用心辅导中心初升高暑假复习资料.docVIP

用心辅导中心初升高暑假复习资料目 录第一部分 前言第二部分 语法知识点一、 句子成分二、 名词三、 代词四、 冠词五、 形容词、副词比较级六、 动词时态和语态七、 主谓一致八、 定语从句第三部分 语法总复习配套练习题第四部分 提高写作的重要短语第五部分 励志名言篇第六部分 另附配套练习第一部分 前 言同学们：随着中考的结束，你们又开始进入到了一个新的台阶高中！首先恭喜你们！当然了，不管中考给予了我们什么样的一个成绩，那都已成为过去，我们都应该坦然的面对！最重要的是要好好把握现在！毕竟“花开，不是荣耀，而是一个美丽的结束；花落，不是耻辱，而是一个低调的开始”！让我们一起共同努力，为你的高中“保驾护航”吧！同学们也知道，现在高中实行新课改，高中英语教材难度大，内容多，学习进度快。知识内容上“量”的剧增和课外练习、消化的课时相对减少使得很多新生感到不适应。从英语语法角度上看，高中英语语法要求掌握得更加细致，更加系统、深入，同时不断扩展。但是很多同学的学习方法和学习习惯还停留在初中阶段，形成无论如何用功，总出现事倍功半的现象！那么下面我就针对高中英语科的学习给予你们一些建议吧！希望能给你们作些参考和选择！建议1 积累词汇，扩大词汇量同学们平时学习要多积累词汇，比如阅读一些英文版名著或学生英语报刊，平时在日常的生活中多注意周围的事物，遇到有英语标志的词语或句子不妨记住。建议2 注重语法知识整合，理清脉络，系统掌握对于英语语法知识不要“死记硬背”，要掌握一定的语法规则和窍门，打好语法基础，注意那些特殊的语法现象，它们往往是考试的热点和学习的难点。建议3 善于总结学习经验，培养自觉的学习能力，养成良好的学习习惯学会总结成功的学习经验，养成独立自觉学习知识的习惯，掌握知识不能只靠老师课堂上的讲解，应学会通过对文章和句子结构和内容的理解去分析和发现自己不熟悉的语法点，从而使自己的知识系统化。同时，我想说，“良好的开端是成功的一半”，暑期是开始高中英语学习的黄金时期，同学们应该结合高中阶段英语学科知识的特点，找寻一套行之有效的学习方法，以便适应高中新的学习环境和新的挑战，打好坚实的基础。最后，祝同学们假期学习愉快、步步高升！ 用心辅导中心英语组老师 2011年暑假第二部分 一、句 子 成 分要点：英语的基本成分有六种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、宾语（object）、表语（predicative）、定语（attribute）和状语(adverbial)其构成的五种基本句型为：基本句型一： +（不及物动词） （主谓）此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。Eg:1. The sun was shining. 2. The moon rose. 3. The universe remains. 4. The pen writes smoothly基本句型二： + （系动词）+ （主谓表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。 Eg: 1. This is a book.2. The dinner smells good.3. His face turned red.基本句型三： + （及物动词）+ （主谓宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词.Eg: 1. She smiled her thanks.2. He enjoys reading.基本句型四： +(及物动词) +（多指人）+ （多指物） （主谓间宾直宾）此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略 Eg: 1. She ordered herself a new dress.2. He brought you a dictionary.基本句型五： + (及物)+ + （主谓宾宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。Eg: 1. They appointed him manager. 2. They painted the door green.练习题一、用所给的单词组成句子 1to, the, box, 1, want, take, to, room, heavy, the. 2look, things, the, after, boys, their, must. 3here, all, are, you. 4today, who, duty, is, on? 5Miss, them, 3 years ago, Wang, taught, Japanese. 6is, rice, bag, in, there, much, the. 7him, them, to, a, gift, promised, give, 1. 8begins, eight, the, English, at, class, oclock. 二、完成下列句子 1Have you ever been to _ （最远的小岛） 2We must _ our classroom _ .（保持清洁）. 3They _ _ _ _ and _ _ two hours（每二小时，必须坐下休息） 4After work he always _ _ _ _ （感到有点儿累）. 5The doctor _ _ Tom _ _ （非常仔细地做了检查）. 6There is _ _ （有点毛病）with Lindas cats eyes. 7I can see _ _ （没有异常之物）in the tree. 8Mr. Fang is _ _ _ _ （去访问） his aunt. 9Mike _ _ _ his mother _ （得帮妈妈）the washing every Sunday. 三、指出下列句子的主语部分 1Who is the gentleman in the room? 2Who is singing on the plateform? 3What he said is not true.说说你今天的收获吧：二、名 词要点：一、名词的分类：根据用法，名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词两类1.可数名词有单、复数形式的区别。需要掌握规则名词的复数形式的构成。2.名词复数的不规则变化1）child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-miceman-men助数量词 pair(对，双);suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers3）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：a. maths ，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。b. news 是不可数名词。c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book. 4) 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses (眼镜)trousers,clothes若表达具体数目，要借2）单复数同形如：deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters3不可数名词量的表示 可以借助单位词表一定的数量。