中考英语总复习 第二章 名词课件

第二章 名 词 考点一：名词的分类 考点二：可数名词的复数形式 考点三：名词的所有格 考点四：常考的名词辨析,考点一：名词的分类,一、普通名词 可数名词 ball，girl，mother 2. 不可数名词 weather，money，fun,二、专有名词 1. 人名、尊称、头衔：Einstein，Mr Brown 2. 洲名：Asia 3. 国名：Egypt 4. 城市名：Sydney 5. 海洋、河流、湖泊：the Pacific 6. 月份和星期：January，Monday， 7. 单位、机构、组织：Class 4 Grade 1，the Party 8. 事件：the Second World War，the Olympics,考点一：名词的分类,考点一：名词的分类 注意：1.有些单词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词,但意义不同。,glass paper room chicken fish orange beauty,考点一：名词的分类,life,iron,light,experience,exercise,考点一：名词的种类,注意： 2. 有些不可数名词变为复数形式后，意义不同。,考点一：名词的种类,注意： 3. 不可数名词常用“数词 / 不定冠词+量词+of+不可数名词”的搭配来表示不可数名词的量。 如：a piece of news three bottles of water,即学即练 一、短语翻译。 1. 两则消息 _ 2. 两段音乐 _ 3. 两条建议 _ 4. 两张纸 _,考点一：名词的种类,two pieces of information,two pieces of music,two pieces of advice,two pieces of paper,即学即练 二、用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Will you please make _ (room) for the woman with a little baby? Sure. Take my seat, please. 2.You can get more _ (information) about the World Expo on the Internet. 3.My uncle gave me some _(piece of advice) on how to make full use of the Internet. 4.Lucy bought two _(bottle of milk) yesterday.,考点一：名词的种类,room,pieces of advice,information,bottles of milk,一、名词复数形式的规则变化 1. 一般情况在词尾加s book books bag bags 2. 以s，x，ch，sh结尾的名词，在词尾加es bus buses box boxes wish wishes watch watches 3.以辅音字母加y结尾将y变为i再加es country countries study studies city cities 4. 以元音字母加y结尾词尾只加s toy toys day days,考点二：可数名词的复数形式,一、名词复数形式的规则变化 5. 以o结尾 (有生命的)加es hero heroes potato potatoes tomato tomatoes Negro Negroes 以o结尾 (无生命的)加s radio radios photo photos piano pianos 6. 以f 或fe 结尾将f或fe变为v再加es wife wives thief thieves shelf shelves knife knive shalf halves leaf leaves wolf wolves life lives 在词尾加s的：roof roofs proof proofs 注意：month months mouth mouths,考点二：可数名词的复数形式,考点二：可数名词的复数形式 2.名词复数形式的不规则变化 (1)单复数不同形,(2)单复数同形,考点二：可数名词的复数形式 (3)某国人变复数的口诀：中日不变英法变,其余s加后面。,考点二：可数名词的复数形式 (4)集体名词的单复数形式随句子意义而定。 如：Theres room for a family of five. His family are completely behind him, whatever he decides. (5)表示由两部分构成的东西，如glasses，trousers，shorts，scissors，clothes等，若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair ，suit 等。 如：a pair of glasses two pairs of trousers,考点二：可数名词的复数形式 注意： 1.“数词-名词(-形容词)”的特殊用法“数词-名词(-形容词)”，中间的名词不能用复数形式，必须用单数形式。这个结构只放在所修饰的名词之前作定语，作用相当于形容词。 如：an eight-year-old boy 一个8岁的男孩 a 100-metre race 一场100米赛跑,考点二：可数名词的复数形式 2.名词作定语 (1)名词作定语修饰复数名词的时候，前面的名词不能用复数形式。 如：five boy students several shoe shops (2)由man和woman构成的复合名词，变复数时要把名词和man或woman同时变为复数。 如：a woman doctor some women doctors a man lawyer two men lawyers,即学即练 一、短语翻译。 1.一条裤子_ 2.一双袜子_ 3.一双鞋_ 4.一副眼镜_,a pair of trousers,a pair of socks,a pair of shoes,a pair of glasses,即学即练 二、用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. How many _ (sheep) can you see in the picture? Only one. 2.I like _ (fish) a lot, and my mother usually cooks it in different ways. 3.This table is made of _ (glass). 4.He found two _ (photo) in the room. 5.There are many _(woman teacher) in our school.,sheep,fish,glass,photos,women teachers,考点三：名词的所有格,1.s 所有格,考点三：名词的所有格 注意：表示某人的家、店铺或教堂的名字时，名词所有格的后面经常不出现它所修饰的词。 如：at Lilys at the doctors at the barbers 2.of用于无生命名词的所有关系时，常用“名词+of+名词”来表示。 如：the name of the film the cover of the book,考点三：名词的所有格 3.由“名词+of+名词性物主代词 / 名词所有格”构成的双重所有格。 如：a friend of mine a friend of Janes 4.to表示所有格的特殊用法。 如：the answer to the question the key to the door the way to the cinema,即学即练 一、短语翻译。 1.一张中国地图 _ 2.生活费用 _ 3.步行五分钟的路程 _ walk = a _ walk 4.三天的假期 _ holiday = a _ holiday,a map of China,the cost of living,five-minute,five minutes,three-day,three days,即学即练 二、用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.Tom is a son of my _ (aunt). 2. Where have you been, Tim? Ive been to _ (Henry). 3. _ (Tim and Peter) mothers both work in the same hospital.,aunts,Henrys,Tims and Peters,考点四：常考的名词辨析,1. work和job (1)work是不可数名词，泛指劳动。 如：I have much work to do. (2)job指具体的某种工作。 如：Linda wants to find a good job. 2. cook和cooker (1)cook 如：He is good at cooking. His dream is to be a good cook. (2)cooker 如：The cooker was electric.这套厨具是用电的。,考点四：常考的名