形容词和副词冠词.doc

第六章 形容词和副词1. Mary kept weighing herself to see how much _ she was getting. 【04全国】 A. heavier B. heavy C. the heavier D. the heaviest 2. I dont mind picking up your things from the store. _, the walk will do me good. 【04全国】A. Sooner or later B. Still C. In time D. Besides 3. I must be getting fat - I can _ do my trousers up. 【04全国】 A. fairly B. hardly C. nearly D. seldom4. When we plan our vacation, mother often offers _ suggestions. 【04全国】A. careful B. practical C. effective D. acceptable5. Lizzie was _to see her friend off at the airport.【04全国IV-33】A. a little more than sad B. more than a little sad C. sad snore than a little D. a little more sad than6.If you cant come tomorrow, well_ have to hold the meeting next week.【04全国】A. yet B. even C. rather D. just7. I will never know what was on his mind at the time, nor will_.【04江苏】 A. anyone B. anyone else C. no one D. no one else8. The _house smells as if it hasnt been lived in for years. 【04江苏】A. little white wooden B. little wooden white C. white wooden little D. wooden white little9. _ students are required to take part in the boat race.【04浙江卷】 A. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong youngC. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese10. Everyone was on time for the meeting _ Chris, whos usually ten minutes late for everything. A. but B. only C. even D. yet 【04湖南卷】11. That doesnt sound very frightening, Paul, Ive seen _. What did you like most about the film? A. better B. worse C. best D. worst 【04湖南卷】12. It is _ any wonder that his friend doesnt like watching television much. 【04广东卷】A. no B. such C. nearly D. hardly13. Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasnt always _ much to do. 【04广东卷】A. such B. that C. more D. very14. The great success of this programme has been _ due to the support given by the local businessmen. A. rather B. very C. quickly D. largely 【04广东卷】15The number of people present at the concert was _than expected .There were many tickets left. Amuch smallerBmuch moreCmuch largerDmany more 【04福建卷】16John Smith, a successful businessman, has a car. 【04辽宁卷】Alarge German white Blarge white German Cwhite large German DGerman large white17. Mr. Smith used to smoke but he has given it up. 【04天津卷】A. seriously B. heavily C. badly D. hardly18. The husband gave his wife_ every month in order to please her. 【04重庆卷】A. all half his income B. his half all income C. half his all income D. all his half income19. He speaks English well indeed, but of course not _ a native speaker. 【04上海卷】A. as fluent as B. more fluent than C. so fluently as D. much fluently than20. In _ Chinese culture, marriage decisions were often made by parents for their children. 【04上海卷】A. traditional B. historic C. remote D. initial21. Most people on this island are recreational fishers, and _, fishing forms an actual part of their leisure time. A. accidentally B. purposefully C. obviously D. formally 【04上海卷】22. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was to carry all the way home. 【NMET2003】Amuch too heavy Btoo much heavyCheavy too much Dtoo heavy much23My grandfather is as as a young man and hates sitting around doing nothing all day. 