如：a glass of water 一杯水 a piece of cake 4修饰可数名词的词有：many, few, a few, a number of, 数词 修饰不可数名词的词有：much, little, a little, a great deal of 即可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词的词有：some (any), no, a lot of二、名词的格1.有生命的人、物及其他名词的所有格在词尾加“s”，如the boys bag 男孩的书包2. 凡不能加s的名词，都可以用名词+of +名词的结构来表示所有关系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字 the window of the house 。3. 时间、距离、地域等名词的所有格形式为-s todays newspaper, ten minutes walk the citys problem4. 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：the barbers 理发店 at my aunts (house) go to the doctors . 5. 若名词词尾已有-s ，只加，如：Teachers Day the twins parents, the students books6. 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有s，则表示分别有；只有一个s，则表示共有。 如：Johns and Marys rooms（两间） John and Marys room（一间）7. 双重所有格形式：a novel of Mark Twins a friend of my fathers / mine练习题：1.He was eager to make some extra money, since during these years he could hardly live on his_. A. little wage B. few wage C. wage D. wages2.Most of the houses in the village were burnt to _ during the war.A. an ash B. the ash C. ash D. ashes3.The students at colleges or universities are making _ for the coming New Year.A. many preparations B. much preparation C. preparations D. preparation4.Paiting in _ is one of their spare-time activities.A. oil B. an oil C. oils D. the oil5.In the view of the foreign experts, there wasnt _ oil here.A. much B. lots of C. a great deal of D. many6.The large houses are being painted, but _.A.of great expense B. at a great expense C. in a lot of expenses D. by high expense7.The room was small and contained far too _.A.much new furniture C. much new furnituresB.many new furniture D. many new furnitures8.Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the _.A. rooms number B. room number C. rooms numbers D. room numbers9.Computers can do _work in a short time, but a man can not do _by himself. A great manymany C. mucha great deal B.great deal ofmuch D. manya great many10.She didnt know _ he had been given.A. how many information C. how many informationsB. the number of information D. how much information11.He invited all of his _ to join his wedding party.A. comrade-in-arms C. comrades-in-armB. comrades-in-arms D. comrade-in-arm12.All the _ in the hospital got a rise last month.A. women doctors C. woman doctorsB. women doctor D. woman doctor13.After ten years, all these youngsters became_.A. growns-ups C. growns-upB. grown-up D. grown-ups14.The police investigated those _ about the accident.A. stander-by C. standers-byB. stander-bys D. standers-bys15.The Nazi kept those _ in their concentration camp.A.prisoner-of-wars C. prisoners-of-warB.prisoners-of-wars D. prisoner-of-war说说你今天的收获吧：三、代 词要点：代词是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词和关系代词等一. 人称代词1.人称代词的人称、数和格2.人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语，宾格作宾语。如：二. 物主代词1.表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词2. 形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。例如： Our teacher is coming to see us.Ive already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? （作宾语）3. 名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。 Our school is here, and theirs is there.（作主语）三. 指示代词 指示代词包括：this，that，these，those。 四. 反身代词 英语中用来表示我自己，你自己，他自己，我们自己，你们自己等意义的代词称为反身代词，也有人称之为自身代名词五. 不定代词 不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。