高考英语一轮复习unit4astronomythescienceofthestars课件新人教版必修

,必修 3 Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars,重点单词,1. _n. 天文学 _n. 天文学家 _ n. 宇航员 2. _ n. 系统；体系；制度 3. _ n. 宗教；宗教信仰 _ adj. 宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的 4. _ n. 学说；理论 5. _n. 球体；地球仪；地球 _adj. 全球性的；全世界的 6. _adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的 _ n. 暴力；激烈；猛烈 _ adv. 暴力地；猛烈地 7. _ n. 大气层；气氛,astronomy astronomer astronaut system religion religious theory globe global violent violence violently atmosphere,学生用书见P69,重点单词,unlike fundamental harmful harm harmless multiply puzzle Puzzled biology biologist satellite physicist physics,8. _ prep. 不同；不像 9. _adj. 基本的；基础的 10. _ adj. 有害的 _n.& vt. 损害；伤害；危害 _adj. 无害的 11. _ vi.& vt. 乘；增加 12. _n. 谜；难题vt.& vi.（使）迷惑；（使）为难 _ adj. 迷惑不解的 13. _n. 生物学 _n. 生物学家 14. _n. 卫星；人造卫星 15. _n. 物理学家 _n. 物理学,重点单词,climate weather crash pull push float exist existence exhaust exhaustion exhausted exhausting,16._n. 气候 _n. 天气 17. _vi.使人精疲力竭的,重点短语,match.with in time give birth to in ones turn prevent.from block out cheer up now that break out,1._ 使和相匹配 2. _ 及时；终于 3. _ 产生；分娩 4. _ 轮到某人；接着 5. _ 阻止；制止 6. _ 挡住（光线） 7. _ 感到高兴；感到振奋 8. _ 既然 9. _ 突发；爆发,重点短语,watch out think of.as come into being make a trip get close to. step forward,10._ 密切注视；当心；提防 11. _ 把看作是 12. _ 产生；形成 13. _ 去旅行 14. _ 接近 15. _ 向前迈步,1.make it+形容词/名词+to do sth. This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.（教材P26） 2.“A+倍数+as+形容词或副词原级+as+B”的倍数表达法 But when I tried to step forward， I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.（教材P31） 3.now that引导原因状语从句 “Oh dear，” I cried， walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.（教材P31）,重点句型,语法要点,主语从句 What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.（教材P25） Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.（教材P26）,atmosphere n.大气层，空气；环境，气氛 They were in time to produce carbon,nitrogen,water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earths atmosphere.（教材P26） 最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。,学生用书见P70,The waste they create goes into the atmosphere and makes us sick. 它们制造出来的废气进入大气中，导致我们生病。 The simple atmosphere of the office calmed me. 办公室的简单气氛让我平静下来。 Ever since their quarrel,there has been an unpleasant atmosphere in the office. 自从他们发生口角以来，办公室里总有一种不愉快的气氛。,harmful adj.有害的 What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. (教材P26) 很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，它使得地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。,(1) be harmful to. 对有害 harm n.& vt. 伤害；损害 do harm to./do.harm 损害 There is no harm in doing sth. /It does no harm to do sth. 做某事是个好主意(或没有坏处) (3) harmless adj. 无害的,(2),Your smoking can be harmful to the health of your children. 你吸烟会危及孩子的健康。 Air pollution and noise pollution caused by automobiles do harm to our health. 由汽车引起的空气和噪音污染对我们的健康造成了危害。 There is no harm in drinking occasionally. 偶尔喝点酒没有什么害处。 It does no harm to read more books. 多读点书对你没有害处。 The trouble was sparked off by an apparently harmless phrase. 这场麻烦是由一句明显无恶意的话引起的。,puzzle vt.使迷惑；使为难；使窘困； vi.感到迷惑 n.(游戏的)猜谜；难题；谜 How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve. （教材P27） 地球生命如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难题之一。,puzzle over/about sth. 苦苦思索；仔细琢磨 puzzle sth.out 琢磨出的答案 puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的(常用来修饰人) puzzling adj. 令人迷惑不解的(常用来修饰事物),(1),(2),I am puzzled by his failure to reply. 我弄不懂他为什么不给我回信。 What puzzles me is why he left the country without telling anyone. 令我百思不解的是他为什么悄悄地离开了这个国家。 I have been puzzling about this question for weeks now. 我对这个问题已冥思苦想了好几个星期。 She managed to puzzle out the meaning of that long sentence. 她总算把那个长句的意思揣摩出来了。 Her puzzled look on her face suggested she didnt understand what I said. 