网易公开课：立大志笔记整理.doc

第一讲：社会网络的神奇力量观点：Ever dot is a person. Every line between them is the relationship between two people, and here we colored the dots according to how happy people are. So yellow dots are happy people and blue dots are sad people and green dots are in between. If you look at this image you probably can see there are clusters of happy and unhappy people in the network. These clusters turns out to spread to about three degrees of separation. 通过对本课题研究，将社会网络比作石墨和钻石，其实每个原子都一样是碳，最后宏观的性能完全不同是由于其排列组合的结构不同，即网络化networking结构不同。关键词：social networks社会网络 clusters聚类birds of a feather flock together物以类聚 contagion传播 induction诱导 mechanism机制 social systems 社会系统 physiology 生理机能 density密度 indistinguishable难区分的句子：In fact overall, I believed wed involved to form social networks and particular kinds of social networks because of the benefits of connected life are weighed the costs.第二讲：刺激干细胞人类发展生物学简介观点：The first is that they can self-renew. They can exact copy of themselves. So one cell divides to make two and they are identical to their mother cell. But under certain circumstances given the right signals these cells can also specialized to make the brain the bone, the blood, the muscle all the cell of the body.我们通过对转基因食物产生的信号刺激干细胞研究，考虑到其对个人健康及全球健康的影响 关键词：stem cell干细胞 plant植物 animal动物 stimulating stem cells 有目的刺激干细胞 biology生物学 pancreas胰脏 underlying muscular下颚肌肉 high-density muscle无脂肪高密度肌肉 inhibiter抑制器 nerve cells神经元细胞 genetically modified foods转基因食物 genetically modify melon转基因甜瓜句子：Your body makes over a hundred billion blood cells per day. 第三讲：全世界减肥观点：The first is that really is not about how overweight you are or how obese you are its really your energy balance.为了健康我们首要考虑膳食平衡，继续提供优秀的医疗，教育，在我们无法改变自己的时候，不得不去改变我们生存的环境。关键词：obesity肥胖 exercise运动 chronic problem慢性征兆 energy imbalance能量不均衡 maintaining维持 reproducing繁殖 Type 2 Diabetes2型糖尿病 sterilization杀菌 industrious food工业制造食物 high blood pressure高血压句子：Since we cannot change our biology, we need to change our environments.第四讲：混乱，游戏和确定性延迟观点：To be helping people learn not standing in telling people what you know. The key as I have seen is the aim for putting learners directly in touch with the subject matter not with words about the subject matter. Its not a matter of mediating between the subject matter and the learners it is not a matter of telling them how they think about it. But keeping learner directly in touch with the subject matter itself. The subject matte becomes the authority.引导孩子们自我探究能力，挖掘个人潜力，自己去洞悉周围世界 关键词：responsibility责任感 democratic commitments民主承诺 education教育 poetry诗歌 rhyme押韵 points观点 use of the language语言的运用 mirrors镜子 perseverance努力 engrossing引人入胜 fascinating及其美妙句子：More and more time for the examination less and less time to learn.More and more simple write answer less and less complexity.More and more intellectual orthodoxy less and less diversity as assigned here.第五讲：行动起来，敢于正视观点：AS members of the tribe what will you do to resist injustice born of dehumanization? When someone pulls you water were you look at that person in the eyes?不得无视与他人的联系，沉醉于高度自我中，改变偏见，崇尚和平和谐。行动起来，正视一切。关键词：render无视 maximum security prison最高防备监狱 trialed审判 sweet pocket毛衣口袋 gun枪 shot射 razor剃刀 handcuffs手铐 human rights crisis人权危机 democratic spirit民主精神句子：I focus on acting big and daring to see.第六讲：第二届Think Big论坛开场介绍观点：十位哈佛学者，没人演讲限制在10分钟内，震撼心灵。关键词：courses课程 focus on焦点 academic学术 contributed to贡献 create frameworks创造思想框架 miracle神奇 escaping逃离 ivory towel象牙塔 promise承诺 morality道德句子：Is the big ideas that matter to the word that change the way think.第七讲：公民观点：A republic maam if you can keep it, a republic a representative democracy a democracy to be dependent upon the people alone. We have lost that republic you need to act to get it back. “在美国政治体系中，金钱已经成为选举的王牌，最高法院认可企业有权利用雄厚的经济实力来支持有利于它经营的候选人和政策”。“失灵政体”还体现在美国政治的“极化”，即党派激烈对抗导致“否决政治”和“治理瘫痪”。对民主最大的挑战既不是来自上面也不是来自下面，而是来自内部，来自选民自身。个人觉得投资者左右了国会，于是人民缺失民主，那些有钱人就是问题根源，真的不明觉厉。