谓语动词时态学生版(王芝义)新.doc

三元整合导学模式英语学科导学稿（学生版）编号YYGK002编写人：王芝义、曾南龙 审稿人：陈勤宝 定稿日：2012-09-14协编人： 使用人 高三英语备课组一、课题：复习谓语动词的时态、语态二、学习目标：（1）能说出基本时态及语态的谓语动词形式； （2）能归纳出谓语动词基本时态及语态的用法；(3) 能在英文句子中正确使用谓语动词的时态及语态； （4）能在英文写作中熟练使用谓语动词的时态及语态。三、学习过程（一）自主学习请同学们约在35分钟时间内完成以下任务：I. 认真阅读以下内容，并熟记下述时态、语态的基本形式及用法一、 一般现在时（由动词原形构成，但第三人称单数动词后需加上-s/-es）用法如下：1、 表示经常性或习惯性动作。如：We always care for each other and help each other.She goes to school at half past six every morning.2、 表示现在的特征或存在的状态。如：The West Park is so beautiful that we often go there. (特征)One window in our class is broken. (状态)3、 表示客观事实或普遍真理。如：Light travels faster than sound. / The sun rises in the east.4、 在时间或条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时表示将来的动作。如：If you see him, will you tell him to ring me up?When they finish school, they will go to work in Tibet.（注）主句用将来时，条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来。5、 表示计划或安排的将来动作(只限于某些表示位置转移的动词，如：go, come, leave, start, etc., 通常用于指车站、机场或码头的车、飞机或轮船按时间表开或起飞等)The train starts at seven oclock in the morning. / Supper is at five today.6、 主句动词如果是过去时，其宾语从句的动词一般也该用过去时，但如果宾语从句是客观真理，其动词仍然用一般现在时。如：Galileo insisted that the earth moves round the sun.二、 一般过去时（由动词过去式构成）用法如下：1、表示过去某时发生动作或存在的状态，常与具体过去时间状语连用。如：We went to visit the zoo last Sunday. / He was very busy when I saw him.2、表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。如：She often came to our help. When my brother was a teenager, he played table tennis every day.(注) 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，也可以用used to do sth. / would do sth.When she was a child, she used to / would go skating every winter3、在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时表示过去将来的动作。如：They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him.三、 一般将来时（由shall/will do 构成, shall只用于第一人称）表示现在看来将来某时发生的动作或存在的状态。（指没有计划的将来动作）He will come to see you the day after tomorrow.I shall go back to see my childhood friends in the summer vacation.(注) 其他表示将来的用法如下：1、be going to do sth.1) 表示打算做某事 ( 指表示计划的将来动作 )。如：How are you going to spend your holidays?2) 表示有迹象表明即将发生某事。如：Look at those clouds. It is going to rain.2、现在进行时可表示计划、安排的将来动作。这时常用表示位置转移的动词：come, go, start, leave, etc.如：He is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. / What are you doing the coming Sunday?3、“be to do sth.”表示计划、安排的将来动作。如： We are to meet at the school gate at eight oclock tomorrow morning.4、“be about to do sth.”表示即将或正要做某事，句中不能有时间状语。如： I was about to go out when it began to rain.(when是并列连词) I am about to go immediately/next week. (错句)5、将来进行时（由will / shall be doing构成）表示将来某时或某段时间内正在进行的动作）如： This time tomorrow I shall be flying across the Atlantic to the U.S.A. What will you be doing at eight oclock tomorrow evening?6、（见一般现在时用法5）四、过去将来时（由would/should do构成，should只用于第一人称）表示过去某时看来将来某时发生的动作或存在的状态。如：He said he would raise the question at the meeting.They wanted to know when you would finish your composition.五、现在进行时（由am/are/is doing 构成，一般说来持续性的动作动词才有进行时）用法如下：1、表示此时此刻正在进行的动作或现阶段正在进行的动作。如： A: What are you doing? B: I am doing some reading. (此时此刻) What are you doing these days? (现阶段)2、表示计划、安排的将来动作。（见上面）3、现在进行时有时并不表示正在进行的动作，而表示说话人的感情色彩，句中常有always/constantly等词。如：He is always thinking of his work. (表示赞许)His car is always breaking down, (表示厌恶)六、过去进行时（由was/were doing构成）用法如下：1、表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。如：She was reading a magazine when I came in.