【2003上海】Aenthusiastic Benergetic Ctalkative Dsensitive 27. Our neighbor has _ours. 【2003北京】A.as a big house as B. as big a house as C. the same big house as D. a house the same big as28. Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has_ IQ. 【NMET2002】 A. a high B. a higher C. the higher D. the highest29. Sugar is not an important element in bread, but flour is . 【2002上海】A. unique B. essential C. natural D. adequate30. The secret of his success is that he does everything . 【2002上海】A. efficiently B. curious C. anxiously D. sufficiently31. The shopkeeper gave us weight: we got 9 kilos instead of 10 kilos. 【2002上海】A. scarce B. short C. light D. slight32. All the people _ at the party were his supporters. 【2002北京】 A. present B. thankful C. interested D. important33. It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood_ to her mother. 【2002北京】 A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing34. It is generally believed that teaching is _ it is a science. 【NMET2001】 A. an art much as B. much an art as C. as an art much as D. as much an art as 35. Its always difficult being in a foreign country, _if you dont speak the language. Aextremely Bnaturally Cbasically Despecially【NMET2000】36. _to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. 【NMET2000】ABrave enough students BEnough brave studentsCStudents brave enough DStudents enough brave37. If I had _, Id visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting places. A. a long enough holiday B. an enough long holiday【NMET1998】 C. a holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough41. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard. 【NMET1996】A. the better voice B. a good voice C. the best voiceD. a better voice42. How was your recent visit to Qingdao? 【NMET1995】 It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the days at the seaside. A. few last sunnyB. last few sunny C. last sunny fewD. few sunny last43. Can you believe that in _a rich country there should be _many poor people? A. such; such B. such; so C. so; so D. so; such【NMET1995】44. We all write _, even when theres not much to say. 【MET1994】 A. now and then B. by and by C. step by step D. more or less45. If there were no examinations ,we should have _ at school. 【MET1994】A. the happiest time B. a more happier timeC. much happiest time D. a much happier time1-5. A DBBB 6-10 DBAAC 11-15 BDBDA 16-20 BBACA 21-25 CABCB 26-30 ABBBA31-35 BAADD 36-40 CACDD 41-45 DBBAD第二节 考点归纳形容词、副词是非常重要的词，也是高考常考内容。2005年全国考试说明附录 语法项目表中对形容词、副词考查列了：形容词1）形容词作定语、表语和宾语补足语的用法2）比较等级：原级、比较级、最高级 ；副词：1）时间、地点、方式、程度、疑问、连接、关系等副词的用法2）原级、比较级、最高级。纵观历年高考试题，对形容词、副词的考点主要集中在：形容词副词的等级；功能中的位置（语序）；语义辨析理解等方面。一、形容词、副词的等级(一)形容词/副词的比较级和最高级构成1规则形容词级的构成(略)。2没有比较级和最高级的形容词、副词 有些形容词由于其本身涵义一般不用来比较。如：表示“完全、特别”意义的形容词 final, hopeless, fatherless, matherless, universal, complete, entire, excellent, perfect, thorough, total, whole, full, empty, relative, homeless, harmless, impossible等。表示“极限、主次”意义的形容词 chief, extreme, main, major, basic, primary, first, most, wonderful, 表示“几何形状”的形容词 angular, circle, level, oval, round, square, horizontal, triangle, straight, hollow等。