情态动词havedone.docVIP

高考“情态动词have done”考点解析“情态动词have done”结构是高考重要考点，也是较难掌握的语法项目之一，为了帮助同学们更好地掌握使用这一考点，下面结合近年高考试题谈谈其主要用法。考点之一：在虚拟条件句中，如果表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句中用过去完成时，而主句中则用“情态动词现在完成时”，即：would/ could/ should/ might have done。例如：If they had finished the work on time, they would have been praised by the manager.If you had worked hard, you could have passed the examination.高考题分析：1. If it _ for the snow, we _ the mountain yesterday. ( MET91) A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could C. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb2. - I stayed at a hotel while in New York. - Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara. (NMET98) A. could have stay B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stay3. Yesterday Jane walked away from discussion, otherwise, she _ something she would regret later.( 96上海) A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said答案简析： 1. 根据信息词yesterday可以判断该句是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句中应该用“情态动词现在完成时”，故答案选C。2. 本句是一个含蓄虚拟条件句，意思是：If you hadnt stay at a hotel while in New York, you could have stayed with Barbara. 表达了与过去事实相反的情况，答案选A。3. 本句考查的也是含蓄虚拟语气，意思是：如果她参加了讨论，她可能会说出一些后来令她后悔的话。表达了与过去事实相反的情况，故答案选D。考点之二：must have done表示对过去已经发生过的情况的肯定推测判断，语气较强，意思是“一定、肯定”。其否定形式分别用cant/ couldnt和can/ could。例如：It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.昨天晚上一定是下雨了，因为今晨地面是潮湿的。She didnt attend the lesson yesterday. She must have been ill.她昨天没有上课，她一定是生病了。巩固练习：He _ have completed his work, otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside. (北京题)A. should B. must C. wouldnt D. cantThis cake is very sweet. You _ a lot of sugar in it. (05辽宁26题). Should put B. could have put C. might put D. must have put- Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today?- Something _ to him. ( 05江西22题 A. must happen B. should have happened C. could have happenedD. must have happenedI was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They _ at least 150 kilometers an hour. ( 05重庆33题)A. should have been doing B. must have been doingC. could have done D. would have doneI _ have been more than six years old when the accident happened.( 05天津14题)A. shouldnt B. couldnt C. mustnt D. neednt- Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere. (05 湖北32题)A. shouldnt B. mustnt C. cant D. wouldnt1. I didnt hear the phone. I _ asleep. (MET 89) A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been2. - I rang your home yesterday. A man answered but I didnt recognize the voice. - Oh, it _ my brother, Peter. A. must be B. must have been C. can have been D. might be答案简析： 1. 关键词是didnt，说明动作发生在过去，所以是对已经发生过的情况的推测判断。故答案选B。 2. 本句的意思是：我昨天朝你家里打的电话。是对过去情况的推测判断，应该用must have done结构。故答案选B。三、may/ might have done也用于对已经发生过的情况的肯定推测判断，但语气稍弱，意思是“可能，或许”。例如：She didnt get there in time. She may have missed the bus.她没能及时到达那儿。她可能没赶上汽车。He didnt come to school today. He might have been ill.他今天没来上课，他可能病了。巩固练习： 1. Sorry, Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.( 2000春)A. might B. should C. can D. will2. The window was broken. Tom _ have done that, for he was a little naughty. A. could B. might C. should D. ought to3. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she _ something she would regret later. (1996 上海)A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said 答案简析： 这三句表达的都是对过去已经发生过的情况的推测判断，意思是“可能、或许”，应该用may/might have done结构。答案分别选ABD。三、如果对过去情况推测判断的句子是疑问句和否定句，只能用cancould和cant,couldnt。例如：He cant have gone abroad; I saw him an hour ago.他不可能去国外，我一个小时前还见到他呢。- Can he have passed the exam? - No, he cant have. He didnt work hard.