[英语学习]高中语法框架及练习题.doc

一、 名词与冠词名词是表示人、事物和地点名称的词，如：book, Mary, Beijing, 冠词本身没有词义，没有数和格的变化，不能单独使用，通常放在名词前，辅助说明这个名词的意义。冠词与名词的用法密不可分。以下表格最能说明二者的关系 意义名词 举例类别 特指 泛指 表示类别 表示“一个(些)” 可数名词单数 the book a book a book 可数名词复数 the books books some/any books 不可数名词 the milk milk some/any milk 名词的分类 可数名词 普通名词 不可数名词 专有名词 （了解） 名词的数 单数 复数名词 名词的格 主格、宾格 所有格 （1） 在词尾加 s （2）of构成所有格 （3）双重所有格 名词作定语 不定冠词（a/an） 7 冠词 定冠词 （the） 8 零冠词 6 1. He gained his _ by printing _ of famous writers. A. wealth ; work B. wealths ; works C. wealths; work D. wealth; work2. _ turn green in spring. A. Leaf B. Leafs C. Leave D. Leaves3. The storm has caused _ to the region. A. many damages B. much damages C. few damages D. much damage4.What _it is ! A. a fine weather B. fine weather C. fine weathers D. fine whether5. - I wonder whose bicycle it is.- It might be my _ . A. neighbors B. dear neighbor C. neighbor D. neighbours 6. Uncle Jack is _. A. my father and mothers friend B. my fathers and my mothers friend C. a friend of me D. a friend of my mothers and fathers 7. Yeaterday I was invited to the dinner at _ . A. Turners B. the Turners C. Turners D. the Turners 8. The _ is just around the corner and you wont miss it. A. bicycles shop B. bicycle shop C. bicycles shop D. bicycles shop 9. -Really? Who will give you _ lecture? And about what? - _ Professor Chen , a president of Beijing University on the environment protection. A. a; / B. a; the C. the; / D. the; a10. -Look! Sammy has _ tense expression on her face. -So she does. It seems that _ news is true. A. a; / B. a; the C. the; / D. the; a11. If you grow up in _ large family , you are more likely to develop _ ability to get on well with _ others. A. / ; an; the B. a; the ; / C. the ; an; the D. a ; the; the12. _ K(k) knowledge is power. A. A B. An C. The D. /13. The success of bidding the 2008 Olympic Games has been_ great pleasure and encouragement to _ Chinese people.A. the ; the B. a; / C. a; the D. /; a14.-Wheres _ nearest bookstore ? - Theres one at _ end of the street.A. the; an B. a; the C. the; the D. a; an15. Many people are still in_ habit of writing silly things in _public places. A. the ; the B. /; /; C. the; / D. /; the 16. The opening and reforming policies began to be performed in China in _1980s. A. a B. an C. the D. / 二、代词 首先从整体上把握代词的分类：（）人称代词（）物主代词（）反身代词（）相互代词（）指示代词（）不定代词（）疑问代词（）连接代词（）关系代词 1. 指代人或事物一、it的用法 2. 充当形式主语 3. 充当形式宾语 4. 用于强调句型 1. this, that, these, those 二、指示代词 2. that, those 与 one/ones 作 替代词的用法 3one/ones 作 替代词时与that 的区别 1all, each, every 的区别 2no one, nothing ,none 的区别 3Both, neither, either 三、不定代词 4. many 与 much 5. some 与 any 6. some, any, no, every 等与 body, one, thing 构成复合不定代词 7other, others, the other, another1. I made a call to my parents yesterday. To my disappointment, _ of them answered it. A. either B. none C. neither D.nobody 2. -Excuse me, but can you tell me which road I should take to the post office? - of the four roads will do. A. Any B. Neither C. Both D. Every3. We havent enough books for _ ; some of you will have to share.A. somebody B. anybody C. everybody D. nobody4. Some of the wheat is from Canada. What about _ ?A. another B. the other C. others D. the rest5. I dont think weve met before . You are taking me for _ .A. some other B. someone else C. other person D. one other6. Weve been looking at houses but havent found _ we like yet.A. one B. ones C. it D. them7. Theres cooking oil left in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get _?A. little; some B. little; any C. a little; some D. a little; any8. -One weeks time has been wasted.- I cant believe we did all that work for _ .A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything 9. The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but _ didnt help.A. it B. she C. which D. he10. The Foreign Minister said, “_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is11. The chairman thought_ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.A. that B. it C. this D. him12. I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.A. this B. that C. it D. one13. -I saw no more than one motor car in that shop. Will you go and buy _ ?