她脸上迷惑的表情表明她不明白我说的话。,pull n& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力 As the rocket rose into the air， we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earths gravity. （教材P30） 随着火箭的升空，我们被重重地推回到座位上，因为我们正尽力摆脱地球的引力。,pull back 撤回 pull down 拆毁；摧毁;把往下拉；使下跌 pull in (车辆)进站停靠；靠边，停靠 pull on 穿；戴 pull out 驶出；(使)退出；（列车）出站 pull over (车辆)向路边停靠；驶向路边 pull through 康复，痊愈；渡过难关 pull up 拔起；停车；阻止 Pull oneself together 振作起来,He pulled the door open and rushed out. 他拉开门，冲了出去。 Several houses were pulled down to make way for the new road. 为了给新修的道路让路，几座房屋被拆毁了。 The police car signaled to us to pull in. 警车发出信号，要我们驶向路边停靠。 We waved as the train pulled out of the station. 火车驶出车站时我们挥手告别。 The doctor told me that I would pull through. 医生告诉我我会康复的。,in time 及时；终于；总有一天 They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earths atmosphere. (教材P25-26) 最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。,学生用书见P71,on time 准时；按时 in no time 立即；马上 ahead of time 提前，提早 all the time 一直；始终 at a time 一次；每次 at one time 曾经；一度 at the same time 同时 take ones time 别着急；慢慢来 from time to time 有时，偶尔 kill time 消磨时间 once upon a time 从前，很久以前,He managed to send the tourists to the airport in time. 他设法把游客及时送到机场。 After the accident, the injured were taken to the nearest hospital in no time. 事故发生后，受伤的人员立刻被送进了最近的医院。 At one time， half the land on the Earths surface was covered by forest. 曾经，地球表面有一半的土地被森林覆盖。 The technicians and experts of both parties should hold meetings from time to time for technical exchange. 我们双方的技术人员和专家要经常碰头，进行技术交流。,in ones turn 轮到某人；接着 Thus they have， in their turn， become the most important animals on the planet. （教材P26） 于是，他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。,in turn 依次，轮流;反之，反过来 by turns 轮流；交替地 take turns to do sth.=take turns(in/at)doing sth. 轮流做某事 （2）It is ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事,（1）,When it is in my turn， I am too excited to speak. 当轮到我时，我激动得都说不出话来了。 All theories are derived from practice and in turn serve practice. 所有的理论都来源于实践，并反过来为实践服务。 The students take turns to clean the classroom. 学生们轮流打扫教室。 Now it is your turn to look after the children. 现在轮到你照看孩子了。,prevent.from. 阻止/制止做 They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. （教材P26） 他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。,3,prevent+宾语+(from) doing stop+宾语+(from) doing keep+宾语+from doing 注：stop/prevent.(from) doing sth.中的from 可以省 略，而keep.from doing sth.中得from不可以省略。以上三个短语用于被动语态时，from均不可省略。 （2）protect/shelter/guard.from.保护不受侵袭(from后接能带来伤害或损害之物),（1）,阻止某人干某事,No one can prevent this plan from being carried out. 谁也不能阻止这个计划的实施。 His advice prevented/kept/stopped me from making a serious mistake. 他的忠告使我免于犯严重的错误。 He wears sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight. 他戴墨镜保护眼睛使其免受太阳光的伤害。,make it+形容词/名词+to do sth. This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop. （教材P26） 这就产生了连锁反应，使生命发展成为可能。,在make it+adj./n.for sb./sth.+to do sth.结构中,it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的带to不定式，而形容词(或名词)充当了宾语补足语成分。另外，it作形式宾语，除了可指代不定式结构外，还可指代that引导的宾语从句：make it+形容词/名词+that从句。,1,学生用书见P72,“make宾语宾语补足语”的四种形式： 名词或形容词 不带to 的不定式 过去分词 介词短语,make+宾语+宾语补足语,They made it clear to the public that they did an important and necessary job. 他们向公众表明，他们所做的工作重要且必不可少。 Praise makes good men better and bad men worse. 赞扬使好人更好，坏人更坏。 The boss made him work long time. 老板强迫他长时间工作。 When I first came to New York, I had a lot of trouble making myself understood. 我刚到纽约时，想让别人听懂我的话非常困难。 “Make yourself at home,”the hostess said to me as soon as I entered the house. 我刚一进门，女主人就对我说：“就像在你自己家一样。”,“A+倍数+as+形容词或副词原级+as+B”的倍数表达法 But when I tried to step forward， I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. （教材P31） 而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。