表示“处所、方位、时间”的形容词 ahead, daily, weekly, here, now, present, then, backward, outside, future, once等表示“状态和强调”的形容词 asleep, ashamed, awake, aware, blind, deaf, dead, naked，favorite, hardly, own, simple, very表示“国籍、性质、材料”的形容词 American, atomic, economic, earthen, scientific, woolen, silken, metallic, true, false, illegal, sufficient, mortal表示“独一无二”的形容词 mere, only, single, sole, matchlessjunior等词 junior, senior, inferior, prior没有比较级和最高级，要同to连用，不能和than连用。“most+形容词”可表达一种程度上非常高的特性和品质，表示“非常”或“在很大程度上”，但却 不表示比较，这时most前一般无the。 What he said is most interesting.他说的话有趣极了。Dont you know it is a most important question?难道你不知道这是个很重要的问题吗？（二）形容词比较级和最高级的用法 1二者之间的比较 （1）递增 用于事物二者之间的比较，表示程度上“更高”；常用从属连词than连接。其结构为含有形容词比较级的主句+than引导的从句（其中意义上和主句相同的部分常省去）。 Tom is taller than his deskmate.汤姆比他同桌高。The black car is more expensive than the red one .这辆黑车比那辆红车更贵。 （2）递减用于事物二者之间的比较，表示程度上“更低”；常用从属连词than连接。She is less beautiful than Mary.她不如玛丽漂亮。 （3）同级比较表示程度相等（同）或不相等（同）时，“相等（同）”asas，“不相等（同）”用not so(as)。 asas之间通常用表示数量、程度、性质的词，如many, much, little, few, good, tall, far等。You look as tall as your father.你看上去跟你爸爸一般高。Now Jack isnt driving so fast as he used to.如今杰克开车不如以前那么快了。2修饰比较等级常用的副词形容词和副词的比较等级常可用下列一些词来修饰，表示比较的程度：much, far,by far, even, still, a little, no , a lot, rather, any(用于否定句或疑问句)a great deal等。例如： Im sure youll make still greater progress.我肯定你能取得更大的进步。Therere now a lot more trees on the hills around the village.现在村庄四周的山上树木多多了。3比较级+and+比较级 常用“比较级+and+比较级”来表达“越来越。 His voice got weaker and weaker.他的声音越来越弱。Take some medicine and youll get better and better.吃些药吧，你会越来越好。4 “the+比较级, the+比较级”来表达“越，（就）越”The harder you study, the greater progress youll make.你越努力，进步就越大。5“the +比较级+of the two”来表示“两个中最”表示两者中较突出者，且比较级后又有名词， 这时的比较级前一定要加定冠词the。 如:Joan is the taller of the two girls.琼是这两个女孩中较高的一个。6“more A than B”表示“与其说是B，不如说是A” He is more diligent than clever.与其说他聪明，不如说他勤奋。7表示倍数（1)倍数+形容词 (或副词)的比较级+thanThis rope is twice longer than that one.这根绳的长度是那根绳的三倍。(比那根绳长二倍)（2）倍数+as+形容词(或much)或副词原级+asThis big stone is three times as heavy as that one.这块大石头的重量是那一块的三倍。(这块石头比那块重二倍)（3）倍数+the size(length, width, height)ofThis street is four times the length of that one.这条街是那条街的四倍长。注意：如果形容词是修饰名词的，要把名词放在形容词后面。即：倍数+more+名词 (可数，不可数)+than倍数+as many(或much)+名词+其他+as9“no+比较级+than”表示该形容词的反义词。 He is no richer than a beggar.他穷得像乞丐。10使用比较级要注意的几点：（1）比较的对象必须是属于同一性质(范畴)内的人或物。如:误The weather of Shanghai is finer than Beijing. 这句表达的是上海的天气与北京相比，比较对象不一致。应改为：The weather of Shanghai is finer than that of Beijing.二、形容词的功能（一）作定语1前置定语（1）形容词作定语一般需放在它所修饰的名词之前并尽量靠近被修饰的词。在这种位置上的定语叫前置定语。语序一般为“冠词（或其他限定词）+形容词+名词”。He is an honest boy.他是个诚实的孩子。（2）若有多个形容修饰名词，它们的位置要由它们与被修饰词的密切程度来决定。关系最密切的形容词靠近被修饰词，而关系较远的离被修饰词则相对较远。其排列顺序通常是：（限观形龄色国材）限定词描绘性形容词颜色国籍、地区用途、类别名词。a beautiful young Korean student一位年轻漂亮的朝鲜学生the big new white house那幢又大又新的白房子The boy often wears a beautiful little red hat.那男孩经常戴着一顶漂亮的小红帽。-How was your recent visit to Qingdao?-It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the last few sunny days at the seaside. “你们最近去青岛的旅行怎么样？”“很好。我们拜访了朋友，在海边度过最后几天阳光明媚的日子。”2后置定语（1）作不定代词的定语作不定代词someone, something, somebody; anyone, anything, anybody, everyone, everything everybody; nothing, no one nobody的定语时，定于后置。There is nothing new.没什么新鲜事。She must have met something dangerous.她一定遇上了危险的事。注意：如果上述词作名词表示其他含义时，形容词作定语需前置。Her husband is a real nothing.她丈夫是个微不足道的人。（2）前缀以a-构成的形容词作定语时要求后置。 