四种基本时态的用法.docx

现在进行时：be+doing（1） 表示说话时正在进行的动作，常与now连用，有时用look，listen等动词来表示now这一概念。如：Look!The car is coming! Listen! Someone is singing! The children are playing football on the playground now.（2） 表示现阶段正在进行的动作，现在进行时表示的动作不一定是说话时正在进行的动作，而是现阶段正在进行的。此时，常与at present目前，this week这周，these days这几天等时间状语连用。如：What are you studying these days? He is attending a international conference this week. （3）现在进行时可以表示将来时间。表示某个安排或计划好将要进行的动作，或即将开始或结束的动作。这类动词有：arrive、leave、come、land、sleep、fall、return等词。 如：He is meeting the president tomorrow. The train is leaving in ten minutes. The plane is landing in San Francisco on Tuesday morning. John is coming to the party tonight. （4）动词的进行时通常与always、constantly等频率副词连用，表示重复动作，用来表达说话人的不满、厌倦或者赞赏、满意等情绪。 如：It is always raining here.（表达说话人对雨的厌倦情绪） You are always making mistakes.（表达不满情绪） She is always helping others.（表达说话人对这种行为的赞赏）*掌握动词原形变成ing形式的规律。一般现在时：do/does、am/is/are（1） 一般现在时的用法1、 表示事物或人的状态、特征。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 I am a student,and he is a teacher.我是一名学生，他是一名老师。2、 表示经常性的动作。如：I got up at six everyday.我每天六点起床。 He goes to school by bike.他（平时）骑车上学。3、 描述客观真理。如：The Earth goes around the sun.地球围着太阳转。4、 在if-从句中，可用一般现在时表示一般将来时。 如：If it rains tomorrow, the football match will be put off.如果明天下雨，那么球赛就会推迟。时间状语：everyday、every Sunday、at weekends、on weekdays、always、usually、often、sometimes、seldom、never、every Wednesday afternoon、on Sundays、at that time*掌握动词原形变成动词第三人称单数的规律。一般过去时：did、was/were1、表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间连用。 如：I went to the supermarket yesterday morning. She finished the task last night. The old man was a beggar before he found a job.2、表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 My grandfather usually swam in the river when he was 8. I was naughty and my mother often scolded me when I was a little child.3、 时间状语yesterday、last night、last Sunday、last month、the day before yesterday、at the age of 8、an hour ago、a week ago、at that time、just now、以when引导的时间状语从句*背熟不规则动词表、掌握规则动词变成过去式的规律。1.AAA动词原形过去式过去分词costkstcostkstcostkst花费cutktcutktcutkt割，切hurth:thurth:thurth:t受伤hithithithithithit打，撞letletletletletlet让putputputputputput放下readri:dreadri:dreadri:d读setsetsetsetsetset安排，安置spreadspredspreadspredspreadspred展开，传播，涂spitspitspit/spatspitspit/spatspit吐痰,shuttshuttshutt关上, 闭起,停止营业2.ABB动词原形 过去式 过去分词 beatbi:t beatbi:t beatenbi:tn 打败3.ABA动词原形过去式过去分词becomebikmbecamebikeimbecomebikm变comekmcamekeimcomekm来runrnranrnrunrn跑4.ABB（1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d, t或ed构成过去式或过去分词。 动词原形过去式过去分词burnb:nburntb:ntburntb:nt燃烧dealdi:ldealtdeltdealtdelt解决dreamdri:mdreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamtdremt做梦hearhiheardh:dheardh:d听见hanghhanged/ hunghhanged/ hung绞死，悬挂learnl:nlearned/learntl:ntlearned/learntl:nt学习lightlaitlit/lightedlitlit/lightedlit点燃, 照亮meanmi:nmeantmentmeantment意思provepru:vprovedproven/provedpru:vn证明, 证实,试验shineainshone/shinedshone/shinedun, n使照耀，使发光showushowedshowed/shownun展示, 给.