四级现在完成时考点分析教师版.docVIP

现在完成时1考点分析。现在完成时除可以和for、since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent years等。下列句型中常用现在完成时It is (has been) + 一段时间 + since从句This(That / It)is the first(second)time that + 完成时This(That / It)is the only + that + 完成时This(that / It)is the best / finest / most interesting + that 从句 + 完成时在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。如：I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better. Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.3. All the preparations for the task _, and were ready to start.A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed解析：答案为D。现在完成时表示过去年做的事对现在的影响。从and were ready to start句意可知，一切准备工作已经就绪，可以开始工作了。complete是及物动词，与句子的主语是被动关系，所以需要用被动语态表达。注意分清complete与主语之间的关系；结合语境选择正确时态。4、在用already, ever, never, yet, just, recently, now, in the past 3 years, since last month, ever since, so far, up to now, this year, for a long time等作状语时，常用现在完成时。More patients _ in hospital this year than last year. A. treated B. have treated C. had been treated D. have been treated题干中含有时间状语this year，同时又与去年比较，所以应该用一般现在或现在完成时；又因patients是treat的行为对象，所以答案是D。5、被 the first time, several times, again and again 等表示次数或重复的状语修饰，所说的又是现在的事情时，用现在完成时（尽管动作行为发生或开始于过去某一时间） The window is dirty. I know. It _ for weeks. A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned 分析：句子中有表时间长度的状语for weeks，又是谈的现在的事，所以答案是D。同时由于主语it（指the window）是动作的对象，所以应该用被动语态。 Do you know our town at all? No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming分析：B是正确答案，现在完成时强调次数。5Its will be the first time that(第一次)。如：Its the first time Ive come here. 这是我第一次来这儿。 Dont forget, itll be the first time Ive spoken in public. 别忘了，这是我第一次在公共场合发言。6、与一般过去时一样，现在完成时所表示的动作也发生在过去。但有两点与一般过去时不同，首先是其行为发生时间的不具体性（一般过去时往往与明确的过去时间状语连用），其次是现在完成时强调与现在情况的关系（一般过去时与现在没联系） The price _, but I doubt whether it will remain so.A. went down B. will go down C. has gone down D. was going down 分析：该题正确答案是C。干扰项主要是 A。物价的涨跌历来为老百姓所关注，怎么能用“与现在情况没联系”的一般过去时呢？该题的语境限制作用非常突出。7、与一般现在时的区别：一般现在时表示的是经常性、习惯性行为；现在完成时表述的是发生在过去但对现在仍有影响的一件具体事情。The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power _ increased enormously ever since.：A. is B. was C. has been D. had been分析：句子中有时间状语ever since，所以答案应该是C。这里的干扰项是A和B。一般现在时表经常性的行为或状态，不能与ever since等段时间状语连用。 _ the sports meet might be put off. Yes, it all depends on the weather.A. Ive been told B. Ive told C. Im told D. I told分析：答案为A。排除语态因素，干扰性最大的是C，但这是一件具体的一次性行为，故C错。8、先行词是最高级形式或被最高级形容词修饰时，定语从句常用现在完成时The is the most moving story that Ive heard about. 9 现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续至今并可能继续下去，常与for或since 等短语连用。The window is dirty. I know. It _ for weeks.A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned该题是根据交际情景中考查动词时态与语态。关键词for weeks，考虑现在完成时，表示到目前为止的结果，好几周不擦了；窗户与擦的关系是被动关系，故被动语态。句意；“窗户很脏了。”“我知道。好几周没有擦了。”注：由终止性或短暂时间动作动词leave, arrive, come, go, return, begin, start, put, stop, start, put, stop, die, fall, buy, borrow, see等构成的完成时不能与for或since引导的时间状语连用。但这些终止性动词的否定式可以与for或since短语连用。如：I havent met him for two years. 10考查现在完成时与一般过去式的区别：一般过去时着重说明动作发生的时间、地点、方式等，与现在不发生联系，且句中一般有表示过去的时间状语；而现在完成时只说明现在的情况，对现在有影响。Where _ the recorder? I cant see it anywhere. I _ it right here. But now its gone.A. did you put; have put B. have you put; put C. had you put; was putting D. were you putting; put11. up to until now(到现在为止)。如：Up to now, the work has been easy. 到现在为止这工作还算容易。I have heard nothing from him up to now. 到现在为止我还没有听到他一点音信。12. in for, during the past last years(在过去年中)。