高中英语定语从句专题(精辟).doc

考点识别：定语从句是高考中的热点及难点，也是必修一、二的重点语法。有关定语从句主要考查：引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的用法；非限制性定语从句的用法。此外，as与which 的区别以及表地点的先行词模糊化是近几年来的考查热点。一、 初步了解定语从句：定语从句和放在一个名词或名词词组（先行词）之后，对先行词起修饰限制的一个句子。定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种，区别是在非限制性定语从句中，先行词与定语从句往往有逗号隔开。定语从句的引导词分为关系代词和关系副词，具体如下： 指人 who (做主语和宾语) whom (做宾语) 关系代词 that (做主语和宾语) whose（做定语） 指物 that (做主语和宾语)引导词 which (做主语和宾语) whose （做定语）关系副词 where (地点状语) 等于“介词+which” in/at which when（时间状语） under/in which why （原因状语） for which二、如何判定用关系代词还是关系副词？ 技巧：1）若定语从句中主语和宾语都齐全，用关系副词，至于用什么关系副词要看先行词。the days 2）若定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物动词，如是，用关系代词，如不是，用关系副词。但是，如果不能确定谓语是不是及物动词，那么就翻译出句子，如果讲得通，证明不缺成分，那么用关系副词，反之，若句子讲不通，证明却成分，则用关系代词。e.g. Do you still remember the days that/which we spent in Qingdao?(缺宾语) 主 谓（另一种方法：定语从句翻译为“我们在青岛度过”，可见讲不通，所以证明却成分） Do you still remember the days when we spent the summer holiday in Qingdao? （不缺成分） 表时间 主 谓 宾 三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中介词的选择。技巧：采用还原法，即把从句补充完整，建立与主句的联系，以便判断这个介词的选用。e.g. China is a beautiful country, of which we are greatly proud.定语从句补充完整为：we are greatly proud of可以看出介词为of三、 定语从句与并列句的区分1.句中有并列连词或者句中有分号，则是并列句，可以用it指代前面的内容。2.句中有逗号，且逗号后面内容是对前面某一名词的补充说明，则用关系代词。e.g. Wang Hong failed in the college entrance examination, which disappointed his mother. (定语从句) Wang Hong failed in the college entrance examination and it disappointed his mother.（有并列连词and，为并列句） Wang Hong failed in the college entrance examination; it disappointed his mother.（有分号，为并列句）此外，定语从句与同位语从句，定语从句与状语从句，定语从句与强调句的区别也很easy. 敬请期待。 四、 as 与 which的区别：1.as引导的定语从句常放于主句前（也就是说放于句首），而which引导的定语从句常放于主句后。e.g. The weather turned to be good, which was more than we could expect. As you know, he is a famous writer. 2. 出现 such ，the same 等词，用as，构成 “such+名词+as, the same +名词+as”结构。e.g. He is such a clever boy as everyone likes him.3. as 常用于“as+ be + known/reported/announced”以及“as it seems , as it often happens, as is often the case”等结构中。e.g. As is expected, she has been absent again.五、只用that不用which的情况1当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some 等不定代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等修饰时。 e.g. (1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said? (2) All that can be done has been done.2. 当先行词被序数词修饰e.g. The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时e.g. This is the best film that I have seen.4. 当形容词被the very, the only修饰时e.g. This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时e.g. Who is the man that is standing there?6. 当先行词既有人，也有物时e.g. Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?六、表地点的先行词模糊化高考试题中对于where 的考查趋于复杂，从先行词为明显的“地点”转化为“模糊的地点”。特别需要记住的几个词： situation, case, stage, point.e.g. They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.六、做定语从句练习题时要注意的几个问题：1. 定语从句的引导词没有what。2.引导词that不能引导非限制性定语从句。3.看准先行词才能选对关系代词。4. whose 在句中做定语，所以whose后一般有个名词或名词词组。e.g. A child whose parents are dead is very poor. 名词5. 1） one of + 复数名词，谓语用单数 2） one of+ 复数名词+ 定语从句，谓语用复数 3） the only +one of +复数名词+ 定语从句，谓语用单数如何记呢？技巧：1）为我们熟悉的；2）句中谓语用复数，因为多加了个句子，所以用复数；3）句中，因为有 the only（唯一），表示单个，所以谓语用单数。 自我演练1. That evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. A. thatB. whichC. whatD. when2. Sales director is position _communication ability is just as important as sales skills. A. which B. that C. when D. where3. When deeply absorbed in work, _ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. that B. which C. where D. when 4. It is the third time that she has won the race, _ has surprised us all.A. that B. where C. which D. what5. By 16:30, _ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.A. which B. when C. what D. that6. We live in an age _ more information is available with greater ease than ever before. A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which 7. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.A. which B. who C. where D. what 8. The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination. A. that B. which C. whose D. what9. Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, _ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A. this B. that C. what D. which10. Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host family.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. as11. The old town has narrow streets and small houses _are built close to each other.A. they B. where C. what D. that12. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _ it will keep for two or three weeks.A. when B. which C. where D. while13. A bank is the place _ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. A. when B. that C. where D. t