看smellsmelsmelled/smeltsmeltsmelled/smeltsmelt闻, 嗅speedspi:dspedsped/speededsped/speededsped加速spellspelspelled/speltspeltspelled/speltspelt拼写wakeweikwaked/wokewukwaked/wokenwukn醒来，叫醒, 激发（2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。 动词原形过去式过去分词buildbildbuiltbiltbuiltbilt建筑lendlendlentlentlentlent借给rebuild,ri:bildrebuilt,ri:biltrebuilt,ri:bilt改建, 重建sendsendsentsentsentsent送spendspendspentspentspentspent花费（3）原形ought ought 动词原形过去式过去分词bringbribroughtbr:tbroughtbr:t带来buybaiboughtb:tboughtb:t买fightfaitfoughtf:tfoughtf:t打架thinkikthought:tthought:t思考,想(4) 原形aught aught动词原形过去式过去分词catchktcaughtk:tcaughtk:t捉,抓teachti:ttaughtt:ttaughtt:t教（5）变其中一个元音字母动词原形过去式过去分词digdidugddugd掘(土), 挖(洞、沟等)feedfi:dfedfedfedfed喂findfaindfoundfound发现，找到getetgottgot/gottentn得到holdhuldheldheldheldheld拥有，握住，支持leadli:dledledledled引导, 带领, 领导meetmi:tmetmetmetmet遇见sitsitsatstsatst坐shootu:tshottshott射击spitspitspit/spatsptspit/spatspt吐痰,stickstikstuckstkstuckstk插进, 刺入, 粘住,winwinwonwnwonwn赢（6）原形lt/pt/ftlt/pt/ft动词原形过去式过去分词feelfi:lfeltfeltfeltfelt感到keepki:pkeptkeptkeptkept保持leaveli:vleftleftleftleft离开sleepsli:psleptsleptsleptslept睡觉sweepswi:psweptsweptsweptswept扫(7)其它动词原形过去式过去分词layleilaidleidlaidleid下蛋, 放置paypeipaidpeidpaidpeid付sayseisaidsedsaidsed说standstndstoodstudstoodstud站understandunderstood,ndstndunderstood,ndstnd明白loselu:zlostlst, l:stlostlst, l:st失去havehvhadhd, hd, dhadhd, hd, d有makemeikmademeidmademeid制造sellselsoldsuldsoldsuld卖tellteltoldtuldtoldtuld告诉retell,ri:telretold,ri:tuldretold,ri:tuld重讲，重复，复述5.ABC（1）原形过去式原形+(e)n动词原形过去式过去分词blowblublewblu:blown吹drive draiv drovedruvdrivendrivn驾驶drawdr:drewdru:drawndr:n画画eati:tateet,eiteateni:tn吃fallf:lFellfelfallenf:ln落下giveivgaveeivgivenivn给growrugrewru:grownrun生长forgivefivforgotftforgiven原谅, 饶恕knownuknewnju:, nu:known知道mistakemisteikmistookmistukmistooken弄错; 误解,overeatuvi:toverate,uvreitovereaten(使)吃过量provepru:vprovedproven/proved证明,证实, 试验taketeiktooktuktakenteikn, teikn拿throwruthrewru:thrownrun, run抛，扔rideraidroderudriddenridn骑seesi:saws:seensi:n看见showushowedshowed/shownun展示writeraitwroterutwrittenritn写（2）原形过去式过去式+(e)n动词原形过去式过去分词breakbreikbrokebrukbrokenbrukn打破choosetu:zchosetuzchosentuzn选择getetgottgot/gottentn得到hidehaidhidhidhiddenhidn隐藏forgetfetforgotftforgottenftn忘记freezefri:zfrozefruzfrozenfruzn冷冻,结冰，感到严寒speakspi:kspokespukspokenspukn说stealsti:lstolestolenstuln偷(3) 变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。ia u 动词原形过去式过去分词beginbiinbeganbinbegunbin开始drinkdrikdrankdrkdrunkdrk喝singsisangssungs唱sinksiksanksksunksk下沉, 沉没swimswimswamswmswumswm游泳ringrirangrrungr打电话（4）其它 动词原形过去式过去分词be(am, is, are)was/ werebeen是bearbboreb:born/borneb:n负担, 忍受dodu:, du:diddiddonedn做flyflaiflewflu:flownflun飞gouwentwentgonen去lielailayleilainlein躺wearwworew:wornw:n穿一般将来时：will/shall+do、be going to do1、 表示将来某一时刻发生的动作或状态。如：Some da