中考英语总复习专题二代词课件

专题二 代词,1.概念 代词是代替名词的一种词类，具有名词和形容词的功能。 2.分类 英语中的代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。,考点归纳,考点一：人称代词 1. 人称代词分为主格和宾格。 主格有八个：I，you（你），he，she，it，they，you（你们），we 宾格有八个：me，you（你），him，her，it，them，you（你们），us,考点梳理,1. My mother used to make breakfast for every morning, but now I do it myself. (2015重庆市) A. mine B. my C. I D. me 2. Good books are like wise friends, because support you to walk forward and help you understand the world. (2015临沂市) A. they B. their C. them D. themselves,考点自测,D,A,2.主格和宾格的用法（句子主语用主格；动、介词后接宾格）。 （1）主格：在句子中只能做主语，通常放在句子开头，即谓语动词的前面。主格常常与谓语动词在人称和数等方面保持一致。 如：She was at school yesterday. 她昨天在学校里。 They all like listening to Mr. Guos English class. 他们都喜欢听郭老师的英语课。,考点梳理,（2）宾格：在句子中常常作宾语，偶尔也作表语。 宾格放在及物动词give，pass，take，buy，tell，like等词的后面，作宾语。 如：My father often tells me some interesting stories. 爸爸经常给我讲一些有趣的故事。 Mom, can you take us to the park tomorrow? 妈妈，明天你能带我们去公园吗？,考点梳理,介词不单独使用，其后面常常接宾语。宾格就常常接在介词（in，on，under，to，at，behind，between，for，of 等词）的后面作介宾短语。 如：What about them? 他们怎么样？ 宾格用作表语。 如： Whos it? 是谁呀？ Its me. 是我。,考点梳理,3. Everyone makes mistakes in his life. The important thing is not to repeat . (2015南京市) A. it B. them C. him D. her 4. Is the man who is singing your teacher? Yes, he teaches physics. (2015凉山彝族自治州) A. we B. our C. ours D. us,考点自测,B,D,3.人称代词的排序 人称代词肩并肩，排列顺序要过关；单数人称二三一，复数人称一二三；I词出现放后边，表示礼貌译在前。,考点梳理,考点自测,5. Peter, who will take part in the sports meeting? . A. I, Tom and you B. Tom, you and I C. You, Tom and I D. You, I and Tom,C,考点梳理,考点二：物主代词 1. 物主代词的形式,考点自测,1. I cant find my ruler. May I use ? Of course. Here you are. (2015广安市) A. you B. your C. yours D. yourself 2. David, is that English teacher? Yes, he is . He is very caring. (2015滨州市) A. yours；ours B. your；our C. yours；our D. your；ours,C,D,考点梳理,2. 物主代词的基本用法,考点梳理,（续表）,物主代词的基本用法口诀如下： 形物代词能力差，自己不能来当家；句子当中作定语，后面要把名词加。 名物代词能力强，自己独来又独往；句子成分主表宾，后面名词不能加。,考点梳理,3. Sally, may I use your iPad? is broken. OK, here you are. (2015资阳市) A. Your B. Yours C. Mine D. My 4. Jane, is this your umbrella? No, its not . I didnt take one this morning. (2015福州市) A. me B. my C. mine D. I,考点自测,C,C,3. 物主代词的特殊用法 在双重所有格中只能用名词性物主代词。 如：a friend of mine 我的一个朋友 a classmate of hers 她的一个同学,考点梳理,考点自测,5. Look, who is the man over there? Well, he is . A. a friend of my uncle B. a friend of my uncle C. a friend of my uncles D. a friend of my uncles,D,考点梳理,考点三：反身代词 1. 英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。其基本形式如下表所示：,（1）每个反身代词都表示“自己” 。 如：myself 我自己 yourself 你（们）自己 （2）反身代词在句中可作动词、介词的宾语, 表示动作的执行者和承受者是同一个人或物。 如：I cooked myself a good meal. 我为自己做了一顿美味的饭菜。 She can look after herself. 她可以照顾好自己。,考点梳理,1. Im afraid I wont pass the exam. Come on, Bill. You should believe in . Thats the secret of success. (2015连云港市) A. myself B. ourselves C. yourself D. yourselves 2. Liu Mei can speak Japanese so well! Who taught her? Nobody. She taught .(2015漳州市) A. her B. hers C. herself D. she,考点自测,C,C,2.反身代词的习惯用法 反身代词常放在help，teach，buy，enjoy，hurt，dress，look after，make等动词、动词短语或介词 by 后面作宾语,构成习惯用法。 如：Did you enjoy yourselves in the park yesterday? 你们昨天在公园玩得开心吗？ Children, please help yourselves to some fish. 孩子们，请随便吃一些鱼。,考点梳理,3. Last month, I went to the computer museum with my parents. We enjoyed and learned a lot. (2015吉林省) A. us B. ourselves C. our D. we 4. Look at this model ship. I made it all by last week. Wow, you are so smart! (2015广东省) A. me B. my C. mine D. myself,考点自测,B,D,3.一些常用的固定搭配 teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself 自学 enjoy oneself 玩得高兴；过得愉快 help oneself to sth. 请自用（随便吃 / 喝些） say to oneself 自言自语,考点梳理,考点自测,5. Huang Wei rides a bike very well. Who taught him? No one. He taught . (2015铜仁市) A. him B. he C. his D. himself 6. How was your visit to the Palace Museum? Wonderful! We enjoyed very much. (2015德阳市) A. ours B. yours C. yourselves D. ourselves,D,D,考点四：指示代词 1. 