上外全新版大学英语第四册课件_1

BR_main,1. Story of Juanita Brooks,2. Background Information,Before Reading,3. Warm-up Exercises,Listen to the Story,Questions about the Story,Ryzsard Kapuscinski,Pluralism,Multiculturalism,Los Angeles Population,Pacific Rim,A Nation of Immigration,Warm-up Questions,Group Work,BR1_listen,Listen to the Story,II,BR1_Questions-1,The school principal offered to keep her biracial background secret.,Questions about the Story,1. What happened when Juanita Brooks applied for a job more than 50 years ago?,BR1_Questions-2,It was a method of counting people of mixed-race heritage. According to the rule, a person with any “ascertainable“ amount of “negro“ blood was considered black.,Questions about the Story,2. What is the so-called “one-drop” rule?,BR1_Questions-3,Changes in federal guidelines for collecting statistics, allowing people to identify themselves as of more than one race.,Questions about the Story,3. What changes enabled Juanita Brooks to claim to be both black and white?,BR1_Questions-4,Questions about the Story,4. Is the story related to the theme of the unit the multicultural society? How?,BR2_Ryzsard Kapuscinski,Ryzsard Kapuscinski,II,Born in 1932 in eastern Poland, Ryszard Kapuscinski has spent most of the post World War II years reporting on war and revolution in Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America. He has written a trilogy (三部剧) on dictators that covers Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia, Idi Amin of Uganda, and the last Shah of Iran. Being away from the United States frequently and being acquainted with social, ethnic, and racial conflicts in many cultures has given Kapuscinski a broader perspective on the social pressures facing the United States in the future. In this essay, commissioned (被委任) by The New Perspectives Quarterly (季刊), Kapuscinski finds the changing composition of the American melting pot not a source of social problems but a sign of positive future and of the continuing vitality (活力) of the democratic experiment represented by the people and the government of the United States.,BR2_ Pluralism-1,Pluralism,II,Pluralism refers to the acceptance of many different groups in society or many different schools of thought in an intellectual or cultural discipline (学科).,BR2_ Pluralism-2,Pluralism,II,BR2_ Multiculturalism-1,Multiculturalism,II,BR2_ Multiculturalism-2,Multiculturalism,II,BR2_Los Angeles Population -1,Los Angeles Population,the 1990s, although at a slower pace. The population was 3,694,820 in 2000. The Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area reached a population of 9,519,338 in 2000. The larger five-county consolidated metropolitan area reached 16,373,645 people.,Los Angeles population expanded rapidly during the 1980s as immigration from Asia and Latin America, especially Mexico, boomed and the city continued to draw people from other parts of the country. The population increased from,2,966,850 in 1980 to 3,485,398 in 1990.The growth continued in,BR2_Los Angeles Population -2,Los Angeles Population,According to the 2000 census, whites are 46.9 percent of the population, blacks 11.2 percent, Asians 10 percent, Native Americans 0.8 percent, Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders 0.2 percent, and people of mixed heritage or not reporting ethnicity 30.9 percent.,BR2_Los Angeles Population -3,Los Angeles Population,Hispanics of Mexican heritage formed the largest ethnic group in Los Angeles in the 1990s. The next largest Hispanic group were Salvadorans, many of whom moved to the city to escape political turmoil in El Salvador. Blacks, at 415,000 in 2000, are the second largest minority in Los Angeles. Blacks began to migrate to Los Angeles in large numbers during the economic boom of World War II (1939-1945), lured to the city by good jobs available in war-production plants. Asians have been immigrating to California since the middle of the 19th century, and many of them have made homes in Los Angeles. In the 1990s the largest groups among those of Asian heritage were Filipino, Korean, Chinese, and Japanese. According to the 1990 census, 38 percent of the citys residents were born outside the United States.,BR2_Pacific Rim,Pacific Rim,II,BR2_A Nation of Immigration,A Nation of Immigration,Although the United States has been shaped by successive waves of immigrants, Americans have often viewed immigration as a problem. Established Americans often look down