关键词：The independence democratic独立民主 dependence依附性 corrupt腐化 flattery阿谀奉承 republic of China共和国 constitutions宪法 judiciary司法 government政府 law法律 trust信任句子：There are a thousand hacking at the branches of evil to one who is striking at the roots root strikers.第八讲：在音乐中体会时间观点：Music has the ability to teach you about your life, that you pay careful attention to its unfolding to the detail if the sound to its counter-point and your attempt to experience time in music.音乐使用三维空间中感知的方式将它演凑出去，并将它传递到二维空间去呈现给大家。让我们学会聆听，聆听那些随着时间逝去的声音。 关键词：music音乐 sound in time时间中的声音 surrounding air消失在空气 reception操作 counter point交锋点 duality二元性 mathematic数学工具 stillness安静 quietness静谧句子：Music equals sound over time.9第九讲：观点：Joshua Greene教授用短短十分钟时间解释了公平正义，帮我们看清到的边界，五命对一命的电车难题有了生物学的解释。10美与正义竟然有着相同的释义，二者究竟有什么联系。Elaine Scarry教授让我们对这两个词有另外一个层次的认识。11. 眼睛是心灵的窗户，学术界也难得有如此诗意共鸣。随着科学技术的发展，人类的眼睛已经变成了显微镜，而看到的也变成了微小的细胞世界。我们需要再一次确定从眼睛到思维的途径。12. 革命要成功，人民必须需要上街，大家要团结在一起，通过直接的城市层面的行动，迫使政改发生。在拥有各种科技，全球化的今天，世界各地可以轻松地进行跨地区电信交流，这个时候，人们更加需要聚集在一起，从美国较老的城市衰退以后又复兴起来，源于新理念和全球化。最重要和密度最大的信息，是通过面对面交流传递的。沟通是人类的基本技能，因为距离的拉近，才促成了我们的交流。城市也会通过人们之间的交流和学习发生变化，效率才会提高。同时，城市的转型也包括城市会以致富机遇吸引穷人，城市里的贫穷其实是城镇化的象征。当然了，据调查发现，城市绿化比郊区和农村的绿化还要好，其实，城市也是很环保的。13. 这个视频主要介绍了关于一名哈佛历史教授如何走出象牙塔的经历。1952年-1960年，在肯尼亚出现了拘留营，拘留营是反叛乱行动的一个重要部分，是英国人镇压库鲁族，镇压暴动的一个工具。英国人说这样做是为了挽救肯尼亚不自绝于文明。政府当时的言辞是拘留人数是七到八万人，拘留营是一个相当良性的体系，是为了改造人的。经过教授多方调查，证据显示，接近150万人被拘留，那里有各种各样的酷刑和强制劳动等，都是制度的问题。 人被剥夺去人性，成为社会中的非人类，这些事实都被掩盖和粉饰。这时，伦敦的人权律师需要教授去当案件的证人，她左右为难，这本来只是做了应该做的事情。好多人不解。我们应该懂得，人必须具有道德责任感，为了逃出象牙塔，我们必须要打磨好我们内心的指南针，不知去向的时候，让指南针来指引我们前进。14. 专家早期说，没有全球变暖的证据。后来说有证据了，但变暖不是认为造成的，后来又说是人为造成的，但是效果微乎其乎。人类的大脑是唯一可以预见未来的东西。人类会自然而然的对威胁做出反应，可是为什么没有处理好全球变暖呢。因为我们的大脑自然而然的将所有威胁同一对待。没有引起我们警觉的原因第一是这个事件不是故意的，第二是没有违反我们的道德良知，第三是远期的威胁。有人说它进程很慢，其实全球变暖已经很快了，我们应该给予高度关注。15. 生物学让我们认识到，当我们密切关注对方时，我们之间的联系会十分深刻。16. 在生命的旅程中，有好的地方，也有坏的地方，他们数目大致相当，一方面是：诚实勇敢成功，另一方面是平穷，懒惰，耻辱。尝试是人类的天性，历史则是一部问题的编年史，而生命游戏的历史，则包括了关于人生思考的历程。人生意味着基督教徒获得救赎的旅程，从婴儿开始，你的目标就是走向死亡。单词9.phenomena spreading germs ideas emotions depends preferential attachment contagion10.stimulating cells the science of human development biology maintained constantly self-renew11. biology farming industrious massive cereals diseases sterilization medicine education12.respon democratic commitment social justice orthodoxy visions nevertheless dignity confusion13.structural dissertation conventional detained forced imagine warriors detention containers disinfectant massive burst14. democracy threads recognize dignity manifestation probation parole companies military incarcerated15. industries garments urban temperatures infrastructure glides structures metropolitan Metropolitan tremendous16.chronicle fortune depression virtue pursuit paychecks dropout wagons minivans speedboats grubby incredibly shamelessly amoral conscious remotely句子9.So perhaps while our moral emotions are instincts and guide reactions may get the right answer most of the time.When were dealing with complex modern problens.Maybe it is time for us to put ourselves put moral brains in manual mode and stop reluing so much on pointed issue morality.10.Anything therefore,which put us in touch with our powers of creation is itself a contribution to the ongoing aspiration for justice.1111.So ultimately,if we think about what we need to do,when we communicate ideas,whenwe teach,what we need to remember is that to see something is the begin to understand it and that ultimately science is not purely an abstraction science is something where we need to reaffirm that pathway from the eye to the mind.12.Which that new technologies,globalization.The ability to effortlessly telecommunicate across the world is making cities more not less important.In part its,because this closeness enable us to communicate.But the most intense things the most important things are communicated face to face.13.In order to escape the Tvory Tower,you have to develop your own internal compass and at that moment where you are not sure