指示代词分单数（this / that）和复数（these / those），既可作限定词又可作代词。 作限定词，如： This girl is Mary. 这个女孩是玛丽。 Those men are my teachers. 那些男人是我的老师。 作代词，如： This is Mary. 这是玛丽。 Those are my teachers. 那些是我的老师。,考点梳理,考点梳理,1. is Mr. White and is my father. Nice to meet you. A. This；those B. That；these C. These；these D. This；this,考点自测,D,2.指示代词的句法功能 （1）用作主语，如： This is the way to do it. 这事儿就该这样做。 （2）用作宾语，如： I like this better than that. 我喜欢这个甚于那个。 （3）用作主语补语，如： My point is this. 我的观点就是如此。 （4）用作介词宾语，如： I dont say no to that. 我并未拒绝那个。 There is no fear of that. 那并不可怕。,考点梳理,2. two boys are Mr Greens two sons. Yes, I heard sing English songs at the party last weekend. A. That；they B. Those；them C. That；them D. Those；they,考点自测,B,3. 电话通话中通常用this 指代自己，that指对方。 如：This is Lily speaking. Whos that? 我是莉莉，您是哪位？,考点自测,考点梳理,3. Hello, Tommys Coffee Shop. Hello, Judy. I would like to order some coffee. A. Im；Im B. here is；this is C. this is；this is D. this is；Im 4. Who is that speaking? Mike speaking. (2015眉山市) A. Im B. My name is C. That is D. This is 5. Hello, this is David. Can I speak to Tom? Yes. . (2015铜仁市) A. Tom is me B. This is Tom speaking C. I am Tom D. My name is Tom,D,B,B,4. 表比较时，不可数名词或可数名词单数形式用that,复数用those。 如：The weather in Harbin is colder than that in Guangdong in winter. 在冬天，哈尔滨的天气比广东的天气冷。 5. one用来指代同各异物的可数名词单数，ones指复数。 如：I have a red bag. My best friend also has one. 我有一个红色的书包，我的好朋友也有一个。,考点梳理,6. The stories were written by Mark Twain are often humorous. (2015广州市) A. that B. those C. who D. what 7. The trees in my school are taller than in the park. A. that B. one C. the ones D. those,考点自测,A,D,考点五：不定代词 1.不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫作不定代词 （1）普通不定代词 some ，any ，somebody ， anybody ， nobody，someone ， anyone ， no one，something ， anything ， nothing，one ， none （2）个体不定代词 every ， each，other ， another，either ， neither，everybody ， everyone ， everything （3）数量不定代词 many ， much，few ， a few ， little ， a little a lot of ， lots of ， a great deal of ， a great many,考点梳理,（1）不定代词用作主语，如： Both of them are teachers. 他们两人都是教师。 （2）不定代词用作宾语，如： I know nothing about this person. 我对这个人一无所知。 （3）不定代词用作表语，如： This book is too much for a child. 这本书对一个小孩来说太难了。 （4）不定代词用作定语，如： There is a little water in the glass. 玻璃杯里有一些水。,考点梳理,1. Our teacher was very happy because failed the examination. (2015江西省) A. somebody B. nobody C. anybody D. everybody 2. I always believe that is difficult if we try our best to do it. (2015重庆市) A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing 3. Wow, so many new buildings in our hometown. Yes. has changed in our hometown. (2015盐城市) A. Nothing B. Nobody C. Everything D. Everybody,考点自测,B,D,C,2.常用不定代词用法举例 （1）some和any；both，either和neither some 一些，某些，某个；any 一些，任何；both 全部，都 ；either 两者之中的任何一个，这个或那个；neither 两个之中一个也不是。 一般情况下，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和一般疑问句。但说话人有请求或建议时，一般疑问句中也要用some。 如：Would you like some food? (疑问句) 你想要一些食物吗？,考点梳理,不定代词some可以作名词和形容词，常用在肯定句中作主语、宾语、定语等。作定语时，它可以修饰可数名词（单、复数皆可）和不可数名词。 如：Some are doctors and some are nurses. 有些人是医生，有些人是护士。（作主语） 不定代词any可以作名词和形容词，常用在否定句或疑问句中作主语、宾语、定语等。作定语时，它可以修饰可数名词（多为复数）和不可数名词。 如：There isnt any ink in my pen. 我的钢笔没有墨水。（作定语）,考点梳理,不定代词any有时也可以用在肯定句中，表示“任何的” 。 如：You may come at any time. I will be home the whole day. 你任何时候来都行，我整天都将待在家里 。 不定代词any也可以用作副词，作状语，表示程度。 如：Is he any better today? 他今天好一点了吗？ 不定代词both指两个人或事物，可以用作主语、宾语、定语或同位语。 如：We invited both to come to our farm. 我们邀请两个人都来我们的农场。（作宾语）,考点梳理,不定代词 either 可以用作主语、宾语和定语。 如：Either of them will agree to this arrangement. 他们两人中会有人同意这样的安排的。（作主语） 不定代词 neither 是 either 的否定形式，可以用作主语、宾语和定语。 如：Neither is interesting. 