如：In the past two years Ive seen him little. 过去两年我很少见到他。I have been here (for) the last past month. 最近一个月里我都在这儿。【注】在一定的上下文里，若是以过去时间为起点，也可用过去完成时。2命题特点1. 根据特定语境和时态标志考查现在完成时的影响性用法(1) _ you _ him around the museum yet? Yes. We had a great time there. A. Have; shownB. Do; show C. Had; shownD. Did; show【解析】A。根据问句中的yet可知，所谈论的事情发生在最近的过去，且问话者很关心这个过去发生的事情对现在的影响和结果，所以用现在完成时。注意：不要受答语中过去式谓语had的影响而误选C。(2)Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where _ yet.A. hasnt been decidedB. havent decided C. isnt being decidedD. arent decided【解析】A。根据句意，此处应用被动语态，不用主动语态；再根据句末的yet可知，最好用现在完成时。故选A最佳。2. 根据特定语境考查现在完成时的持续性用法(1)Danny _ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.A. worksB. is workingC. has workedD. worked 【解析】C。表示从过去一直持续到现在的一段时间，用现在完成时。(2)Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _ English for a year.)A. studies B. studiedC. is studyingD. has been studying【解析】D。根据句中的现在进行时可排除B，再根据句中的for a year可知此题选现在完成进行时最佳，即选D。注：有时高考还会考查现在完成进行时的用法。如：(3)I have got a headache. No wonder. You _ in front of that computer too long. A. workB. are working C. have been workingD. worked【解析】C。由于在电脑前工作太久，所以导致了现在头痛的结果，故应填现在完成时或现在完成进行时，即答案选C。3. 巩固练习 1I have got a beadache. No wonder. You_in front of that computer too long. A.work B.are workingC.have been workingD.worked 答案:C。本题考查动词现在完成进行时时态的用法。强调动作从过去一直持续到现在，并且还在持续进行。因为该句的语境表示说话者“在计算机前一直工作，时间太长，所以头疼了”。 2 Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _ English for a year.A. studiesB. studied C. is studying D. has been studying 点拨：答案选D。“Cathy is taking notes of”主句是现在进行时表示Cathy正在学校学习，强调该学习动作从过去一直持续到现在，并且还在持续进行一年。因此选用现在完成进行时。 3 I_there little more than a week when I set to work with the scientist. A.would be B.have been C.had been D.will be 点拨：答案C。本题考查动词现在完成时的用法。因为该句的语境强调：“我开始和这科学家来那儿工作不足一周时间”。 4 I got caught in the rain and my suit_A. has ruinedB. had ruined C. has been ruinedD. had been ruined C。根据语境I got caught in the rain，说明我（从过去）遇到了雨，我的衣服已经被雨淋湿。因此，选用现在完成时的被动语态是正确的。 5 When you get the paper back, pay special attention to what _ . Ahave marked B. have been marked Chad marked Dhad been marked 点拨:答案选B。what和mark之间有动宾关系，句意是：拿回试纸时，注意所给的分数。分数是已给在试纸上的，因此选用现在完成时的被动语态。 6 The coffee is wonderful!It doesnt taste like anything I_before. Awas having Bhave Chave ever had Dhad ever had 答案为C。本题考查动词现在完成时态的用法。因为该句表示时间的副词before常常用在现在完成时态的句子中。 7. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy_B_going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet. A. had considered B. has been consideringC. consideredD. is going to consider 8. The construction of the two new railway lines_D_by now. A. has completed B. have completed C. have been completed D. has been completed 9. Customers are asked to make sure that they _B_the right change before leaving the shop. A. will giveB. have been givenC. have givenD. will be given 10. John and I_D_ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we_ each other a couple of times before that. A. had been;have seen B. have been;have seen C. had been;had seen D. have been;had seen 检测和自我评估题；动词的时态与语态(平均每年三个题目)1.-Youve left the light on. -Oh, so I have. _ and turn it off. A.Ill go B.Ive gone C.I go D.Im going2.