what to do and how to get out.Pull it out and use it.14.The fact is that we accept changes that happen slowly,but we will never accept if they happen quickly.Many environmentalists say global warming is happening too fast.No,it is too slowly.It is happening not near quickly enough to get our attention.15.Studing the prospect for pluralism is the work in pluralism project and Iinvite you to join us,but the large project the pluralism is the work of all of us,in the cities and nations,the business,he non-profits,the school,the homes that all of us would create that is the work of all of us and these are the great challenges.16.Faith in eternity,faith in money.Faith in mow what.Twist and turns is the endless,aimless game of liberal maternity.How does life begin?What does it mean?What happens?When you are dead?You choose.That is the past.This is the present.This is you.What is the future?第十七讲：统计之魂单词Selection Bias in Statistics选择偏倚Regression Towards the Mean趋均数回归the Conditional Golden Rule条件黄金法则observe观察 obvious显然actually事实 survive幸存 statistical涉及retrospect想法statistically结论句子It is a pretty simple ider in retrospect but ,easy to miss if you are not thinking statistically so that ia an example od what is called .文章观点首先他举例谈到了统计中的一种被称为“选择偏倚”（Selection Bias in Statistics）的研究方法，接下来他直言条件作用（Conditioning）就是“统计之魂”，并进一步由 此而谈到了“趋均数回归”（Regression Towards the Mean） 。最后，布利茨斯坦教授基于个人的教学 和研究经验而提出了“条件黄金法则”（the Conditional Golden Rule）这一观点。18礼仪与人文单词Argument讨论 particular特殊 period时期enbarrassed不好意思 generation时代formed organize组织 political政治 rational善良 the end of history历史的终结句子I think it captured the sense of the age ,which was that history in the sense of radically new ideas ,we basically had solved the promble . 文章观点We shoud either try to preserve or question ,but either way take for granted there are other radically diffent ways of doing it and no one is going to pte give this world to you as something that is somehow the proper way of doing anything ,if you now question everything take for granted that our nice little tradentity narrative is almost assuredly absuredl wrong.教授假设了一百年后发生的场景，从历史学家的角度分析他那一代人的行事作风、人性特征及 其塑造的世界，一章一章地书写着那段历史；并告诫后人不要安于现状、步其后尘，而要不断创新、 接受新事物，从而拯救旧世界并续写新的历史。 19. 哈弗深谋远虑单词formula公式 algorithm表述 physical contraption物理装置 supreme resource 宝贵资源characterized特征 capital资本 technology技术 cooperation 竞争competition合作句子We have not yet learned how to repeat in the established forms of economic organization throughout much of history people have been compelled to act as if they were machines.文章观点To come into the fuller possession of life we must break out of the mummy.the real thing is now,when no one has to do work, we shall be closer to achieving what we shoud all desire which is to die only once.昂格教授描述了理想的人与机器间的关联，以及在这种关联下的一种新的生产模式。随后针对对于这 种生产模式的两种异议，教授对之进行了辩驳。演讲最后，教授表达了世界来自于创造和想象这一理 念，呼吁大家挣脱传统思想的束缚，勇于实验和改进，以充分发挥人类自身的潜力。20、哺乳动物为什么要哺乳单词Behavioral行为nutritious diet营养饮食development发展 infant作用sugars糖 proteins蛋白质 muscles肌肉Hormones荷尔蒙 factors氨基素mammals原因incredible不可思议句子Assistant professor of human evolutionary biology ,in the HEB department including HEB 1500 building babies ,her research variation in the composition of mothers milk.文章观点Mother milk has all the fatty acids to build your brain the sugars you need to fuel it the proteins fou your muscles the minerals fou youe bones.It has amino factors, Hormones,vitamins exactly when you need it and it ia made just for you specifically is why mammals ,suck its mother is milk.It perspective that really tells us why milk is so inceredibly awesome. 人类进化生物学助理教授 凯蒂海因德从母乳的重要性着手，介绍了母乳的重要性及其研究现状,，她认为母乳喂养可以预防肥胖症的发展，可以阻止婴儿感染逆转录酶病毒与其他类腹泻。可以杀死艾滋病毒，呼吁人们关注母乳喂养。21、与死人对话 单词 Identity身份classical antiquity经典古风 incredible coll酷毙了 glorious伟大 glorious辉煌emotional distance年代距离imagine想象 stuck fortunately幸运 unfortunately不幸mummies木乃伊句子Latin is a language,as dead as dead can be It killed off all the Romans and now;it is killing me 。文中观点The World