课文部分重难点讲解.doc

unit 6课文部分重难点讲解第六单元侦探小说重点难点1. Why are you dressed like that, Eddied? 埃迪，为什么你穿成那样？2. Im a detective. 我是一个侦探。detective用作名词，意为“侦探”。如： He is a private detective. 他是一名私人侦探。His father is a detective. 他父亲是一位侦探。detective用作形容词，意为“侦探的”。如： My brother likes reading detective novels. 我弟弟喜欢看侦探小说。Have you seen that detective film? 你看过地部侦探片了吗？detect用作动词，意为“侦察”“侦查（罪案等）”“察觉”。如： This police officers job is to detect fraud. 这位警官负责侦查欺诈案。Mr. Green said that detecting the murder was his duty. 格式先生说侦查这起谋杀案是他的责任。Can you detect any change in the room? 你发现房间里有什么变化吗？3. No, this is much more serious. 不，这要严重多。serious用作形容词，意为“庄重的”“严肃的”。如： He looks very serious. 他看上去非常庄重。I want to have a serious talk with you. 我要和你严肃地谈一下。He was serious about his future. 他很认真地面对未来。serious用作形容词，意为“重大的”“危险的”。如： The mistake is not very serious. 错误并不十分严重。That is a serious problem. 那是个重大的问题。He has a serous illness. 他患了重病。seriously用作副词，意为“严重地”“严肃地”“认真地”。如： Three people were seriously injured in the accident. 在那事故中有三人严重受伤。His mother is seriously ill. 他妈妈病得很重。Its time you started to think seriously about the future. 是认真考虑你前途的时候了。Dont look at me so seriously. 别那样一本正经地看着我。4. My food has gone missing. 我的食物不见了。go可用作连系动词，意为“变成”“处于状态”，后接形容词，而且多指不好的变化。如： The food has gone bad. 食物变质了。I cant understand how I went wrong. 我搞不清是怎么走错路的。His face went red with anger. 他气得满脸通红。What can be done in order to make sure that no one in the world goes hungry? 为了确保世界上没有人挨饿，人们可以做些什么呢？look是表示感觉的连系动词，意为“看不去、看起来”。用作连系动词，后面接形容词做表语。如： He looks quite strong. 他看起来很强壮。She looked very upset when she heard that she had failed the exam. 听到考试不及格时，她看起来很难过。He looks very happy today. 他今天看上去很开心。【注】与look类似的还有sound, smell, taste, feel，这几个词都可表示某一事物给人的感觉怎样。如：Your answer doesnt sound right. 你的回答听起来不大对。The meat smells bad(terrible). 这肉变味了。Your forehead feels hot. 你的前额摸上去有点热。The dishes my mother cooks taste delicious. 我妈妈烧的菜味道很好。His idea sounds strange, but think it over and you will find it reasonable. 他的想法听起来奇怪，但仔细一想，你会发现它很有道理。The material feels soft like silk. 这料子摸上去像丝绸一样柔软。become, get, grow, turn, 等也作连系动词，意思多为“转变”“变得”，后接形容词，一般指逐渐变化的过程。如： He became sad when he heard the news. 听到这消息，他变得很伤心。They never knew that the population problem would become so serious. 他们根本不知道人口问题会变得这么严重。Hurry up! Its getting dark. 快点，天就要黑了。The days get shorter and the nights get longer. 白昼变短了，而夜晚变长了。The more they though about it, the angrier they grew. 他们越想越气愤。Leaves turn brown in autumn. 树叶到秋天就变黄了。He turned pale at the thought of the matter. 想到这件事情，他脸色变得苍白。5. missing的用法6. Many people like to read detective stories because they are exciting. 许多人喜欢看侦探小说因为这些故事刺激。excited表示“兴奋的”“激动的”，它在句中作表语，通常指人的感觉，许多时候与介词about和at连用。如： What are you so excited about? 什么事使你这么激动？The boy is excited about/at the football match. 男孩对这场足球赛感到非常兴奋。He was very excited about / at finding such big bird eggs.他对找到如此大的鸟蛋感到很兴奋。exciting也为形容词，意为“令人激动的”“令人兴奋的”，它在句中多作定语或表语，常指事物的情况。如： What exciting news it is! 这是多么振奋人心的消息呀！Ive never seen such an exciting match before! 以前我从没见过如此激动人心的比赛。I found her too excited to say a word. 我发现她激动得说不出话来。It was exciting to talk to her. 和她交谈是一件令人兴奋的事。7. Read the detectives report and his notes on the suspects. 读一下侦探有关犯罪嫌疑人的报告和笔记。report用作名词，意为“报告”“报导”“汇报”。如： He made a report on the problem. 他对这个问题作了报导。Her report was very interesting. 她作的报告非常有趣。I will write a report this evening. 今晚我要写一个报告。