, nearbeside表示“近旁”、“紧靠”，相当于next to。如：Come and sit beside me. 来坐在我的身旁。near意为“在附近”，可以表示空间、时间关系等。如：He sits near the window. 他坐在窗户附近。6. in front of, in the front of, behindin front of表示“在之前”。表示在某一空间外部的前面，in the front of 表示在某一空间内部的前面。如：There are some trees in front of the classroom. 教室前有一些树。 Dont sit in the front of the car. 不要坐在小汽车的前部。behind “ 在-后面 ”如：The boy is hiding behind the tree.7. to 向某处移动 for 动身去某地1）Will you take a train_ Tianjin. A. to B. for C. at2）Im leaving _ Beijing next week. A. to B. for C. towards8. across, throughacross表示动作是在某一物体的表面进行的；through则表示动作是在某一空间进行的；e.g. Well swim across the river. 我们打算游到河对岸。Dont run across the street 不要横穿马路。They walk through the park to school every day. 他们每天穿过公园去上学。三. 表方式、方法、手段的介词1. in 用材料、语言, with 用工具、某物, by 用方式、方法、手段, on表示通过媒介如：by plane / by train, on foot on a train / plane / bicycle, in a caron the left/ on the right on the way to on the bed / in bed, in English， on the telephone / the radio, on TV， with a pen, with ones hands, in ink, 表示穿着 in brown shoes 2. with 与一起 带着，有的 用工具 在身上E.g. She lives with her son.The girl with long hair is my classmate.My American friends are learning to eat with chopsticks.I have no money with me.without: 没有，缺少E.g. Dont go out without a coat; youll catch a cold. 四.其它介词1. between 在两者之间， 常用“between and” among 在当中（三者或以上） during 在期间1). Some supermarkets open _ 8:30 and 8:00 p.m. _ the Mid-Autumn Day. A. at, during B. between, during C. between, in2). They lived _ the mountains in the past. A. among B. between C. during3). Dont sit _ the two girls. A. among B. between C. during2. except 除之外，不包括 besides 除之外，还包括 E.g. 1). Everyone passed the exam _ Tom. A. besides B. except C. for 2). _ Mr. Green, five teachers went to the meeting. A. Besides B. Except C. Beside3. for 1). 表示当作、作为。如: I like some bread and milk for breakfast. 我喜欢把面包和牛奶作为早餐。 2). 表示理由或目标。如: Thank you for helping me with my English. 谢谢你帮我学习英语。I came here for my schoolbag. 3). 表示动作的对象或接受者，意为“给”、“对 (而言)”。如：Its important for us to learn English well. The gift is for you. 4). 表示时间、距离。如：She has been an English teacher for seven years. He walked for ten miles.五. 常见的介词搭配1) Its very nice of you to help me.2) Its very good for you to do exercise.3) the answer (key) to the question (lock)4) be famous for 5) be afraid of （怕） 6) be different from （与不同） 7) be good at （善于） 8) be interested in （对感兴趣） 9) be late for （迟到） 10) be/get ready for （为作好准备） 11) take care of = look after (照顾) 12) dream of 梦想 13) hear from收到的信 (E.g. Have you heard from Ann recently?)14) look at 15) look for 16) look out (当心) 17) look like (看起来像) 18) think about (思索、考虑) 19) worry about（为感到担忧） 介词练习 ( ) 1 Children get gifts _ Christmas and _ their birthdays. A. on; on B. at; on C. in; in D. in; on ( ) 2 A lot of students in our school were born_March, 1981. A. in B. at C. on D. since ( ) 3 He suddenly returned_ a rainy night. A. on B. at C. in D. during ( )4 My grandfather was born_Oct. 10, 1935. A. on B. in C. at D. of ( )5 The train is starting_five minutes. A. in B. at C. for D.still ( ) 6 Mike does his exercises _ seven _ the evening. A. on; to B. at; in C. by; of D. at; on ( ) 7 We returned to our hometown_. A. next week B. in the last week C. last week D. for a week ( ) 8 Children wake up very early_ the morning. A. in B. on C. D. at ( ) 9 _ a cold winter morning, I met her in the street. A. In B. On C. At D. For ( ) 10 Why did you get up so early _ this morning. A. on B. / C. at D. in ( ) 11 Lucy was born_ the night of May 12, 1984. . . A. on B. in C. at D. to ( ) 12 Mrs Brown came to China _ 1996. A.on B. of C. to, D. in ( ) 13 Ann moved_Hangzhou_September, 1992. A. /; in B. to; in C. to; on D, in; in ( ) 14 They started off_an autumn afternoon. A. during B. at C. in D. on ) 15 He often goes _ school _ six thirty _ the morning. A. for; to; in B. to; at in C. to; for; at D, for; at; to ( ) 16 He arrived _ Shanghai _ 9: 30 _ March 5. A. at; in; at B. to; on; at C. in; on; at D. in; at; on （ ）17 The doctor worked_ five hours_ a rest. A. for; with B. on; without C. about; having D. for; without ( ) 18 I worked on the problem _ a long time and I worked it out_myself_ last. A. for; by; at B. in; with; on C. on; by; in D. for; for; at the ( ) 19 A new factory will be set up_ a year. A. for B. in C. after D. on ( ) 20 Two years_ he began to write another story-book. A. after B. later ; C. in D. late ( ) 21 We will finish the picture_ a day. A. in B. on C. after D. on ( ) 22 Mr Brown was _ the ground _ four hours before they finally found him. A. on; for B. at; in C. on; after D. in; during ( ) 23 The American Civil War lasted four years before the North won _ the end. A. by B. at C. in D. on ( ) 24 The plane is flying _. A. in the sky B. in the air C. in space D. in sky ( ) 25 Lucy sits_ the third row, _Jims left. A. on; on B. in; at C. at; in D. in; on ( )26. -Can I look up a word_ your dictionary? -I havent got_me. A. into; about B. in; with C. at; in D. on; on ( ) 27 1 like mooncakes _ meat _ them. A. in; on B. with; on C. in; the D. with; in 28 When you are _ trouble please ask help _ us. A. in; from B. in; for C. on; from D. on; of ( ) 29 I saw him_hurry at the moment. A. in a B. in C. on D. on a ( ) 30 He put up a map _ the back wall because there was a hole _it. A. on; on B. at; in C. on; in D. on; at 31 There is a door_ the wall. A. on B. to C. of D. in ( ) 32 This kind of VCD is made_ China. . A. in B. from C. at D. on ( ) 33 Any man _ eyes_ his head can see that rope. A. with; on B. with; in C. on; with D. in; with ( ) 34 There are some birds singing_ the trees. A. in B. on C. at D. from ( ) 35 Dont read _ the sun. Its bad _ your eyes. A. in; to B. under; for C. with; to D. in; on ( ) 36 The woman_ a blue dress is my teacher. . A. in B. on C. of D. at ( ) 37 There are so many apples_ that tree. A. in B, on C. at D. from ( ) 38 The boat is passing_ the bridge. A. through B. on C. under D. across ( ) 39 Two planes are flying_ the city. A. through B. over , C. on , D, below ( ) 40 Do you see the kite _ the building. A. over B. cross C. on D. in ( ) 41 The man stood_the window, watching the boys playing outside. A. in B. by C. with D. to ( ) 42 Is the street too narrow for the bus to go _? A. through B. across C. on D. in( ) 43 It took us over an hour to walk_ this street. A. from B. through C. over D. across ( ) 44 Uncle Wang arrived_ No. 14 Middle School half an hour ago. A. at B. in C. to D. / ( ) 45 Did your friend send you something _ the end of last week? A. at B. by C. in D. to ( )46 My uncle lives _ 88 Beijing Street. A. to B. of C. at D. on ( ) 47 They are waiting _ a bus _ the bus stop. A. for; in B. on; at C. with; at D. for; at ( ) 48 Is there any difference _ these two sentences? A. for B. in C. among D. between ( ) 49 There is the difference_ Chinese food and American food. A. from B. at C. between D. by ( ) 50 He is _ the greatest scientists in the world. A. among B. between C.