常见的有afraid, alive, alone, alike, ashamed, asleep, afloat, awake等。The man awake at that time was Mr. Smith.那时醒着的人是史密斯先生。（3）形容词短语作定语时要后置。这些形容词短语多是由 “形容词+介词短语/不定式短语”构成。It is a problem difficult to solve.这是一个难解决的问题。（二）作表语1只能用作表语的形容词大多数形容词可以用作定语或表语，但有些形容词只能用作表语。（1）以“a-”开头的形容词和content, ill, drunk, sure, liable, unable, well等词。She is asleep now.她现在睡着了。The film is worth seeing.电影值得看。（2）有些形容词是以-ly结尾的，我们容易把它们误认为是副词，如lovely(可爱的)，friendly(友好的)，orderly(有序的)，slightly(悦耳的)，motherly(母亲般的)，sisterly(姐妹般的)，brotherly(兄弟般的)。She looks lovely.她看上去很漂亮。 （3）作表语但不用人做主语的形容词 convenient, possible, impossible, probable, necessary, difficult 3. 宾语的补足语形容词作宾语补足语即与宾语一起构成复合宾语，和宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。We keep the lab clean and tidy.我们保持实验室干净、整洁。I thought him very intelligent.我认为他们很勤奋。三、对形容词、副词位置（一）副词1程度副词(1)程度副词一般放在被修饰的动词、形容词或副词的前面，放在to be或第一个助动词和情态动词之后。常用的这类词：just, too, fairly, nearly, awfully, slightly, exactly, perfectly, thoroughly, hardly, almost, quite, extremely, completely, rather等。I can hardly believe what he said.我几乎不相信他说的话。 (2) too(that, this, as, so, how, however)+形容词+a/an+名词Ive never seen that big an apple.我从未见过那么大的苹果。This is too difficult a question.这是一个非常难的问题。2频度副词通常在不需要强调时放在行为动词前，放在to be或第一个助动词和情态动词之后。常用的这类词：ever, rarely, often, sometimes, seldom, never, constantly, frequently, occasionally, always, usually等。 I often saw her walk in the park.我常看见她在公园里散步。3时间副词，尤其是表示具体时间的副词，一般放在句首或句尾 常用的副词：finally, yet, still, now, soon, lately, shortly, then, recently, personally, already, before, early, late, today等。 He will be back tomorrow.他明天回来。Tomorrow he will be back.他明天回来。4enough 在句中的位置当enough修饰形容词或副词时，把enough放在形容词或副词的后面。If I had a long enough holiday Id visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting places.如果我有足够长的假期，我将去欧洲旅行，在所有有趣的地方逗留。I think Im well enough to get back to school.我认为我好了可以返校了。7only 在句中的位置only在句子中的位置非常灵活，常放在与它关系最密切的词前表示强调，不同的位置具有不同的意义。Only I heard of this just now. 刚才只有我听到这件事。(没其它人)I heard of only this just now. 刚才我只听到这件事。(没听到别的事)I heard of this only just now. 我只是在刚才才听到这件事。(强调时间)四、易混的形容词、副词及短语1too +形容词（或副词）+ to do sth的用法 (1) too +形容词（或副词）+ to do sth，具有否定的意义，表示“太不能，太不会” Its too late for us to catch the train.太晚了，我们赶不上火车了。 She is too careless to notice it.她太粗心了，不可能注意到那一点。 （2）too +形容词（或副词）+ to do sth表示肯定概念 如果too前面有only, all, not, but, never, simply, just等词时，too后面的词是eager, anxious, pleased, kind, willing, apt, ready, inclined, glad, quick,等词时，该句型表示肯定概念。在用法上，too和extremely, very同义。He is too ready to promise.他总是轻易许诺。2more than, less than及其两种不同否定形式(1)more than表示“多于”。 We have learned more than 3,000English words by far.到目前为止我们已学了三千多个英语单词。(2)no more than 和not more than分别表示“只不过”(only)和“不多于”。 Therere no more than 12 tickets left for your group.还剩下不过十二张票给你们小组。He is no more clever than his father.他并不比他父亲聪明多少。（意指他和他爸爸一样不聪明）The computer is not more expensive than a colour TV set.电脑不比彩电贵。(3)less than表示“少于”。 They managed to complete the hall in less than ten months.他们在不到十个月时间内就建成了大会堂。(4）no less than和not less than则分别表示“不亚于”和“不少于”。 He spends no less than five hours on English every day .每天他花在英语上的时间有5小时之多。There were not less than 2,000 people present at the meeting.到会的至少有两千人。3late；later；latest；latter；lastlate（晚），later、latest指时间上的较迟、最近；latter、last指顺序上的后者、最后。