Did you watch the news report of the accident? 你看了那次事故的报道了吗？report用作动词，意为“报告”“报道”“传达”“汇报”。如： All accidents must be reported to the police. 所有的意外事故都要报告警方。Some people reported having seeing the boy. 有几个人说曾经见过那个男孩。The event wasnt reported in the newspaper. 这事件没有在报纸上报道。Ill report to you if he comes back. 他回来的话，我就向你报告。It is reported that意为“据报道”。如： It is reported that the number of the tigers is increasing. 据报道，老虎的数量在增加。It is reported that the murderer has been caught. 据报道，那个凶手已经抓到。【注】It is said that意为“据说”。如：It is said that he has come back from England. 据说他从英国回来了。It is said that he has passed the driving test. 据说他通过了驾驶考试。8. note的用法note用作名词，意为“笔记”“记录”“便条”“纸币”等。如： You must listen to the teacher carefully and take notes in class. 在课堂上，你必须认真听老师讲，并记好笔记。I should look at my notes. 我得看看我的笔记。I left a not to him to tell him to attend the meeting in afternoon. 我留下一张便条叫他下午来开会。She said that she would send him five ten-pound notes. 她说她将给他寄去五张十磅的钞票。You must learn to make(take) notes in class. 你必须学会在课堂上记笔记。note用作动词，意为“记下”“写下”“注意”。如： The policeman noted the drivers name and address.警察记下了司机的名字和地址。Drivers must note road signs. 司机必须注意看路标。Please note that the book must be returned in a week. 请注意这本书必须在一周内归还。9. We have four suspects. 我们有四名嫌疑人。suspect和作可数名词，意为“嫌疑犯”。如： When the man was found dead, the police caught two suspects. 当发现那人死后，警察抓住了两名嫌疑犯。He is one of the suspects. 他是嫌疑犯中的一个。suspect用作动词，意为“怀疑”“猜想”。如： Do you suspect me? 你怀疑我吗？He suspected me of taking his money. 他怀疑我拿他的钱。I suspect him to be a pickpocket. 我猜想他是个扒手。10. height的用法height用作名词，意为“高度”“身高”。如： What is the height of the mountain? 这山有多高？He is two meters in height. 他身高二米。The aircraft was flying at a height of 2,000 feet. 飞机在2000英尺的高空飞行。11. Police have confirmed that the victim was a computer programmer. 经警察确认受害者是一位计算机程序员。 confirm用作动词，意为“证实”“证明（报告，意见等）的正确性”。如： The report was later confirmed. 后来，这份报告得到了证实。Please send an E-mail to confirm your arrival date. 请发一封电子邮件确认一下你的抵达日期。When asked, she confirmed that she was going to retire. 有人问她时，她肯定了她将要退休。Our teacher confirmed that little Tom had been ill in hospital 3 days before. 我们的班主任已经证实小汤姆三天前就生病住院了。His illness confirmed my suspicions. 他的生病证明了我的猜疑属实。12. He was last seen leaving his office in New Town at about 7 p.m. 人们最后一次看见他大概是在下午7点他离开新镇办公室的时候。动词leave除表示“离开”以外，还有以下几种用法。leave用作动词，意为“留下”“丢下”。如： Better take off your shoes and leave them outside. 最好把鞋子脱掉，放在外面。He left his umbrella in the train. 他把伞忘在火车上了。leave表示“剩下”，大多情况下用作被动语态或过去分词形式。如： In the past no trees were left in or around the village. In the past there were no trees left in or around the village. 过去这个村里及周围没剩下一棵树。Ive got three tickets left for tonights film. 今晚的电影票我有三张多余的。Is there any water left in the thermos. 热水瓶里还有水吗？Twenty dollars of income a week doesnt leave much for saving. 每周20美元的收入剩不了多少可以攒的。leave用作动词，表示“使(处于某种状态之中)”，接宾语宾语补足语。如： Leave the door open when you go out. 出去时，不要关门。His illness left him very weak. 他生病以后，身体很虚弱。Those men covered their faces with a piece of black cloth, leaving only their eyes exposed. 那些人用一块黑布遮住脸，只露出他们的眼睛。We left her standing there happy and excited. 我们让她一个人站在那儿，她显得既愉快又兴奋。【注】我们说leave作“遗忘”解时通常带一个地点状语或时间状语，这是因为缺了状语句子意思不能完整。如：She left the book. 一句意思显然不明确，非得说She left the book in my room the other day. 意思才完整。13. The police believe that the murder took place between 9 p.m and 1 a.m last night. 