-No, I d rather find _ in other shops.A. it; one B. one; one C. one; it D. it; it14. All of us want very much to see these recommended movies, especially _ you referred to just now.A. as B. which C. the one D. one15. -What did the young man come to your company for? -He wanted a job, he had never experienced before.A. what B. the one C. that D. one16. We should make _ a rule for us roommates to turn off the lights at 10:10 pm.A. it B. that C. one D. all17. He is _ of an expert on growing vegetables.A. anybody B. anyone C. somebody D. something18. -Did you have any trouble with the customs?- _ to speak of.A. None B. Neither C. Nothing D. No19. -Did you reach the top of the mountain?-Yes. Even I myself didnt believe I could make _ .A. that B. it C. myself D. them 三、形容词与副词 形容词用来修饰、说明名词及名词性成分，描绘人或事物的性质、特征和状态。 副词用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，表示时间、地点、方式、程度等意义。大部分形容词和副词都分原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。 1作定语一、形容词在句中的作用 2作表语 3作状语 4作宾语补足语二、副词在句中的作用-作状语 1原级比较三、形容词与副词的比较级与最高级 2比较级的表达方式1-Did you have a good time last night?-No, I returned home, _ .A. hungry and angry B. hunger and anger C. hungrily and angrily D. hungry, angrily2. -Must I turn off the gas after cooking?-Of course. You can never be_ careful with that.A. enough B. too C. so D. very3. Although she did not know Boston well, she made her way _ to the Home Circle Building.A. easy enough B. enough easy C. easily enough D. enough easily4. Mr. Smith used to smoke _ but he has given it up.A. seriously B. heavily C. badly D. hardly5. -Have you been to New Zealand?-No. Id like to, _ .A. too B. though C. yet D. either6. Our neighbour has _ ours.A. as a big house as B. as big a house as C. the same big house as D. a house the same big as7. John is the tallest boy in the class,_ according to himself.A. five foot eight as tall as B. as tall as five foot eight C. as five foot eight tall asD. as tall five foot eight as8. -How far apart do they live?- _ I know, they live in the same neighbourhood.A. As long as B. As far as C. As well as D. As often as9. -You dont look very _ . Are you ill?-No, Im just a bit tired.A. good B. well C. strong D. healthy10. It is reported that the United States uses _ energy as the whole of Europe.A. as twice B. twice much C. twice much as D. twice as much11. If it is quite _ to you, I will visit you next Tuesday.A. convenient B. fair C. easy D. comfortable12. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home.A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much13. It is _ work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it.A. a so unusual B. such an unusual C. so unusual D. such unusual14. -The temperature today is 100C below zero.-Oh. Its _ cold. A. the most B. the more C. most D. much more15. -Whats the weather like in winter here?-Its _ warmer in winter here than in your hometown.A. very B. normal C. quite D. much16. The patient is supposed to go to the hospital for _ checks.A. common B. normal C. regular D. usual17. A short, thin man, _ past middle age,visited the manager and applied for the position.A. well B. much C. too D. highly 四、动词和动词词组1. Most of us know we should cut down on fat, but knowing such things isnt much help when it _ shopping and eating.A. refers to B. speaks of C. focuses on D. comes to2. The dictionary is being printed and it will soon _ .A. turn out B. come out C. start out D. go out3. Although the wind has _ ,the rain remains steady, so you still need a raincoat.A. turned up B. gone back C. died down D. blown out4. I couldnt _ . The line was busy.A. go by B. go around C. get in D. get through5. -The boss said we had only three days to finish the work.-Dont worry. We have already _ two thirds of it.A. got down B. got through C. given in D. given away6. -Smoking is bad for your health.-Yes, I know. But I simply cant _ .A. give it up B. give it in C. give it out D. give it away7. Dont mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may _ the shocking ending.A. give away B. give out C. give up D. give off8. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _ .A. be put up B. give in C. be turned on D. go out9. If you had _ your test paper carefully before handing it in, you would have made fewer mistakes.A. looked up B. thought about C. gone over D. gone round10. Would you slow down a bit, please? I cant _ you.A. keep up with B. put up with C. make up to D. hold on to11. Happily for Johns mother, he is working harder to _ his lost time.A. make up for B. keep up with C. catch up with D. make use of12. Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and _ jokes.A. turning up B. putting up C. making up D. showing up 13. To keep healthy, Professor Johnson _ cycling as a regular form of exercise after he retired.A. took up B. caught on C. carried out D. made for 14. Helen always helps her mother even though going to school _ most of her day.A. takes up B. makes up C. saves up D. puts up15. The forest guards often find campfires that have not been _ completely.A. turned down B. put out C. put away D. turned over16. It was foolish of him to _ his notes during that important test, and as a result, he got punished.A. stick to B. refer to C. keep to D. point to17. We thought of selling this old furniture, but weve decided to _ it. It might be valuable.A. hold on to B. keep up with C. turn to D. look after18. This picture was taken a long time ago. I wonder if you can _ my father.A. find out B. pick out C. look out D. speak out19. -Will somebody go and get Dr.White?-Hes already been _ .A. asked for B. sent for C. called for D. looked for20. Before the war broke out, many people _ in safe places possessions they could not take with them.A. threw away B. put away C. gave away D. carried out21. We didnt plan our art exhibition like that but it _ very well.A. worked out B. tired out C. went out D. carried out22. We wanted to get home before dark , but it didnt quite _ as planned.A. make out B. turn out C. go on D. come up23. It was not a serious illness, and she soon _ it.A. got over B. got on with C. got around D. got out of24. I think youll grow _ him when you know him better.A. liking B. to be like C. to like D. to be liking25. The final examination is coming up soon. Its time for us to _ our studies.A. get down to B. get out C. get back for D. get over26.The traffic lights _ green and I pulled away.A. came B. grew C.got D. went 五、动词的时态和语态一、谓语用来表示动作发生时间、存在状态的各种形式称为时态，英语中存在16种时态，高考大纲中要求掌握8种时态： 表一 动词的时态（Tense of Verb）时态具体用法例句备注 一 般 现 在 时1表示经常性、习惯性的动作和现在的状态或特征，经常与often, always, Usually, some-times等 时间状语连用。2客观事实，普遍真理。3格言警句。构成：除第三人称单数加s外，其它均用动词原形（be 和have例外）1We go to school at 7 a.m. every day.2. The earth moves round the sun.3. If you see her, will you tell her to come?如果主句是将来时，在时间或条件状语丛句中要用一般现在时表示将来时，如例3。 现 在 进 行 时1说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的动作或状态，常与now 等词连用。2表示感情色彩。构成：am/is/are+doing1. Mary is studying in the room.2.Peter is always helping others.3.Are you staying here till next week?现在进行时表示将来，意为“意图，打算，安排”，常用 人，常用的词为：come,go, start,arrive,leave,stay等，如例3。 一 般 将 来 时表示将来某个时间会发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow, next time等词连用。构成：1shall/will+do2. am/is/are going to do3. am/is/are to+do4. am/is/are about to+do(一般不与确切的将来时间状语连用)1. Today we shall have a report.2. I am going to attend a meeting.3. We are to be back by nine oclock.4. The film is about to begin.shall 用于第一人称，will用于第二、三人称。 现 在 完 成 时1表示刚刚完成的动作，常与just 连用。2表示动作发生在过去，但其结果或影响与现在情况仍有联系，常与since和for 连用。构成：have/has+done1.He has just come back.2. He has been ill for three days.3.It is the first time I have visited the city.在”It/This is the time that”句型中，从句中用现在完成时，如例3. 一 般 过 去 时1表示过去的动作或状态。2表示过去一段时间内经常发生的动作或过去曾经存在过的状态。 构成 ：动词用过去式1.She had a headache last night.2.She used to love animals very much.3.He is used to living here.1.used to + do 表示过去经常但现在已不再持续的习惯动作，to 为不定式，后接动词原形，如例2.2.be used to + doing 表示习惯于，to是介词，后加名词或动名词，如例3。 过 去 进 行 时表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。构成：was/were + doing 1.The boy was doing his homework when his father came back.2.They wanted to know when we were leaving for Se,start,stay,leave 等动词的