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第七章 形容词和副词,第七章 形容词和副词,第一节 形容词 形容词用于修饰名词,表示名词的特点和属性,一般放在它所修饰的名词之前,在句中可作定语、表语和宾语补足语。 考点一:形容词的用法 考点二:辨析以ing和ed结尾的形容词,考点一:形容词的用法,作定语:放在被修饰的名词之前,但若被修饰的词是something,anything等不定代词时,形容词要后置。 如: a clever boy something special 2. 作表语:放在be动词或系动词之后。 如: The flower is beautiful.,常见的接形容词作表语的系动词有:一似乎 (seem),二保持(keep,stay),三变化(become,get,turn),五感官 (feel,sound,look,smell,taste)。 如: He seems angry. You must keep healthy. Her face turned red. This kind of cloth feels very soft. The flower smells sweet.,考点一:形容词的用法,作宾语补足语:放在宾语之后,常与make,leave,keep,find,feel,think等动词连用。 如: You must keep your eyes closed when you do eye exercises. The sad movie made me sad. 4.“Its + adj. + of + sb. + to do sth.”表示“某人做某事怎么样”。用于此句型的形容词多为kind,nice,polite,clever等形容词,形容人的主观情感、性格、品质、态度等。 如: Its kind of him to help me.,考点一:形容词的用法,考点一:形容词的用法,“Its + adj. + for + sb. + to do sth.”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。 用于此句型的多为difficult,easy,dangerous,pleasant等描述事物客观情况的形容词。 如: Its very important for us to learn English well. 6. 表示感情和情绪的形容词,如glad,happy,sorry,sad,thankful,pleased等,后面常接动词不定式。 如: Im glad to see you here. Im sorry to keep you waiting for a long time.,考点二:辨析以ing和ed结尾的形容词,以ing结尾的形容词表示“令人”,以ed结尾的形容词表示 “感到”。 如: You will be excited by our exciting performance. amazing amazed exciting excited disappointing disappointed surprising surprised interesting interested,第一节即学即练 一、用of或 for填空。 1. Its rude _ people to say something like that. 2. It is necessary _ us to have a balanced diet and plenty of exercise to keep our body healthy. 3. It is useful _ the students to have a computer at home. 4. It is kind _ the policeman to send me home. 二、用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The boy is _ to watch the _ boxing match.(excite) 2. The students were _ at the _ news.(disappoint),第一节:形容词,of,for,for,of,excited,exciting,disappointed,disappointing,即学即练 二、用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空。 3. We felt _ at the _ news.(surprise) 4. Mary is _ in Chinese paintings. She thinks they are _.(interest) 5. The homework has been _. Im _, so I go to bed.(tire) 6. We spent a very _ evening last night. We really felt _.(bore) 7. The man looked _ when he saw the _ tiger.(frighten) 8. The _ film made us _.(amaze),第一节:形容词,surprised,surprising,interested,interesting,tiring,tired,boring,bored,frightened,frightening,amazing,amazed,第二节 副词 考点一:副词的用法 考点二:副词的分类 考点三:“足够以至于”的表达 考点四:形容词转为副词的变化规律 考点五:形容词与副词词形与词义的对比 考点六:形容词和副词的比较级和最高级,副词用于修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句 (修饰全句时副词可放在句首或句末)。 副词的位置:一般放在动词之后;但always,often,never等放在be动词、助动词和情态动词之后,行为动词之前。 如: As students, we should study hard. Amy is often late for school. This often makes our teacher angry.,考点一:副词的用法,按其语法作用可分为四类。 (1)疑问副词:用于构成特殊疑问句,如where,when,why,how等。 (2)连接副词:用于引导宾语从句等,如when,where,why,how等。 (3)关系副词:用于引导定语从句并在句中作状语,如when,where,why等。 (4)普通副词:除以上三类副词外的其他副词都属于此类。,考点二:副词的分类,按其词义可分为四类。 (1)时间副词,如ago,before,recently等。 (2)地点副词,如away,there,outside等。 (3)方式副词,如carefully,slowly,successfully等。 (4)程度副词,如much,hardly,very,greatly等。,考点二:副词的分类,1.(1)形容词 / 副词 + enough 足够如: old enough loudly enough (2)形容词 / 副词 + enough to do sth. 足够可以做某事 如: Her hair is long enough to tie back. (3)形容词 / 副词 + enough for sb. to do sth. 足够以至于某人可以做某事 如: The desk is light enough for me to carry.,考点三:“足够以至于” 的表达,not enough to do sth. = too to do sth. 