如：some, any, no, anther, other, each, every等。注：1. some与any的区别2. few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区别3. other, the other, another, others, the others的区别。4. every与each的区别。5. all和both的用法。六. 相互代词 表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有each other 和one another两种形 式。七. 疑问代词疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。例如：Who is going to come here tomorrow? （作主语）What is that? (作表语)Whom are you waiting for? (作宾语)八.关系代词I hate people who talk much but do little.Im looking at the photograph which you sent me with your letter.With the money that he had saved, he went on with his studies.练习题：一、单项选择1. Tom, Please pass _ the glasses. I want to read the newspapers. A. you B. me C. him D. her2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are _ new words in it. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few3. -You want _ sandwich? -Yes, I usually eat a lot when Im hungry. A. other B. another C. others D. the other4. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than _. A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs5. -Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk? -_, thanks. Id like a cup of tea. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None6. -Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food. -Never mind. You can have _. A. us B. ours C. you D. yours7. -Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning? -_ is OK. Im free today and tomorrow. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None8. -How are you going to improve _ this term? -Work harder than last term. A. ourselves B. myself C. himself D. yourself9. -Could you tell me _ she is looking for? -Her cousin, Susan. A. that B. whose C. who D. which10. -Is _ here? -No. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave. A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody二、用适当的代词填空1. The old man has two sons. One is a worker, _ is a teacher.2. Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running; some like swimming; _ like ball games.3. Lets go and have a drink. Weve got _ time before the train leaves.4. We were all very tired, but _ of us would like to have a rest.5. _ of the twins are in our class.6. Boys, dont touch the machines, or you may hurt _.7. It is said there is going to be _ important in the CCTV news.8. We couldnt buy anything because _ of the shops opened at that time.9. They didnt learn _ new in this lesson.10. -Why is _ easy for such a young girl to learn three foreign languages so well? -Because Britain, Germany and France are all very near _ country.说说你今天的收获吧：四、冠 词要点：1、冠词分类： 英语中冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种,常放在名词的前面,用来限定名词的意义,起泛指或特指的作用。定冠词the，不定冠词a/an。2、不定冠词a / an的用法：不定冠词a / an用在单数名词的前面,a用在辅音开头的词前面; an用在元音开头的词的前面。不定冠词的基本用法：(1) 表示某一个人或东西,但不具体说明何人或何物。如：There is a dog lying 。(2) 表示某类人或事物,以区别于其他种类。如：A elephant is much stronger than a man.(大象比人强壮多了。)(不能译为：一头大象比一个人强壮。)(2) 表示某类人或事物中的任何一个。如：He is a teacher of English.(他是英语教师。)(4) 表示“一”这个数量。如：There is a table and four chairs in that dining-room.3、定冠词the的用法：定冠词the用在可数名词的单数或复数或不可数的名词前面。定冠词的基本用法：(1) 表示特指的人或事物。如：The man with a flower in his hand is Jack.(手上拿着一朵花的男人是杰克)(2) 指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。如：Look at the blackboard,Lily.(莉莉,请看黑板。)(3) 复述前面提到过的人或事物。