警察确信这起凶杀案发生于昨晚9点到凌晨1点之间。believe的用法见Unit 214. take place的用法 请参见Unit 4 15. They are not sure whether the victim was killed somewhere else and then dumped in Valley Town, or killed at the place where he was found. 他们怀疑被害人是否被害于别的什么地方然后移尸到峡谷镇还是被害于现场。 whether用作连词，表示“是否”，有疑问的含义。一般情况下whether和if可以互换，都可放在ask, know, see, learn, understand, wonder等词的后面引导宾语从句。但在以下几种情况中通常只能用whether。如：whether用在介词后的宾语从句中。如： It depends on whether hes ready. 这取决于他是否准备好了。Im not interested in whether youll come or not. 你来不来我都不感兴趣。whether与or not连用。间或也可用ifor not。如： I couldnt decide whether or not to go to the party. 我不能决定是否参加晚会。I wonder whether Ill catch the last bus or not. 我不知道能否赶得上末班公共汽车。whether从句在句首时，不能用if。如： Whether you see her or not, phone me later. 无论你是否看见她，过后打电话给我。Whether it is good or not, I cant say. 我说不上这是好还是不好。whether引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时，不能用if。如： Whether hell come is very important. 他是否会来非常重要。The question is whether they will arrive on time. 问题是他们会不会准时到来。The question whether we should go there must be decided then. 我们是否应该去那儿这个问题必须迅速作出决定。whether与不定式连用时，不能用if。如： Please tell me whether to close the window. 请告诉我是否要关窗户。He doesnt know whether to stay at his uncles. 他不知道是否该留在叔叔家。16. else的用法 参见Unit 117. contact的用法contact用作动词，意为“联系”“联络”“接触”。如： Where can I contact you tomorrow? 明天我在哪里跟你联系？Please tell me how I can contact you. 告诉我怎样与你联系。contact用作名词，意为“联系”“联络”“接触”，相当于touch，常与介词with连用。如： Have you been in contact with him these days? 你近来与他联系过吗？Ill try to get in contact with him tomorrow. 明天我将设法与他取得联络。You should keep in contact with him. 你应该与他保持联系。18. Valley Towns top detective峡谷镇最好的侦探top用作形容词，意为“最高的”“杰出的”“第一位的”“最好的”。如： He is a top student in our class. 他是我们班上尖子学生。He lives on the top floor. 他住在顶层。Dont drive at top speed. 不要以最高时速开车。He won the prize as a top director. 他获得了最佳导演奖。Have you read the top news in todays newspaper? 你看了今天报纸上的头条新闻了吗？top作名词用，意为“顶”“顶部”“上部”“顶盖”“顶点”。如： There is a tower at the top of the hill. 山顶上有一座塔。The top of a table is red. 一张桌子的桌面是红色的。Please read Line 9 from the top. 请看正数第9行。The bottle top is broken. 瓶盖坏了。Its comfortable to sit in a carriage without a top. 坐无篷的马车很舒服。Please take the top of the table. 请坐上座。The government tops will hold an important meeting tomorrow. 政府高级官员明天要开重要的会议。The top of the crop only makes up 30%。收成中最好的部分仅占30%。19. We are particularly interested in hearing from anyone who saw anything unusual near Upper Street. 我们还特别想向昨晚在阿佩尔街附近看到任何可疑之处的人了解情况。 particularly的用法参见Unit 520. Detective Lu said that the victim was attacked with a knife and bled to death as a result. 约翰侦探说受害者是遭到了刀的袭击，因而流血致死。attack用作及物动词，意为“攻击”“（疾病等）侵袭”。如： The wolves attacked the villages yesterday. 昨天狼群攻击了村民。His remarks were attacked in the newspaper. 他的言论在报纸上受到抨击。This disease attacks most crops. 这种疾病侵袭了大部分庄稼。He is easy to be attacked with a disease. 他很容易生病。attack用作不及物动词，表示“攻击”。如： They will attack next month. 他们将于下个月进攻。The enemy attacked at night. 敌军在夜间发起攻击。attack用作名词，意为“攻击”“进攻”“(疾病等)侵袭”。如： They made a surprise attack and seized the city. 他们突然袭击并占领了那座城市。He had a heart attack last night. 昨天夜里他心脏病突发。21. as a result的用法 参见Unit 422. There was also evidence of a struggle. 还有博斗痕迹。evidence用作不可数名词，意为“证明”“证据”“证词”。如： An important piece of evidence has been found. 发现了一条重要证据。There is some evidence to suggest that he was there on the night she was murdered. 有一些证据证明她被谋杀当晚他在现场。