on new immigrants. The cultural habits of immigrants are frequently targets of,criticism, especially when the new arrivals come from a different country than those in the established community. Despite such tensions, economic needs have always forced Americans to seek immigrants as laborers and settlers, and economic opportunities have beckoned foreigners. The vast majority of immigrants to the United States have come in search of jobs and the chance to create a better life for themselves and their families. In all of American history, less than 10 percent of immigrants have come for political or religious reasons.,II,BR2_A Nation of Immigration-2,A Nation of Immigration,Economic immigrants from Europe, Asia, and Latin America have come to the United States voluntarily. Others, most notably African Americans, were involuntarily transported to North America to do forced labor or to be sold as slaves. Regardless of the reasons they come to the United States, new immigrants typically work,in menial, labor-intensive, low-paying, and dangerous jobs occupations that most other Americans shun (避开, 避免). They are often treated with disdain (轻蔑) until they assimilate that is, adopt the mainstream American culture established by earlier immigrants.,II,BR2_A Nation of Immigration-3,A Nation of Immigration,Although immigrants are expected to absorb the beliefs and standards of the dominant society, most immigrant groups try to maintain their own cultural heritage, language, and religious practices. Some groups, such as the Huguenots (French Protestants), who immigrated during the colonial period, assimilated within one or two generations. Others, such as the German and Irish immigrants of the 19th century, still maintain some aspects of their traditional cultures.,II,BR2_A Nation of Immigration-4,A Nation of Immigration,II,BR3-Questions-1,Warm-up Questions,1. What is a collage?,It is a form of art in which various materials such as photographs and pieces of paper or fabric are arranged and stuck to a backing or a composition made in this way. It also means a combination or collection of various things. For example: The experimental play is a collage of sudden scene shifts, long monologues, musical interludes, and slapsticks.,BR3-Questions-2,Warm-up Questions,2. The title of Text A is America as a Collage. How can a nation be a collage?,3. Why do you think America can be regarded as a collage?,BR3-Group Work,Group Work,1. Make a collage out of newspaper clippings, magazine pictures, cartoons, your own drawings, etc. out of class. The collage should represent the United States as you each see it.,2. Form groups in class to show each other your individual collages, and then explain why you chose certain images to represent the U.S.,GR-main,Global Reading,1. True or False,3. Further Understanding,2. Part Division of the Text,For Part 1,For Parts 2&3,Blank Filling,Table Completion,Los Angeles is mentioned as a premonition of the new Pacific civilization because its residents of diverse racial and cultural origins make it a closer link with the Third World and Asia than with Europe.,F,GR1_1,True or False,By “a new Pacific civilization”, the author means the nations of the Pacific Rim, including America, become one nation with diverse cultures.,The author means all the cultures of the Pacific Rim fuse with each other to create a new civilization of openness and pluralism.,( ),T,( ),1.,2.,At the beginning of the 21st century, the majority of the American population will be dark-skinned.,F,GR1_2,True or False,In Los Angeles, in large communities of the Third World cultures, people all speak English.,In Los Angeles, in large communities of the Third World cultures, people speak different languages.,( ),3.,4.,F,At the beginning of the 21st century, the majority of the world population will be dark-skinned.,( ),In Los Angeles, the new relationship between the development and underdevelopment is cooperation and construction.,5.,T,( ),In Los Angeles, the Third World cultures have to adjust their traditional concept of time.,Immigrants are attracted to America mainly for the better living standard.,T,GR1_3,True or False,( ),6.,7.,F,Immigrants are attracted to America mainly for the chance to try.,( ),GR2,Part Division of the Text,Part,Lines,Main Ideas,1,2,127,28103,America is not declining, but is in the process of creating a new collage-like civilization.,Los Angeles is a good example of such a