如：There is a man under the tree. The man is called Robert.(树下有个人, 那个人叫罗伯特。)(4) 表示世界上独一无二的事物。如：The earth turns around the sun.(地球绕太阳旋转。)(5) 用在表示方位的名词前面。如：There will be strong wind to the south of the Yangtze River.(长江以南地 区将会刮大风。)(6) 在序数词和形容词最高级的前面。如：Who is the first one to go?(谁第一个去？) / Of all the stars, the sun is the nearest to the earth.(在所有的恒星之中太阳离地球最近)(7) 常用在乐器名称的前面。如：He began to play the violin at the age of 5.(8) 用在江河、海洋、山脉等名称的前面。如：I have never been to the Himalaya Mountains.(我从来没有去过喜马拉雅山)(9) 用在含有普通名词的专有名词的前面。如：He is from the United States of America.(10)用在姓氏之前表示一家人。如：The Greens are going to Mount Emei next month.(11)same之前一般用the。如：Lucy and Lily look the same.(露西和莉莉看上去长得一样)(12)几个用定冠词的习语：at the same time (与此同时) on the way(在路上)等等。4、一些不用冠词的情况：(1) 专有名词和(第一次使用)一些不可数名词时前面通常不用。如：China is a very large country.(中国是个大国) / Man needs air and water.(人类需要空气和水) (2) 名词前已有指示、物主或不定代词作定语时不用。如：My pen is much more expensive than yours.(我的钢笔比你的昂贵多了)(3) 周名,月名或季节名前一般不用。如：He was born on Monday, February 18,1995.(4) (第一次使用)复数名词表示人或事物的类别时不用。如：Men are cleverer than monkeys.(人比猴子聪明)(5) 三餐饭前不用。如：We have breakfast at home and lunch at school.(6) 节、假日前一般不用。如：Childrens Day (7) 球类名词前不用。如：The children play football on Saturday afternoons.(8) 城市的重要/主要建筑物名称前不用。如：They are now at Peoples Cinema. (9) 一些习惯用语中不用。at / to / from / out of / after / for school; on foot;练习题：1._recent report stated that the number of Spanish speakers in the U.S .would be higher than the number of English speaker by_ year 2090.A. A, the B. A, / C. The ,/ D. The, a2.If you go by _train ,you can have quite a comfortable journey ,but make sure you get _fast one. A. /, / B./, a C. the, a D./,/ 3. It is often said that _teachers have _very easy life. A /,/ B. /,a C. the,/ D. the, a4.I cant remember when exactly the Robinsons left _city ,I only remember it was _ Monday.。A. the , the B. a ,the C. a, a D. the, a5.If you grow up in _large family ,youare more likely to develop _ability to get on well with _others .A. /,an the B. a, the ,/ C. the ,an ,the D. a, the ,the 6.Mrs ,Taylor has _8-year-old daughter who has _gift for painting she has won two national prizes.A. a, a B. an ,the C. an ,a D. th7.Afetr dinner he gave Mr. Richardson _ride to _Capital Airport. A .the, a B. a the C. /, a D. /, the 8.On May 5,2005,at _World Table Tennis Championship ,Kong Ling hui and WangHao won the gold medal in mens with _score of 4:1. A. a ,a B. / the C. a ,/ D. the ,a 9.I knew _John Lennon ,but not _famous one. A. /,a B. a ,the C. /,the D. the, a 10.The book tells _life story of John Smith ,who left _school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16. A. the, the B. a , the C. the./ D. a,/ 11.When you come here for your holiday next time, dont go to _hotel ; I can find you _bed in my flat.A. the ,a B. the,/ C. a ,the D. a,/12.If you buy more than ten, they will knock20pence off_. A. a price B. price C. the price D. prices 13._on-going division between English speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is _major concern of the country.A. The ,/ B. The ,a C. An ,the D. An,/14.When he left _college ,he got a job as _reporter in a newspaper office . A. /, a B/, the C .a the D .the, the15The most important thing about cotton in history is _part that it played in _Industrial Revolution. A. /,/ B. the,/ C. the , the D. a ,the说说你今天的收获吧：五、形容词、副词的比较级要点：1、分类：形容词和副词有原级、比较级和最高级三级。