Running away was evidence of his guilt. 他逃走就证明了他是有罪的。Her statement to the police was used in evidence against him. 她向警察所作的口供，成了指控他的证据。evidence还要作“形迹”“迹象”“征兆”解。如： There is evidence of his having slept here. 这儿有他睡过的迹象。There was no evidence of a struggle in the room. 房间里找不出博斗的痕迹。in evidence意为“显眼”。如： The police were much in evidence whenever the President made a public appearance. 每当总统在公开场合露面时，到处都可以看到警察。Her red hair was much in evidence in the crowd. 她那一头红发在人群中格外醒目。Hes the sort of man who likes to be very much in evidence at important meetings. 他是非常喜欢在重大会议上出风头的那种人。23. struggle的用法struggle用作名词，意为“争斗”“费劲”。如： Dont give up without a struggle. 不要没有经过努力就放弃。There people were hurt in the struggle. 有三人在这场争斗中受伤。It was a struggle for her to make him understand. 她费了好大劲才使他理解。With a struggle, she controlled her feelings. 她竭力控制住自己的感情。struggle作为不及物动词，意思是“艰难地进行，挣扎着”。如： She struggled and struggled, but could not get on her feet. 她拼命挣扎着，却无法站稳。The chick finally broke through the shell and struggled out. 小鸡终于破开蛋壳，挣扎着钻了出来。The old granny struggled against the snowstorm to the hospital. 老奶奶在暴风雪中艰难地向医院走去。struggle作为不及物动词，意思是“(与某人)争斗，博斗，打斗”，常与with或for连用。如： The shopkeeper struggled with the thief. 店主与窃贼搏斗起来。The couple first quarreled and later they even struggled. 那对夫妇先是争吵，后来竞争打了起来。He has been struggling with illness for many years. 他与疾病搏斗了好多年。We should struggle for our ideal. 我们应该为理想奋斗。The two leaders are struggling for power. 那两个人正在争夺权力。fight的原义是“打仗，战斗”，也可引申为一般的“斗争”，指力图战胜某人或某事物。fight可作及物动词用，意思是“和作战(作斗争，打)”；fight可作不及物动词用，其后跟against, with, for等介词引起的短语。fight for表示“为战争(斗争、奋斗)”；fight against表示“为反对而斗争，和作斗争”；fight with表示“和斗争”(此时相当于)，还有“和在一起战斗”的意思。如： We are fighting for peace. 我们在为和平而战斗。Thy fought with the Italians in the last war and against them in this. 在上次大战中他们和意大利人一起作战，而在这次战争中却和他们进行战斗。24. “The victim obviously put up a good fight,” said Detective Lu. “很明显，受害者进行了殊死搏斗，”约翰侦探说。obviously用作副词，意为“明显地”“显然地”“清楚地”，相当于clearly。如： Obviously he can tell the difference between them. 显然他无法区别两者之间的不同。The girl kept shouting and crying, obviously mad. 那女孩不停地哭喊，显然是疯了。Obviously, you didnt read it. 你明显没有读过它。obvious用作形容词，意为“明显的”“清楚的”“显而易见的”。如： Its quite obvious that he is lying. 很明显他是在撒谎。It is obvious that he was killed. 显然他是被杀死的。It is quite obvious that he didnt do it himself. 显然他没有亲自去做。25. put up的用法put up意为“(在战斗、比赛中)进行(抵抗、斗争等)”“进行反抗”，常用于put up a fight短语。如： They surrendered without putting up much of a fight. 他们没怎么抵抗就投降了。In the end he was arrested without putting up much of a fight. 最后他没有经过多少反抗就被捕了。The old lady put up a fight / struggle against her attacker. 那位老妇奋力反抗袭击她的人。The thief was caught without putting up of a fight. 那小偷没有进行反抗就被抓了。put up是固定短语，意思是“建造”“建成”“搭建”。如： A modern hospital was put up last year in my hometown. 去年，我家乡建造了一座现代化的医院。They put up many tall building last year.他们去年盖了许多高楼。A paper factory has been put up in my home town. 我的家乡建立了一家造纸厂。We must put up a shed here. 我们必须在家搭个棚子。put up是固定短语，意思是“升起或举起事物”。如： Put up your hand if you want to ask a question. 若要提问题就把手举起来。She has put her hair up. 她把头发挽在头上。Every Monday morning all the students collect on the playground to put up the national flag. 每周一早晨所有的学生集中在操场上升国旗。Put up your hand if you come up with an idea. 如果你想到了办法就举手。put up还要表示“向某人提供食宿；获得食宿安排，暂住”的意思。如： We can put you up for the night. 我们可以招待你过夜。Will the school put up the students? 学校为学生提供食宿吗？That night we put up in a peasants home. 