（过去某时）We were doing a thorough cleaning from seven to ten am.（过去某段时间内）2、表示计划、安排的过去将来动作，这时常用表示位置转移的动词：come, go, leave, start, etc.如：They wanted to know when we were leaving for Shanghai.3、过去进行时与一般过去时的区别：过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作，一般过去时表示过去已经完成的动作。如：I was reading a novel last night. 昨晚我在看小说。（强调过去某段时间内正在看小说）I read a novel last night. 昨晚我看了一本小说。(看完了)I was quickly getting used to that kind of life. (还在适应中) I quickly got used to that kind of life. (已经适应)七、现在完成时（由have/has done构成）用法如下：1、表示到现在为止已经完成的动作，强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。She has read all the books on the bookshelf. (对现在造成的影响或结果是：她了解书的内容) 2、表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，这时常和since引导的短语或从句或 for 引导的短语连用。如：We havent had a vacation for a long time. / It is / has been three years since I saw you last time.3、在时间或条件状语从句中，代替将来完成时表示将来完成的动作。如：Ill go to see the exhibition as soon as I have got the recorder fixed.Well start out at seven oclock if it has stopped raining by then.这里用现在完成时表示这动作在另一动作之前完成。如果两个动作同时发生或紧连着发生，这时用一般现在时表将来。如：Ill let you know as soon as I hear from her. / Shell call you as soon as she gets there.在这样的情况下, 特别是当我们用的是get, arrive, see, leave, hear, return等表示短暂性动作的动词时，多用一般现在时。有时两种时态都可用。如：Well leave as soon as it stops / has stopped raining. / Ill tell him after you leave / have left.4、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：它们都表示过去已经完成的动作，但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，强调对现在造成的影响或结果，而一般过去时则表示该动作发生在过去，不涉及它对现在的影响。如：I have lost my pen. (过去某时丢了钢笔，对现在造成的结果是现在没笔用)She lost her pen yesterday. (只强调笔是昨天丢的，现在找到与否没有说明。)Who has opened the door? (强调现在门还开着)Who opened the door? (指过去，与现在无关，现在门是开着还是关着，没有说明)八、过去完成时（由had done 构成）用法如下：1、表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。如：By the end of last term, we had learned 2500 words. I didnt go to see the film because I had seen it twice.2、表示过去某一时间开始，一直延续到另一个过去时间的动作。如： It rained yesterday after it had been dry for several months. By the time I read his new book, I had known him for a long time.(注) 当从句包含 after, before, as soon as时，因为这几个词已经显示示出动作的先后，所以主句和从句都可用一般过去时，当然发生在另一动作之前的那个动作也可以用过去完成时。如： We had breakfast after we did / had done morning exercises. The train started / had started to move just before he reached the platform. As soon as he got / had got there, he gave us a phone call.(注) intend, mean(打算), hope, plan, want, think, etc.动词的过去完成时可用来表示本来打算或希望等做某事而没有做。 I had intended to come over to see you last night, but I had an unexpected visitor. (= I intended to have come over to see you last night, but ) We had hoped to catch the 9:30 train, but found it was gone. (= We hoped to have caught the 9:30 train, but)九、将来完成时（shall/will have done, shall只用于第一人称）表示将来某一时间之前将完成的动作。如： By the end of this week, I shall have finished this textbook. The children will have gone to bed by the time we get home.十、现在完成进行时（由 have/has been doing构成）用法如下：1、表示过去某一时间开始的动作一直延续到现在，这个动作可能已经终止，也有可能仍在进行中。如：I have been waiting for you for two hours. / We have been learning English for ten years.2、现在完成时与现在完成进行时都可以表示过去某时开始的动作一直延续到现在，但现在完成进行时强调该动作在那段时间内一直进行着，现在完成时往往表示该动作已完成。如：I have been reading Lu Xun this week. (我仍在读)I have read A Madmans Diary this week. (已经读完)十一、过去完成进行时（由had been doing 构成）表示过去某时开始的动作一直延续到另一个过去时间。