高考英语一轮复习第3部分写作素能培养第12讲明确评分原则避免几种常犯错误课件外研版

写作素能培养,第三部分,第十二讲 明确评分原则，避免几种常犯错误,.评分细则 近几年高考英语书面表达的评分标准有了很大变化，由原来只要求考生把要点写全(内容全面)、写对(错误较少)，提高到要求考生写好(使用一些高级词汇和复杂句型)的高度鼓励考生尝试使用一些高级词汇和复杂句型，对由此所出现的尝试性错误采取了较为宽容的态度(不扣或少扣分)。目前全国高考英语全国卷书面表达大部分采用25分制，评分标准如下：,一、评分原则 1按5个档次给分。 2先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属的档次，然后以该档次的要求衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。 3词数不符合要求的，从总分中减去2分。 4评分时，应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的丰富性和准确性及上下文的连贯性。 5拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。 6如书写较差以至于影响交际，将其分数降低一个档次。,二、档次分配、表达要求和给分范围,.考场作文常见的3类错误 考场作文常见的错误主要分为三类：词汇类错误、语法类错误和汉语式英语。 (一)词汇类错误 考试时，我们很容易出现单词拼写错误和词形变化错误；而词性不清和词汇用法方面的错误主要还是受汉语的影响。其应对措施是在备考时要多注意容易拼错或容易出现词形变化的单词，真正用心去体会英语词汇的词性和运用，对一些固定习语更不能想当然地改动。 1单词拼写错误 误：Our English teacher is friendly but very strick with us students. 正：Our English teacher is friendly but very strict with us students.,2词形变化错误 误：People throwed cans, paper, bags and so on into the river water. 正：People threw cans, paper, bags and so on into the river water. 3词性不清错误 误：Doing a part-time job always effects study. 正：Doing a part-time job always affects study.,4词汇用法错误 误：He opened the light after he entered the room. 正：He turned on the light after he entered the room. 5擅自改动习语 误：We lost the game, but we didnt lose our heart. 正：We lost the game, but we didnt lose heart.,enviromentenvironment,writenwritten,happyhappily,4We must notice our pronunciation when we speak English. _ 5Just in the front of our house stands a tall tree with a history of 1,000 years. _,noticepay attention to,in the front ofin front of,(二)语法类错误 一个正确的句子除了用词得当外，语法也应该准确无误。如果语法不正确，再好的构思也难以正确地表达，语法错误的多少会直接影响作文的档次。英语写作中语法类错误主要表现在：时态、语态错误、非谓语动词使用错误、主谓一致错误、比较级使用错误、多余的词以及平行错误等。 1时态、语态错误 误：Children who raise in poor families can generally deal with problems more effectively in their adult years. 正：Children who are raised in poor families can generally deal with problems more effectively in their adult years.,2非谓语动词使用错误 误：Comparing with other countries, the country pays little attention to the pollution. 正：Compared with other countries, the country pays little attention to the pollution. 3主谓一致错误 误：My hobby is widespread, which include drawing, collecting stamps and so on. 正：My hobby is widespread, which includes drawing, collecting stamps and so on.,4比较级使用错误 误：With the development of transportation, the world seems to be getting more and more smaller. 正：With the development of transportation, the world seems to be getting smaller and smaller. 5多余的词 误：On one day, he went to the cinema. 正：One day, he went to the cinema.,6平行错误 误：Then I put my book under my desk, opening it and started looking for the answer. 正：Then I put my book under my desk, opened it and started looking for the answer.,去掉had,aream,moremuch或去掉more,happenedhappening,去掉into,(三)汉语式英语 一般来说，英汉两种语言既有许多相似之处，又有许多不同之处。在写作时如果想当然地去写，会出现许多汉语式英语，其中主要包括：纯汉语式思维和汉语式语序、句子成分残缺、句子粘连以及搭配不当等。 1纯汉语式思维和汉语式语序 误：At this school studying, I really very happy. 正：Studying at this school, I am really very happy. 2句子成分残缺 误：There are many students dont support the project. 正：There are many students who dont support the project.,3句子粘连 误：On the other hand, dogs are our best friends, bring us a lot of fun. 正：On the other hand, dogs are our best friends, which/and bring us a lot of fun. 4搭配不当 误：We walked a far way before planting trees. 正：We walked a long way before planting trees. 误：Under the help of the teacher, I have made great progress in my English. 正：With the help of the teacher, I have made great progress in my English.,We are impossibleIt is impossible for us,expensivehigh,byin或waymeans,your letteryou,逗号后加and或themwhom,.防范出现错误的2个措施 写对句子是作文得高分的关键和保证，考场上要避免上述低级错误，可采取以下两个措施。 (一)确定主语 英语句子无论多长都有自己的主语(祈使句省略了主语you)。动手写句子首先要确定主语，其次要特别注意汉语与英语的区别。例如：,北京八月多雨。 误：Beijing rains much in August. 正：It rains much in Beijing in August. 写得很匆忙，我们发现书中满是错误。 误：Written in a hurry, we found the book full of mistakes. 正：Written in a hurry, the book was found full of mistakes(by us),(二)确定谓语动词 英语中没有动词就构不成句子，但动词千变万化，稍不注意就会写错句子。在写句子时应特别注意以下几个方面： 1注意及物与不及物动词的正确运用。 误：The living standard of the people has raised in the past twenty years. 正：The living standard of the people has risen/has been raised in the past twenty years.,2注意延续性与非延续性动词的正确运用。 误：He has left his hometown for twenty years. 正：He has been away from his hometown for twenty years. 3注意一些不可用于被动语态的动词。 误：Many stars are appeared in the sky at night. 正：Many stars appear in the sky at night.,areis,hittedhit；driveddrove,dodid或do前加should,去掉第二个are或students后加who,It is very convenient for students to eat at school.,6It was Sunday, they all went for a picnic in the woods. _ 7Would you please meet my uncle at the airport because this is his first time visit to the US?_ 8While having our dinner, the doorbell rang. _ 9Recently our village has taken place great changes. _ 10Fishing is his favorite hobby, and he also likes collecting coins. _,逗号后加so或wasbeing,去掉time,Recently great changes have taken place in our village.,having前加we are或the doorbell rangwe heard the doorbell ringing,he also likes collecting coinscollecting coins also gives him pleasure,内容包括： 1表示歉意；2.解释失约的原因；3.请求原谅。 注意：1.不得在文中出现作者的真实姓名； 2语句连贯，词数100左右。作文的标题、开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。 A Letter of Apology Dear Henry， I am really sorry_ I wont let things like that happen again. Yours， Li Hua,【求诊病文】 A Letter of Apology Dear Henry， I am really sorry that I can not meet you at 7：30 last night. I do hope you didnt wait too long outside Xinhua Bookstore.,On yesterday afternoon, I had to look after my younger sister until my mother returned back home. She was ill and stayed at the doctors so that she arrived at home very late. I ran all the way to the bus stop only finding the last bus had already left. I had to call a taxi, but it was already half an hour later. I was going to call up you, but I had forgotten my mobile phone at home. Finally, I had no choice but to go back home, disappointing and sad. I sincere hope that you will forgive me and we can be best friends as usual. I wont let things like that happen again. Yours， Li Hua,【诊断结果】 第句：_ 第句：_ 第句： On yesterdayYesterday; 去掉back或returnedcame 第句：_ 第句：_ 第句：_ 第句：_ 第句：_ 第句：_ 第句：_,cancould,无,去掉arrived后面的at,findingto find,laterlate,call up youcall you up；forgottenleft behind,disappointingdisappointed,sinceresincere