那一夜我们住在一位农民家。put up可用来表示“挂起，张贴”。如： A new notice has been put up. 已经贴出来一张新的通告。He took down the old picture and put up the new one. 他把旧画拿了下来，挂上一幅新画。Why not write a note and put it up on the tree? 为什么不写张纸条张贴在树上呢？put on可用来表示“穿上(衣服)”“上演(戏剧)”。如： He put on his coat and hat and went out. 他穿上大衣，戴上帽子出去了。She put on her glasses and began to read the letter. 她戴上眼镜，读起信来。Has the play been put on at this theater? 这个剧院上演过那部剧吗？What do you think of the play put on by the students? 你觉得学生演出的那出戏怎么样?put on可用来表示“伸出”“扑灭”。如： He put on his hand in welcome. 他伸出手表示欢迎。The doctor asked the boy to put his tongue out. 医生叫孩子把舌头伸出来。She put the light out and went to sleep. 她关上灯睡觉了。The fire was put out soon after it broke out. 大火烧起来不久就被扑灭了。put away表示“收起来”“保存”。如： Lets put our Christmas Sins away and keep them a while. 我们还是把圣诞礼物暂时保存起来吧。Dont forget to put those old painting away. 别忘了把那些旧画收起来。Put away you coats in summer. 夏天时把大衣收起来。put off表示“推迟”。如： The meeting has been put off because of the rain. 大会因大雨而延期举行。put ones heart into表示“全神贯注于”。如： You can do anything well if you put your heart into it. 如果你全身心地投入，你什么都能做好。He put his heart into his work and didnt notice me. 他全神贯注地工作着，并没有注意到我。put的其他常见用法。如： Its time to put an end to the meeting. 会议结束的时间到了。Im sorry to put you to so much trouble. 给你添了这么多麻烦，实在抱歉。The murderer was put to death. 那杀人犯被处决了。Put the baby to bed when it is asleep. 孩子睡着了就送他上床。I may have been wrong but put yourself in my place. 我也许错了，但你设身处地替我想一想。26. It is possible that there was more than one attacker. 凶手可能不止一个人。more than与数词连用，意为“多于”“大于”“超过”，相当于over。如： I have known him for more than twenty years. 我认识他已超过二十年了。More than ten policeman turned up at the spot where the accident happened. 十多位警察出现在出事地点。There were more than 100 people at the party. 有100多人参加了聚会。I have been there more than once. 我不止一次去过那儿了。There are more than fifty students in our class. 我们班上有五十多位学生。more than意为“不只是”“不仅仅是”“远不止”，相当于not only，后面跟名词。如： Kate was more than a teacher. She also did what she could to take care of her pupils. 凯特不仅仅是位教师，她还尽其所能照顾她的学生。Tom and Jack are more than classmates. They are close friends. 汤姆和杰克远不止是同班同学，他们是知心朋友。She was much more than a friend to me. 对我而言，她远远不止是个朋友。more than意为“非常”“十分”常用来修饰形容词和分词，相当于very。如： When I asked them for help, they were more than glad to come. 当我向他们求助时，他们非常乐意地来了。They were more than happy to see us come back from the expedition. 看到我们远征而归，他们异常高兴。no more than意为“仅仅”“只有”“只是”，相当于only或just，后接名词或数词。如： All his education added up to no more than one year. 他接受的所有的学校教育只有一年。Their new flat has no more than 60 square metres. 他们的新居只有60平方米。Its no more than a guess. 这只不过是猜测而已。He ate no more than a piece of bread for breakfast. 他早餐仅吃了一块面包。not more than意为“至多”“不超过”，相当于at most。如： Lying on the ground was a peasant boy of not more than seventeen. 躺在地上的那个农家男孩最多十七岁。There are not more than ten apples on the table. 桌子上至多有十个苹果。Not more than ten students can answer this question. 不超过十个学生回答这个问题。no morethan，意为“两者同样不”“与一样不”，用于程度上的比较，其作用相当于neithernor。如： Jack is no more diligent than John. 杰克和约翰谁都不勤奋。This novel is no more interesting than that one. 这本小说和那本小说都没趣。He is no more a good player than I am. 他和我一样都不是好球员。I am no more satisfied than she is. 我和她一样不满意。He can not speak French any more than I can. 他不会说法语，我也不会。not morethan意为“不及”“不如”，强调前者不比后者更。如： She is not more beautiful than Mary. 她不比玛丽漂亮。She was not more pleased