collage.,3,104120,There is something in America that acts as “glue” to piece different parts together to make the American collage: the chance to try.,fuse with the pacific,America is not in decline because Signs of decline are surely found in America. But the first and most enduring impression of America is And if you compare America with you will know what is “in decline”. Although Paul Kennedy believed that in my opinion, however, America may not. Instead, it will,regions which are paralyzed and incapable of any,many other,GR3_part1,Blank Filling,dynamism, energy, aggressiveness and forward,movement,improvement,America must inevitably follow historical precedent to fall,_ _,culture to create a kind of vast pacific collage,GR3_part2&3,Table Completion,Los Angeles symbolizes a new civilization. Other things of symbolic value are listed below. Now write down what they stand for.,Things of Symbolic Value,Standing For,Los Angeles,a new civilization,A PC company in Orange County,a fusion of Third World cultures with the most modern mentalities and technologies,A person born in Los Angeles (according to Jos Vasconcelos),a citizen of the world,America in the eyes of immigrants,a place where you always have a chance to try,Article1_S,America as a Collage,The mere fact that America still attracts millions of people is evidence that it is not in decline. People arent attracted to a place of decline. Signs of decline are sure to be found in a place as complex as,America: debt, crime, the homeless, drugs, dropouts. But the main characteristic of America, the first and most enduring impression, is dynamism, energy, aggressiveness, forward movement.,Article1_w,America as a Collage,The mere fact that America still attracts millions of people is evidence that it is not in decline. People arent attracted to a place of decline. Signs of decline are sure to be found in a place as complex as,America: debt, crime, the homeless, drugs, dropouts. But the main characteristic of America, the first and most enduring impression, is dynamism, energy, aggressiveness, forward movement.,Article1_w_in decline-1,America as a Collage,The mere fact that America still attracts millions of people is evidence that it is not in decline. People arent attracted to a place of decline. Signs of decline are sure to be found in a place as complex as,America: debt, crime, the homeless, drugs, dropouts. But the main characteristic of America, the first and most enduring impression, is dynamism, energy, aggressiveness, forward movement.,in decline/ on the decline: losing strength; declining,He is still one of the worlds most popular tennis players, but his game is in decline.,As she was getting older, her mental powers were on the decline.,衰落的文明,a civilization in decline/on the decline,Article1_w_in debt-1,America as a Collage,The mere fact that America still attracts millions of people is evidence that it is not in decline. People arent attracted to a place of decline. Signs of decline are sure to be found in a place as complex as,America: debt, crime, the homeless, drugs, dropouts. But the main characteristic of America, the first and most enduring impression, is dynamism, energy, aggressiveness, forward movement.,debt: n. a sum of money that you owe,He had enough money to pay off his fathers debts.,Shrinking economies mean falling tax revenues and more government debt.,Collocation:,go/run into debt,欠债,pay off/settle a debt,还债,Article1_w_debt-2,America as a Collage,The mere fact that America still attracts millions of people is evidence that it is not in decline. People arent attracted to a place of decline. Signs of decline are sure to be found in a place as complex as,America: debt, crime, the homeless, drugs, dropouts. But the main characteristic of America, the first and most enduring impression, is dynamism, energy, aggressiveness, forward movement.,in debt to sb. for ,欠某人 数目的债,out of debt,不欠债,a business/gambling/personal debt,生意上的债/赌债/私人债务,Article1_w_characteristic-1,America as a Collage,The mere fact that America still attracts millions of people is evidence that it is not in decline. People arent attracted to a place of decline. Signs of decline are sure to be found in a place as complex as,America: debt, crime, the homeless, drugs, dropouts. But the main characteristic of America, the first and most enduring impression, is dynamism, energy, aggressiveness, forward movement.,characteristic: n. special mark or quality,Genes determine the characteristics of every living thing.,A prominent characteristic of language is that the relation between a linguistic sign and its meaning is arbitrary.,CF: character, characteristic & feature 这三 个词都有“特征”之意。 