两个都没有趣。（作主语）,考点梳理,4. What would you like, tea or coffee? , thanks. I just prefer a glass of water. (2015福州市) A. Both B. Neither C. Either D. Any 5. Jiefangbei is not far from Chaotianmen. You can easily visit in a day. (2015眉山市) A. each B. none C. both D. neither 6. Unfortunately, I was sitting at the table with smokers on side of me. (2015杭州市) A. either B. both C. other D. all,考点自测,B,C,A,（2）all和none；each和every all 全体，所有；none 无人，无物；each 每个，各自的；every 每个，每一的，一切的。 不定代词all在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语或同位语。它可以代表或修饰可数名词和不可数名词。代表或修饰可数名词时，指两个以上的人或物。作先行词时，引导词用that。 如：All people are at the meeting. 全都到会了。（作主语，代表可数名词）,考点梳理,不定代词none的含义和all相反，和no one，not any同义，但其用法相当于名词，在句子中一般用作主语或宾语。它代替不可数名词用作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；代替可数名词用作主语时，谓语动词用单、复数皆可。 如：None of the problems is are easy to solve 这些问题没有一个是容易解决的。（作主语，代替可数名词） 不定代词each指每一个人或事物的个别情况。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。 如：She gave the children two apples each她给了每个小孩两个苹果。（作the children的同位语。）,考点梳理,不定代词every有“全体” 的意思，和all的意义相近，但只能作定语。 如：There are hospitals in every town of China. 中国的每个城镇都有医院。,考点梳理,考点自测,7. The city has changed a lot. There are many tall buildings on side of the busy street. A. both B. all C. each D. every 8. Xiaoli is the right person to show the foreigner around, for of us can speak English except her. A. all B. each C. both D. none,C,D,（3）the other，another，other，others，the others the other意为“（两个中的）另一个”，常见于“two one the other” 。 如：I have two pictures of the Great Wall here. You have seen oneNow Ill show you the other. 我这儿有两张长城的照片。有一张你已经看过了。现在我给你看另一张。（作宾语） another意为“另一个，又一个” 如：You will have to stay here for another five days. 你还得在这儿待五天。 another five days=five more days又一个五天，再五天,考点梳理,other意为“其他的，别的”，后面接可数名词的复数形式或不可数名词。 如：You can talk to other classmates in your class. 你可以和班上的其他同学聊天。 others意为除我之外的其他人或事物。后面不可再接其他名词。 如：I am glad to help others. 我乐于助人。 the others特指剩下的那部分人或事物，相当于the rest of，常见于“some some the others”。 如：He started to applaud and the others joined in. 他开始鼓掌，其他人也跟着鼓起掌来。,考点梳理,9. We cant do it that way but whether it will work is matter. (2015安徽省) A. other B. another C. each D. every 10. Have you watched the TV report about MERS? Yes, its new dangerous disease (疾病). (2015宜昌市) A. the other B. another C. others D. other,考点自测,B,B,（4）many和much ；few和a few；little和a little many意为“很多”，修饰可数名词。在句中可以作主语、宾语或定语等。 如：There are many books in our library. 我们图书馆有很多书。（作定语） much意为“很多”，修饰不可数名词。在句中可以作主语、宾语或定语等。 如：Much has been done to protect our environment. 已经做了许多工作来保护我们的环境。（作主语） few意为“很少、不多”,修饰可数名词,表示否定概念。 如：The problem is so hard that few students can solve it. 这个问题太难了，很少学生可以解决。,考点梳理,a few意为“少数、一些”，修饰可数名词，表示肯定概念。 如：I have a few friends in Beijing. 我在北京有一些朋友。 little意为“很少、不多”，修饰不可数名词，表示否定概念。 如：Tom, there is little meat in the fridge. Go and buy some, please. 汤姆，冰箱里很少肉了，去买一些。 a little意为“少量、一点”，修饰不可数名词，表示肯定概念。 如：I had a little soup for dinner last night. 我昨天晚上喝了一点汤。,考点梳理,11. Steve and Jack didnt think of their school. Everything is so old. (2015绵阳市) A. many B. much C. more D. less 12. Hurry up, kids! The school bus is coming. We have time left. (2015广州市) A. few B. a few C. little D. a little,考点自测,B,C,（5）复合不定代词，如somebody / someone / nothing等，被形容词修饰时形容词要放在它们的后面。 如：I have something important to say. 我有一些重要的事情要说。,考点梳理,考点自测,13. There is interesting in todays newspaper. You dont need to read it. (2015吉林省) A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything,B,14. I bought for my mother on Mothers Day this year. (2015长春市) A. special anything B. anything special C. special something D. something special 15. What about doing for the homeless people? Good idea! (2015齐齐哈尔市) A. anything helpful B. something