英语第一册after-classreading重点.doc

英语After-Class Reading重点Unit1I. Phrases and Expressions1.havein common (与)有共同之处 The twins have a lot in common. /I dont think we have anything in common.2.out of style 不再流行 That kind of clothes is out of style now. /Why not try on some others in style?3.set fire to something /set something on fire 使燃烧，点燃Who set the house on fire? Or: Who set fire to the house?4.somebody happen to do something 某人碰巧做某事He happened to overhear that news when he passed the window.5.be oneself (人)处于正常状态,显得自然真诚,自然地行事 When he was talking with the headmaster, he was not quite himself. 当他与校长谈话时，他的神态显得很不正常。 Dont be nervous， be yourself. 别紧张，自然一点6. drag ones feet 拖拖拉拉，行动迟缓If you keep dragging your feet, I will not help you any more. 如果你总是拖拖拉拉，我就再也不帮助你了。7. drop by 顺便或偶然的访问If you are free, please drop by my home for a cup of tea. drop across偶然遇见drop in (on somebody)顺便探访某人 drop into 1)跌入, 落入,偶然进入(某地) 2)不知不觉地进入(某种状态),不知不觉地养成了(某种习惯) drop to下降到,跌到drop off睡觉drop out退出,(中、小学生)中途退学,脱离,不参与8. keep up with 跟上,不落后,赶上keep on 继续,保持 keep up 继续,坚持,维持keep back 阻止，阻挡,隐瞒，保留 keep off 避开,不接近 He just kept on writing./ He can keep nothing back from his friends. /If this rain keeps up, the garden will be ruined. 如果这雨继续下，花园就完蛋了. 9.let alone 至于. 更不必说，更别提let someone/something alone 别管，别搅扰 start over 重新开始，从头做起Your composition is not well written, please start over again. II. Sentence Structure 1.It seems （to somebody） that . （就某人而言），似乎/好像。It seems to me that neighbors are going out of style in American. / It seems that you were lying. 2. so + a./ad. that. 太 以至于 。One big beautiful home with a family so rich that they really arent part of the neighborhood. She described the events so graphically that I could almost see them.“她把那些事件描述得活灵活现,我几乎象是能够亲眼目睹了。” 3.Somebody takes some time to do something /It takes somebody some time to do something. 某人花费时间做某事 It took me 4 hours to drive from here to Edingburgh. 4. .倍数的表达方式： 主语+谓语+ 倍数+as +形容词/副词+as +比较物+其它。 The output of coal in 1979 was six times as much as that of 1972. 1979年煤矿的产量是1972年的六倍/比1972年增加了五倍。 5. .too(a./ad.)+to do sth 太 以至于不能够 注：有时候可表示肯定，too= very, extremely “很，非常”。这种情况下句子的主语多为人，too后所接的形容词或副词多表示“乐意、愿意、容易”。Beginners are too apt to overlook such grammatical errors.初学者很容易忽视这些语法错误。 III. Language Points 1.The religious teaching to “Love Thy Neighbor”was probably a poor translation of what must have originally been “Respect Thy Neighbour” 此句中的“poor”在此表示“不好地，蹩脚的，粗劣的”，另外在不同上下文中还可表示“贫穷的”，“贫瘠的，缺乏的”，“可怜的”，“健康不佳的”等。 e.g. a poor nation, poor soil, a poor fellow, poor health.“must have done something”表示对过去发生事情的肯定推测。另外 “might/may have done something”。肯定程度“mustmaymight He must have learned that story when he was very young. 2. Love doesnt exist just because we want it to.爱不会因为我们希望有爱而存在。 该句中的否定词“not”实际上是否定后边because引导的从句。这种否定转移有时可造成歧义，如“She didnt marry John because she loved him.”可产生两种解释：a. 由于爱约翰，她没有与他结婚（她已患病不久于人世）。b. 她嫁给约翰并不是因为她爱他（而是因为她爱他的钱）。 3.It sometimes happens, but the chances are very small that your neighbors will be your choices as friends. 该句中的“chances”在此表示的是一种可能性，常与表示“有、无”概念的词一起用，如，Youd have more chances of catching the train if you got a bus to the station instead of walking.如果你不走路，而是搭公共汽车到车站，较有可能赶上火车。另外There is a good/no/a slim chance that .很有可能/没有可能/只有很小的可能 4. No matter what age we are, all of us appreciate the support and help which friends give us. “no matter”后接某些疑问代词或疑问副词引导让步状语从句。相当于将其变为由“wh-词+ever”引导的从句。 Wh-词有who, whom, whose, what, which, where, when, how等。可译为“无论”。 e.g. However/No matter how hard I tried, I couldnt catch up with them.6.She is someone who will listen and make me feel understood the next time I may feel sad or worried for no apparent reason. 名词词组the next time, the first time, every timer, any time, the moment, the instant, the year等表达时间的名词可作连词用，直接引导时间状语从句。e.g.Last time I saw him, he looked ill. He was reading a book the moment I came in. 7.It was almost as if Id lost the ability to say hello. as if /as though 引导的方式状语从句或表语从句常用虚拟语气。表示与事实相反。8. A new job, a new city, an expensive apartment made me be friends with people Id never had said hello to otherwise. 1)句中“otherwise” 意为“ if I had not changed my job or the place I lived in.” 2)它与“Id never had said hello to”共同构成与过去相反的虚拟句，作先行词“people”的定语从句。9. It really doesnt take that much time, or that much effort to share the gift of making friends. 该句中的“that”是一个副词，相当于“so”e.g. I was that hungry I could have eaten a horse. 我饿得简直可以吃下一匹马。U41.You need to have a good self-image so you can turn what seems like defeat into a positive learning situation. 你必须对自己有信心，这样你才能把可能的挫折转变成对学习有利的局面。what引导宾语从句。2. Take a minor point and read as much as possible about it in order to become an expert in just that little bit of information. 选出一个小的知识点,尽可能多地阅读相关的内容,使自己成为这一小部分知识的专家。3. 在“It is + adj. + that从句”句型中,当形容词为important, necessary, essential, vital, advisable,strange, natural等时,that从句中谓语动词有时用虚拟语气(谓语动词用原形),多数出现在正式文体中。 It is important that you be aware of where you can go for help. 重要的是,你得知道从哪儿可以得到帮助。4. Attending classes and arriving