不足够做某事;太而不能做某事 如: The boy is not old enough to work. = The boy is too young to work. = The boy is so young that he cant work.,考点三:“足够以至于” 的表达,一般是在形容词词尾加-ly。如: slow slowly beautiful beautifully 以辅音字母加le结尾的词,去e加-y。如: terrible terribly gentle gently 以“元音字母 + 辅音字母 (l除外) + e”结尾的形容词,直接在词尾加-ly。如: wide widely brave bravely polite politely,考点四:形容词转为副词 的变化规律,以字母y结尾的形容词变为副词有两种情况: (1)y发短元音i时,应变y为i,再加-ly。 如: easy easily happy happily (2)y发双元音ai时,则应直接加-ly。 如: dry dryly shy shyly 其他形式。 如: full fully true truly,考点四:形容词转为副词 的变化规律,以ly结尾的形容词有friendly,lovely,likely,daily,weekly,ugly,lively,lonely等。 有些形容词加了-ly后,意思和词义是不同的。,考点五:形容词与副词词形与词义的对比,有些单词兼作形容词和副词的词,既具有形容词词性,又具有副词词性。,考点五:形容词与副词词形与词义的对比,构成规则 (1)单音节词的比较级加-er,最高级加-est (以e结尾的词只加-r构成比较级,加-st构成最高级)。如: tall taller tallest nice nicer nicest (2)以辅音字母加y结尾的双音节词改y为i,再加-er构成比较级,加-est构成最高级。 如: happy happier happiest dirty dirtier dirtiest,考点六:形容词和副词的 比较级和最高级,(3)以重读闭音节结尾并且词尾只有一个辅音字母的单词,先双写最后一个字母再加-er,-est。 如: big bigger biggest wet wetter wettest 特殊的词:real more real most real,考点六:形容词和副词的 比较级和最高级,考点六:形容词和副词的 比较级和最高级,(4)多音节词和部分双音节词,在原级前分别加more和most构成比较级和最高级。 如: slowly more slowly most slowly tired more tired most tired dangerous more dangerous most dangerous,(5)特殊变化 形容词最高级前通常要带有定冠词the,但如果形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词等修饰时,the要省略;副词最高级前的the可省略。,考点六:形容词和副词的 比较级和最高级,常用句型 (1)两者相等即A=B时,可用句型“A + 谓语动词 + as + 形容词或副词原级 + as + B”。 如: I am as tall as Kelly. He can run as fast as his brother. 注意:as + 形容词原级 + as = the same + 名词 + as 如:as old as = the same age as 一样大(年龄) as tall as = the same height as 一样高 as heavy as = the same weight as 一样重,考点六:形容词和副词的 比较级和最高级,(2)两者不等即A B时,可用句型“not as / so + 形容词或副词原级 + as”或“A + 谓语动词 + 形容词或副词比较级 + than + B”。 如: I think Maths is not as / so interesting as English. = I think Maths is less interesting than English. = I think English is more interesting than Maths. 注意:比较级前可用a little,a bit,a lot,much,far,even,still等修饰。,考点六:形容词和副词的 比较级和最高级,表示“A是B的倍”时,可用句型“A + 谓语动词 + 倍数 + as + 形容词或副词原级 + as + B”或“A + 谓语动词 + 倍数 + 比较级 + than + B”。 如: Our school is four times as big as theirs. = Our school is three times bigger than theirs.,考点六:形容词和副词的 比较级和最高级,考点六:形容词和副词的 比较级和最高级,表示“越来越”时,用“形容词或副词比较级 + and +形容词加副词比较级”。 如: He is becoming taller and taller. She is getting more and more beautiful. 注意:此结构多与get和become的进行时或turn的一般现在时连用。,表示“越,就越”时,用“the + 比较级,the+比较级”。如: The busier she is, the happier she feels. The more books you read, the more knowledge you will get. 表示“两者中较的一个”时,可用句型“A + 谓语动词 + the + 比较级 + of the two ”。如: He is the taller of the two boys. She is the cleverer of the twins.,考点六:形容词和副词的 比较级和最高级,三者或三者以上比较时,可用句型“A + 谓语动词 + the + 最高级 + of / in / among + 比较范围”。 如: It is the most interesting book of all. He is the tallest in his class / among those three boys.,考点六:形容词和副词的 比较级和最高级,考点六:形容词和副词的 比较级和最高级,8. 表示“最的之一”时,可用句型 “A + 谓语动词 + one of the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数”。 如: Escape Plan is one of the most popular bands. 9. 表示“第几的事物”时,可用句型“A + 谓语动词 + the + 序数词 + 形容词最高级 + 名词”。 如: The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.,比较级的形式表示最高级的含义时,可用句型“A + 谓语动词 + 比较级 + than any other + 单数名词”或“A + 谓语动词 + 比较级 + the other + 复数名词”。 如:China is larger than any other country in Asia. (同范围比较) = China is larger than the other countries in As

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