原级变为比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。2、规则变化:(1)单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级的后面加上er,est构成比较级和最高级。a)直接加er,est ：b)以重读闭音节结尾的,要双写最后一个辅音字母,后加er,est：c)以辅音字母+y结尾的,先把y改为i再加上er,est：(2)两个音节或两个以上的音节的,在原级前加more / most.3、不规则变化:如：good(well)betterbest4、形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法：1)讲述某人/物自身的情况时,用原级。基本句型是： 主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 + (very/too/so/quite/rather) + 形容词/副词原级 +. 如：He is very old now.(他现在很老了) / They ran quite fast.(它们跑得相当快) 表示两者之间没有差别时,使用句型： 主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词 + as + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物 +. 如：He is as excited as his younger sister.(他和他妹妹一样兴奋) 表示第一个人比不上第二个人时,使用句型： 主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词(否定式) + as / so + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物+.如：He is not so / as excited as his younger sister.(他没他妹妹那么兴奋) (2) 讲述两者有差异,第一个人物超过第二个人物时,用比较级。基本句型：主语(A)+谓语动词+(much/a little/even/still)+形容词/副词比较级+than+第二个人物(B)+.如：A modern train is much faster than a car.(现代的火车比轿车快多了) 讲述两者有差异,第一个人物不及第二个人物时,用比较级。句型是：主语(A) + 谓语动词 + less+ (多音节形/副)比较级 + than + 第二个人物(B) +. 如：I think English is less difficult than maths.(我认为英语不比数学难)(3)讲述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一个时,用最高级。句型是： 主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 +(the) +形容词/副词最高级 +in / of . 如：The Changjiang River is the longest in China.(长江是中国最长的河流) 4、关于比较等级的重要注释：1. “比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”。如：The weather is getting warmer and warmer.(天越来越温暖了)2.“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越就越”。如：The more trees we plant,the better it will be.(我们栽的树越多,情况就会越好)3. 一般的形容词或副词的比较级前面可以加much/a little/even/still,而表示数量的more之前还可以加some/ any/ no/ one/ two/ many/ several/ a lot等词。如：It is much colder today than yesterday.(今天比昨天冷多了)4. more than / less than分别可以理解为“多于/少于”,相当于副词,more than=over; less than=under.如：I lived in New York for more than four months.(我在纽约生活了四个多月)5. “one of the +最高级+名词(复数)”整个短语为单数含义,谓语要用单数形式。如：One of the oldest houses has been burnt in a fire.(最古老的一幢房子在一场大火中被烧毁了)6. “Which / Who+动词+形/副,or?”句型中,如果有两个选项,形/副用比较级,如果有三个选项,形/副用最高级。如：Who has more books, Lin Tao or Han Mei?(林涛和韩梅谁的书最多？ 7. 上下文中含有both/either/neither/two/twins等表示两个事物的词时,用比较级,而且往往还要加the；含有all/none/no one/ every 等表示三个或三个以上事物时,用最高级。如： -Do you like the smaller one?Neither.(小一点的那个你喜欢吗？一个都不喜欢)练习题：1. This box is_ that one.A. heavy than B. so heavy than C . heavier as D. as heavy as2 When we speak to people, we should be .A. as polite as possible B. as polite as possiblyC. as politely as possible D. as politely as possibly3 This book is_ that one, but_ than that one.A. as difficult as; expensive B. as more difficult as; more expensiveC. as difficult as; more expensive D. more difficult as; as expensive4 I think the story is not so _ as that one.A. interesting B. interested C. more interesting D. most interesting5 His father began to work_ he was seven years old.A. as old as B. as early as C. since D. while6. I think science is _ than Japanese.A. much important B. important C. much more important D. more much important7.This pencil is_ than that one.A. longest B. long C. longer D. as long8 .My mother is no _ young.A. shorter B. longer C. little D. few9. These children are _ this year than they were last y