4farther, farthest far（远）等形容词或副词的比较级和最高级有两种不同形式，但分别表达两种不同意义。farther指距离上更远、最远；而further、furthest指抽象意义上的更进一步、最远。指距离时可以互换。7not so much A as B和more A than B (1)not so much A as Bnot so much A as B是部分否定结构，意为“与其说是A,不如说是B”。 James is not so much a writer as a reporter.詹姆士与其说是作家，不如说是记者。 (2) more A than Bmore A than B是部分否定结构，意为“与其说是B,不如说是A”。 He is more brave than wise.他有勇无谋。8 at(the) most, almost, mostly；nearlyat(the)most表示“最多，至多”；mostly表示 “主要地，多半地，通常”almost表示“几乎，差一点就，差不多，将近”与nearly相似。在表示程度或可以衡量的事物时，两者差别不大，只是almost在程度上比nearly更接近一些，感情色彩更浓，nearly则更客观。almost表示 “接近”，在肯定句中可与nearly互换，两者都可用在all，every，always之前，或行为动词的否定式前。若不是表示程度或可衡量的事，就只能用almost；在more than，too，no，none，nothing等词之前，就只能用almost，而nearly不可;almost之前不可用not，而nearly则可以。9、no longer/not.any longer; no more/not.any more这几种结构都表示“不再”的意思，但其侧重点和用法均有很大区别:not.any longer/no longer侧重于时间关系，意为“不再长久”。多用于现在时，即拿现在的情况与过去相比。其谓语动词通常用延续性动词，多位于句中。no more/not.any more侧重于数量关系，意为“不再多”。多用在将来时中，是拿今后和现在比，表示以后怎么样。其谓语动词通常用终止性动词，多位于句末。any more/no more可以作主语、宾语而any longer/no longer不能。11. sometimes; some times; sometime; some time（1）sometimes是副词，表示“有时，不时”，通常用作状语。（2）some times是副词性短语，表示“几次，数次”，在句中作状语。（3）sometime是副词，表示将来的时间或过去某个时刻，用以指某一确定的短暂时间，在句中作状语。 （4）some time是副词性短语，表示一段时间或一些时候，在句中作时间状语(也可用作名词词组)。12high; highly（1）high作副词解意为“高”。指具体的高度。（2）highly是副词，意为“高度地；非常；极”。指抽象行为。13、altogether; all together(1) altogether(= in all; completely)是副词，意为“总之；总共；完全地；全然”（2）all together是个副词性短语，意为“一起”，意指一个群体中的每一位。第七章 冠词真题精析1._ recent report stated that the number of Spanish speakers in the U.S. would be higher than the number of English speakers by _ year 2090. 【05北京春考】A.A; theB. A; 不填C.The; 不填D. The; a2. If you buy more than ten, they knock 20 pence off _.【04全国】 A. a price B. price C. the price D. prices3.- John, there is_ Mr. Wilson on the phone for you. -Im inbath. 【04全国】A.a; the B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. the; 不填4. Tom owns _larger collection of _ books than any other student in our class. 【04江苏】A. the; 不填 B. a; 不填 C. a; the D. 不填; the5. The Wilsons live in _ A-shaped house near the coast. It is _ 17th century cottage. 【04浙江卷】 A. the , / B. an, the C. /, the D. an, a6. For a long time they walked without saying _ word. Jim was the first to break _silence. A. the; a B. a; the C. a; 不填 D. the; 不填【04湖南卷】7. While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made _ discovery which completely changed _ mans understanding of colour. 【04广东卷】A. a不填 B. athe C. 不填the D. thea8It is _world of wonders, world where anything can happen. 【04福建卷】Aa ;the Ba; a Cthe ; aD不填；不填9When you finish reading the book， you will have better understanding of life. Aa; the Bthe; a C不填; the Da; 不填 【04辽宁卷】10. When he left college, he got a job as reporter in a newspaper office. 【04天津卷】A. 不填；a B. 不填；the C. a; the D. the; the11. The most important thing about cotton in history is_ part that it played in _Industrial Revolution. A. 不填；不填 B. the；不填 C. the; the D. a; the 【04重庆卷】12._ on-going division between English-speaking Canadians and French-speakingCanadians is _ major concern of the country.【04北京】A.The; 不填B. The; aC.An; the D. An; 不填13. When you come here for your holiday next time, dont go to _ hotel; I can find you_bed in my flat. A. the; a B. the; 不填 C. a; the D. a