他通过考试了吗？不，他不可能通过考试。他学习不努力。巩固练习：1. - There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. - It _ a comfortable journey. （MET95） A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been2. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday, so he _ your lecture. (2002 上海)A. couldnt have attended B. neednt have attendedC. mustnt have attended D. shouldnt have attended3. My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who _ have taken it? (2003 上海春招)A. should B. must C. could D. would 4. I didnt see her in the meeting-room this morning. She _ at the meeting. (1995 上海) A. mustnt have spoken B. shouldnt have spoken C. neednt have spoken D. couldnt have spoken答案简析：1、根据They were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well.一句中的时态，应该是对过去情况的推测判断，因为车上已经有5位人了，在带上我一个，可以断定这一定是一次不舒适的旅行。所以，本句表达的是对过去否定的推测判断，应该用cant/ could have done来表达。故答案选D。2、根据句意“我妹妹昨天在大剧院见过他”，所以，一定是对过去已经发生的否定的判断，答案选A。3、本句表达的是对过去发生过的情况的疑问，所以应该用could have done，答案选C。4、本句表达的是过去已发生情况否定的推测判断，应该用couldnt have done，故答案选D。四、含有must/ may/ might表示对过去情况推测判断的句子，如果变成反意疑问句，反意疑问句中动词应与情态动词must等后的动词形式保持一致，用一般过去时或现在完成时。例如：He must have been living here for years, hasnt he?他一定是在这儿住了好几年了，是吗？You cant have slept well last night, did you?你昨天晚上没睡好，是不是？对已发生的过去情况的推测，若陈述句谓语部分有“must have done”，而且有表示过去的时间状语，问句部分用didnt；若没有表示过去的时间状语，问句部分用havent或hasnt。如： 1)They must have gone there last night,didnt they? 2)They must have arrived by now,havent they?（根据by now来判断） 3)They must have been to the Great Wall,havent they? 巩固练习：1: Great changes must have taken place in the village in the past few years, _ they?A. mustnt B. havent C. cant D. didnt2. He must have lived a happy life a few years ago, _ he?A. didnt B. hasnt C. mustnt D. cant答案简析：1. 含有must表示推测判断的句子，其反意疑问句的动词形式应与must后动词时态保持一致。可以理解成如果不表示推测判断，该句应该说成：Great changes have taken place in the village in the past few year. 变成反意疑问句后应该说成：Great changes have take place in the past few years, havent they? 所以，该题选B。 2. 本句中must后的动词形式应为did，所以，反意疑问句的动词应为didnt。故答案选A。 五、should/ ought to have done表示“本来应该做的，而实际上没有做的事情”，其否定形式则表示“已经做了不该做的事情”，含有责备的意思。例如：The flowers have died. I should have watered them often.这些花儿都死了。我本来应该常给他们浇水的。（其实没浇水）You ought not to have told them the truth.你本不应该告诉他们真相的。（其实你告诉他们了）巩固练习： 1. There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You _ come, but why didnt you? （99 上海）A. must have B. should C. need have D. ought to have2. Oh, I am not feeling well in the stomach, I _ so much fried chicken just now. (2002 上海春)A. shouldnt eat B. mustnt have eaten C. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eat 3. I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word. (NMET 2001)A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave - Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.-You _ her last week. (04 福建)A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told4. Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving（04广西卷）答案简析： 1、 本句的意思是：昨天的聚会很有意思，你本来应该来的，可你为什么没来？表示“本应该做，而实际上没有做的事情”应该用should/ ought to have done。答案D。 2.、本句的意思是：我胃不舒服，我刚才不应该吃那么多油炸鸡。其实你吃了所以应该选C。 3、本句表达的意思是：你不应该一句话没说就离开家。含有责备的意思，做了不应该做的事情，答案选B。六、neednt have done表示“做了本来不必做的事情”，通常不用于肯定句。例如：Its only five minutes walk. We neednt have taken a taxi.只有5分钟的步行路程，我们本不必乘出租车的。It is warm today. You neednt have worn your coat.今天天气暖和，你本来不必穿大衣的。巩固练习：1. He is not poor. You _ have lent him the money.A. cant B. neednt C. couldnt D. mustnt2. There was plenty of time. You _ have hurried.A. wont B. mustnt C. neednt D. couldnt答案简析：1. 该句的意思是：他不穷，你本不必借给他钱。答案选B.2. 该句的意思是：时间充裕着呢，你不必慌忙。答案选C。- Catheri