character 主要指人的性格、品质。例如：,You can read a guys character at the first glance.,你一眼就可以看出一个人的性格。,They epitomize the national character of the English.,他们集中体现了英国人的民族性格。,Article1_w_characteristic-2,America as a Collage,The mere fact that America still attracts millions of people is evidence that it is not in decline. People arent attracted to a place of decline. Signs of decline are sure to be found in a place as complex as,America: debt, crime, the homeless, drugs, dropouts. But the main characteristic of America, the first and most enduring impression, is dynamism, energy, aggressiveness, forward movement.,characteristic 意为“特性”、“特征”，指某人或某事具有的区别于 其他人或事物的特征或特点。例如：,A characteristic of the camel is its ability to live for a long time without water.,骆驼有一个特点：即使不喝水也能活很长时间.,Tactfulness is one of his nicest characteristics.,乖巧机敏是他最讨人喜欢的特点之一。,feature 意为“特色”、“特征”，指显著的、引人注意的特征，尤用于 面部表情或长相的描写。例如：,But the most important feature of our work must be parental involvement.,不过我们这项工作最大的特色应该是家长的参与。,His nose is his best feature.,他脸上最中看的部分是他的鼻子。,Article1_w_characteristic-3,America as a Collage,The mere fact that America still attracts millions of people is evidence that it is not in decline. People arent attracted to a place of decline. Signs of decline are sure to be found in a place as complex as,America: debt, crime, the homeless, drugs, dropouts. But the main characteristic of America, the first and most enduring impression, is dynamism, energy, aggressiveness, forward movement.,Put into each gap one of the following words in its proper form. character, characteristic & feature 1. Wet weather is a of life in this country. 2. Good planning is one of the of a successful business. 3. He is a man of upright 4. You know nothing of the essential of life.,feature,_,characteristics,_,character,_.,characteristics,_,Article2_S,It is so hard to think of this nation in decline when you know that there are vast regions of the planet which are absolutely paralyzed, incapable of any improvement at all. It is difficult for me to agree with Paul Kennedys thesis in The Rise and Fall of Great Powers that America must inevitably follow historical precedent. Thats the way history used to be - all powerful nations declined and gave way to other empires. But maybe there is another way to look at what is happening. I have a sense that what is going on here concerns much more than the fate of a nation.,Article2_S_I have a sense,It is so hard to think of this nation in decline when you know that there are vast regions of the planet which are absolutely paralyzed, incapable of any improvement at all. It is difficult for me to agree with Paul Kennedys thesis in The Rise and Fall of Great Powers that America must inevitably follow historical precedent. Thats the way history used to be - all powerful nations declined and gave way to other empires. But maybe there is another way to look at what is happening. I have a sense that what is going on here concerns much more than the fate of a nation.,1. What does the word “concern” mean here?,It means “be of importance or interest to; have an effect on”.,2. What does this sentence mean?,It means what is happening here does not only determine the future of one nation. It is a matter concerning many races and cultures. The future may not be considered in terms of nation, but civilization, new civilization of multiculturalism and pluralism.,3. Translate the sentence.,我有种感觉，这个国家正在发生的一切不仅仅关乎一国之命运。,Article2_w,It is so hard to think of this nation in decline when you know that there are vast regions of the planet which are absolutely paralyzed, incapable of any improvement at all. It is difficult for me to agree with Paul Kennedys thesis in The Rise and Fall of Great Powers that America must inevitably follow historical precedent. Thats the way history used to be - all powerful nations declined and gave way to other empires. But maybe there is another way to look at what is happening. I have a sense that what is going on here concerns much more than the fate of a nation.,Article2_w_paralyzed,It is so hard to think of this nation in decline when you know that there are vast regions of the planet which are absolutely paralyzed, incapable of any improvement at all. It is diffic