,2,倍数表达法： (1)“A+倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+than+B”,表示“A比B大(长、高、宽等)多少倍”。 (2)“A+倍数+as+形容词或副词的原级+as+B”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。 (3)“A+倍数+the size/height/length/width,etc.+of+B”,表示“A(的尺寸/高/长/宽等)是B的多少倍”。 as much+不可数名词 as many+可数名词,+as.,(4)A+倍数+,There are five times more books in our library than in yours. 我们图书馆里的书比你们图书馆里的书多五倍。 He has read twice as many books as I have. 他读过的书是我读过的两倍。 My house is twice the size of my parents. 我的房子是我父母的两倍大。 Our city has experienced twice as much rain this year as it did last year. 我们城市今年的雨水量是去年的两倍。,now that 引导原因状语从句 “Oh dear，” I cried，“walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed. ”（教材P31） “天哪，”我大声说,“重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”,3,本句中，now that是固定短语，意为“由于，既然”，引导原因状语从句，有时that可以省略。,Now that I have nothing to do， I can enjoy music for a little while. 既然无事可做，我可以听一会儿音乐了。 Now that you cant answer the question， Ill ask someone else. 既然你回答不出这个问题，我就问别人了。,.品句填词（用所给词的恰当形式或根据语境写一个合适的词） 1.Scientists are not sure about the (exist) of water on Mars, so whether humans can live on it isnt proved. 【答案】1.existence 2.The (puzzle) expression on his face suggested that he was not able to work out the difficult problem. So the teacher had to help him. 【答案】2.puzzled 3.He also said the government must be willing to spend extra money to prevent people starving. 【答案】3.from 4.When I started writing my book, two months after returning from the Amazon, I was already blocking the hard time and selectively remembering an excitement-packed two-year adventure. 【答案】4.out,学生用书见P73,5.To add to the shock factor, 60% of respondents(调查对象) admitted they shared make-up with friends and family, (multiply) the chance of infection. 【答案】 5.multiplying 6.I do believe what children eat is fundamental their health, growth and development. 【答案】 6.to 7.Eating too many desserts can be (harm) to ones teeth. 【答案】 7.harmful 8.At all times, you should watch out fake websites offering downloads in exchange for your credit card number. 【答案】8.for,9.They found the crashed aircraft had been smashed to pieces, killing all 4 aboard, 3 of were foreigners. 【答案】 9.whom 10.Europe was initially (exhaust) but, with the help of the Marshall Plan, back on its feet within a decade. 【答案】10.exhausted,.单句改错（含词汇和本单元的语法） 1.Schoolwork burden is a special phenomenon, which will encourage students to develop when it is appropriate, and will be harmful against students and useless to education when it is excessive. 【答案】againstto 2.I felt so upset and I was puzzling. I didnt move until the young security man asked me several times. 【答案】puzzlingpuzzled 3.The current global imbalance has been existed for decades for deeply-rooted reasons, many of which simply reflect common-sense reality. 【答案】去掉been,4.At the driving school different people at different ages have the same goal and under the instruction of the coach the trainees took turn to drive. 【答案】turnturns 5.By creating this pond, they are preventing soil from washed away, and they are creating a place where new plants and insects can flourish. 【答案】在washed 前加being 6.His father continued to encouraged him but also made it clear he did not have to play football if he didnt want to. 【答案】在clear 后加that 7.The other problem is that, should this strategy stop working, China will be able to change it. 【答案】thatwhether,8.You cant learn English well without watch out for idiomatic ways of saying things. 【答案】watchwatching 9.The use of computers as a medium of communication has given for a new language phenomenoncyber language. 【答案】forto 10.He