如：The baby had been crying for twenty minutes when her mother came in.He said he had been waiting for you for two hours.(注)过去完成进行时与过去完成时的区别参考现在完成进行时与现在完成时区别。十二、被动语态的构成：由be+done（过去分词）构成，任何一种时态的被动态的构成是将be+done 中的be变成那种时态（见下面黑体部分），而done不变。1、一般现在时的被动态：am/are/is+done2、一般过去时的被动态：was/were+done3、一般将来时的被动态：will/shall be+done4、过去将来时的被动态：would/should be+done5、现在进行时的被动态：am/are/is being +done6、过去进行时的被动态：was/ were being+done7、现在完成时的被动态：have/has been+done8、过去完成时的被动态：had been+donII. 请用括号中所给动词的正确形式填空。1）The teacher told his students that knowledge_ (come) from practice.2）Barbra is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ (wear) evening dress.3）The book has been translated into thirty languages since it _(come)on the market in 1973.4) If you dont like the drink you _ (order), just leave it and try a different one.5) Im going to leave without you unless you_(get) here earlier.6) The harder you work from now on , the better results you _(get).7） She said that his mother _（get ）angry with him if he didnt take her advice.8) That piece of music sounds quite familiar. Who _(play) the piano upstairs ?9) The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant _(give) in his place but, luckily, everything was going on smoothly.10) It is the most instructive lecture that I _ (attend) so far.11) She was surprised to find the fridge empty; the children _ (eat) everything.12) The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials , the rest of which _(save) for other purposes.13) Experiments of this kind _ (make) both in the U.S and Europe well before the Second World War.14）In the last few years thousands of films _ (produced ) all over the world.15) The church tower which _ (rebuild) will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.Suggested answers: 1.comes 2. wears 3.came 4.ordered 5. get 6.will get 7.would get 8. is playing 9.was giving10.have attended 11.had eaten 12. were saved 13.had been made 14.have been produced 15. is being rebuilt（二）小组讨论 各组核对答案，组内相互释疑，然后完成以下任务：Task 1.请学习小组长组织组员在组内陈述8种基本时态及语态的结构；Task 2.请归纳出谓语动词8种基本时态及语态的用法并举例说明；（三）合作探究 请各小组集中组内不能解决的疑难问题或向其他组征询解答、或由老师点拨。(四) 拓展提升1.请用括号中所给动词的正确形式填空1）When I was at college, I _ (speak) three foreign languages, but I _(forget) all except for a few words of each.2) The unemployment rate in this district _ (fall) from 6% to 5% in the past two years.3) I _ (be) there for more than a week when I set to work with the scientist.4) She _ (write) 15 novels up to now. Since last December she _(write) another one and she hopes to finish it soon.5）The pen my sister bought me _(write) very smoothly.6) It is said that the meeting _ （take）place in a fortnight.Suggested answers: 1. spoke; have forgotten; 2. has fallen 3.had been 4. has written; has been writing;5. writes 6. will take2.请用下面短文中括号里所给动词的正确形式填空。When very small dinosaur bones 1._(find) in a Germany mine people thought they were from baby dinosaurs. But scientist Martin Sanders work 2_(show) that they were probably fully grown and 3._(belong) to the smallest giant dinosaur species ever 4._(find). Growth marks on dinosaur bones are similar to growth rings on trees. The rings are far apart while the animal is young and growing quickly. They 5._(get) closer as growth slows. “It is exactly these tight ring marks that we found in the fossil(化石) bones,” says Sander. So the fossil must have been from