-How are you today ? -Oh, I _ as ill as I do now for a very long time.)A.didnt feel B.wasnt feeling C.dont feel D.havent felt3.The repoter said that the UFO_ east to west when he saw it. A.was travelling B.travelled C.had been travelling D.was to travel4.As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends. A.separated B.spared C.lost D.missed5.Selecting a mobil phone for personal use is no easy task because technology_ so rapidly.A.is changing B.has changed C.will have changed D.will change6.I_ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new yearA.will play B.have played C.played D.play7.Visitors_ not to touch the exhibits A.will request B.request C.are requesting D.are requested8.-You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it ? -Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you. A.wasnt saying B. dont say C.wont say D. didnt say9. I wonder why Jenny _ us resently. We should have heard from her by now. A.hasnt written B.doesnt write C.wont write D.hadnt written10. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness_.A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown 11. Why dont you put the meat in the fridge? It will _ fresh for several days. A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed12. News reports say peace talks between the two countries _ with no agreement reached.A. have broken down B. have broken out C. have broken in D. have broken up13. Let s keep to the point or we _ any decisions. A. will never reach B. have never reached C. never reach D. never reached14. My mind wasnt on what he was saying so Im afraid I _ half of it. （A. was missing B. had missed C. will miss D. missed15. Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you cant have time to _ before the party.(NMET 2004 28)A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change16. What would you do if it _ tomorrow? -We have to carry it on, since weve got everything ready. A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining17. The heros story _ differently in the newspapers. A. was reported B. was reporting C. reports D. reported18. The coffee is wonderful! It doesnt taste like anything I _ before.（）A. was having B. have C. have ever had D. had ever had解析：1.A最佳 分析:该题命题意图是考查考生在特定的语境中使用正确的时态和情态手段的能力。第一个会话者向对方指出灯还亮着，答语so I have说明第二个会话者承认这一事实。我们根据空白后并列的谓语turn it off的语境可以判断出，最佳答案为A。从现在开始将要发生的动作应用一般将来时Ill go同时涉及到时间关系和说话人的态度（情态）：（1）表示将要去做某事。（2）表示愿意去做某事。本题较易，得分率为71%，区分度很好，为0.424。2.D最佳 分析:该题考查动词时态的实际运用。第一个会话者向对方询问健康状况，由第二个会话者说的for along time这一时间状语可以确定，答语的主句为现在完成时的“未完成”用法，它指开始于过去持续到现在的动作或情况。比较状语从句中的谓语动词do是动词性替代，代替前边的feel ill，是拿现在以前的病情和现在相比。该句的意思是“我好长时间都没有感到病得象现在这样厉害了”，答案选D。例如：I havent studied as hard as do now for three years三年来我学习从来没有象现在这样努力。英美人在实际生活中使用某种时态有时是表达某种态度或感情，又如:I have never read such an exciting novel.我从未看过这样令人激动的小说。 You are always smoking.你总是在抽烟。本题得分率为48%，区分度为0.312。3.A最佳 分析:该题考查动词时态。四个选项均为不同的动词时态形式，由宾语从句中的时间状语when he saw it判断，表示过去某个时刻或时候正在进行的动作应用过去进行时，故答案选A。例如：When Prof. White came into the classroom，the students were doing their homework本题得分率为66%，区分度为0.392。4.A最佳 考查过去分词作表语的用法和习惯搭配。该句是一个含有as引导的时间状语从句的主从复合旬，强调从句动作与主句动作相并发生。主句中get和过去分词连用构成被动语态，强调动作。四个选项都能和got连用构成系表结构，但只有separated能和from相搭配，got separated from意思是“和分离开”，故答案选A。又如：We get separated from our classmates for the moment，but well get together again我们和同学们暂时分开了，但我们还会聚在一起的。5.A最佳 分析:该题考查动词时态。题干为一个含有原因状语从句的主从复合句，主句陈述的情况是一客观事实，原因状语从句强调一直正在进行的动作，故答案为A。又如：Dont turn off the light because I am reading a report now.别关灯，我正在读一篇报导。6.D最佳 分析:该题考查动词时态。but后的并列分句用现在完成时的否定式表示到现在为止未完成的动作，由此可推断出前一个并列分句表示的是经常性或习惯性的动作，须用一般现在时，故答案为D。又如：He swims very well in the river but he hasnt swum recendy。他在河里游得很好，但是他近来却没有游过泳。7.D最佳 分析:该题考查时态和语态。题干所表示的是经常性的动作须用一般现在时，主语是谓语动作的承受者须用被动语态，所