[英语]牛津英语六年级全年级重点知识点_句型_单词_短语整理总结.doc

6A unit 1 public signs知识点：1 标志语：以No开头的，表示禁止做某事，后面要用ing形式，如：No swimming.以dont 或者 do not 开头的，也表示禁止做某事，不过后面动词要用原型（秦淮一中心小学期中考试，完型填空和填空题目考到）如：Do not touch.以动词原形开头的，如：Be quiet.2情态动词must,would should,can,may都是情态动词；must表示必须一定要做的事情；would表示想要做的事情，would like to do sth；should（shouldnt）表示应该或不应该；can表示能够，会做某事；may表示可以或允许做某事。情态动词，没有人称和数的变化，后面都跟动词原型。变成一般疑问句，将情态动词提到句子开头。变成否定句，在后面加not，有的可以缩写：should not= shouldnt, can not=cant would not=wouldnt will not =wont重点句型：1 What does it /this/that/mean?它/这个/那个是什么意思？It means you /wemust/should/shoudnt.意思是你/我们必须/应当/不应该。解析： 当你不知道一个标志、一个词语或者一句话的意思时，可以用这句话来询问。同时可以用It means来回答。2Can I .?我能。吗？No,you cant.You should now.不，你不能。你现在应该。解析：当你想做某事的时，可以用这句话来询问。否定回答后，可以用You should。给出建议。重点单词：四会要求：always总是question问题ask问，请求，要求mean意思是，意指must必须，应当should应当，应该shouldnt=should not不应该take a walk散步pick拾，采pickup拾起，捡起三会要求：public公共的，公众sign标志；告示牌子cousin堂（表）弟姐妹danger危险away（离）开grass草地、草keepoff（使）让开，（使）不接近。bird鸟cage笼子quiet安静的，静静的be quiet保持安静noise噪声，喧闹声makenoise发出(喧闹)声音smoke吸烟litter乱丢杂物park停放汽车stay away (from)（使）远离touch触，摸，接触Do not touch禁止触摸suddenly突然（地）something某事；某物note钞票，纸币around周围；在附近look around环顾，往四下看nearby附近的quickly快地keeper看守人come up上来point指fine罚款重点短语：Public signs 公共标志 No smoking 禁止吸烟No littering 禁止乱丢杂物 No parking禁止停车Do not touch 禁止触摸 No eating or drinking禁止吃喝Keep off the grass 禁止践踏草坪 Be quiet安静Make noise制造噪音 go in 进去On the birds cage在鸟笼上 take a walk散步Look around环顾 walk on the grass在草地上走Stay away from远离Unit 2 Bens birthday知识点：1 序数词：表示次序的词为序数词。由基数词变序数词的规则：基变序，有规律，词尾加上-th(fourth,sixth);第一、第二、第三特殊记，结尾字母t d d（first，second，third）；八去t;九去e(eighth,ninth);ve要用f替（fifth，twelfth）；ty将y改成i,th前面有个e(twentirth,thirtieth);若是碰到几十几，前用基来后用序（twenty-first）。2 介词 in on at 的用法In 表示“段”时间，常用在年份、月份、季节前，也用在上午、下午和晚上前。On表示具体的某一天，常用在星期、具体的一天前。At用在时刻前，如：at ten oclock在十点钟。重点句型1 Whens your birthday?你生日是什么时候？解析：这个句子可以这样回答：Its on +日期in +月份英语中可以用when 来对时间和日期进行提问。如：他什么时候去动物园？When does he go to the zoo?2 My birthdays on .我的生日在。解析：英语中“日”是用序数词来表示的。1月1日： The first of January 在具体哪一日要用介词on.3 What would you like as a birthday present?你想要什么东西做生日礼物？Id like .我想要。Would like 想要通常可以缩成d like与want 意思用法都相同。Would like后接动词用动词不定式，would like to do sthWould you like +sth(some不变成 any)？重点单词：四会要求：birthday生日date日期when什么时候，何时whens= when is first第一（的）second第二（的）third第三（的）fourth第四（的）present礼物、赠品March三月April四月May五月June六月三会要求：January一月February二月July七月August八月September九月October十月November十一月December十二月fifth第五sixth第六twelfth第十二twentieth第二十twenty-first第二十一VCD影视光碟Alddin阿拉丁wait等待Lets wait and see.让我们等着瞧。Doorbell门铃take off脱下costume全套服饰、戏服Happy birthday to you!祝你生日快乐blow out吹灭candle蜡烛重要短语：Bens birthday本的生日 Have a birthday party 举行生日聚会Talk about something谈论某事Talk to with somebody和某人谈话Blow out the candles 吹灭蜡烛Take odd your coat 脱下你的外衣Take it off脱下它（代词要放在中间）Japanese cartoons 日本动画片Lets wait and see让我们等会看As a birthday present作为一个生日礼物In May 在五月On the first of April在四月一日Unit3 It was there!知识点：一般过去式态一般过去时表示过去的动作或者状态。这种动作或状态可能是一次性的，也可能是经常性的。be动词的过去式单数was复数是were否定句，直接在was were的后面加上not例如：I was at home yesterday(改为否定句)I was not at home yesterday.一般疑问句把was,were提到前面例如I was at home yesterday(改为一般疑问句)Were you at home yesterday ?Yes,I wasNo I wasnt重要句型：1 Wheres my your 我的、你的。在哪儿？（用来对单数提问）Its oninin front ofbetween the 它在。上面、在。里面、在。前面、在。中间Wheres my crayon？我的蜡笔在哪儿Its between the books.它在书中间。2 where are our/your我们的、你们的。在哪儿？（用来对复数提问）Theyre onin in front ofbetween the.它们在。上面、在。前面、在。中间。Where are your books?你的书在哪儿？Theyre on the bookcase.在书架上。3 It isnt there now.它现在不在那了。（指现在） It was there a moment ago.它刚才在那儿（只过去，现在不在了）They were there a moment ago。他们刚才在那儿。（复数形式）四会要求：was是（am,is的过去式）wasnt=was notwere是（are的过去式）werent=were not excited兴奋的、激动的take photos拍照片look for寻找moment片刻、瞬间ago以前a moment ago刚刚just now刚才mobile phone手机glasses眼镜 三会要求sportsday体育运动日race比赛runningrace赛跑exciting令人兴奋的、令人激动的camera照相机film胶卷；电影ground地面earphone耳机diary日记CDWalkman光盘随身听roll卷，卷状物a roll of film一卷胶卷remember记住find（指的是寻找的结果）重点词组：Sports Day 体育运动日 all the stedents 所有的学生Watching a running race 观看赛跑 look for 寻找（指寻找的过程）A moment ago 一会儿前 just now刚才Pick them up 把它们捡起来A pair of glasses 一副眼镜A roll of film一卷胶卷Try to remember试着记住Unit 5 On the farm 知识点：1 一般过去时的集中句子结构陈述句：a 肯定句：主语+动词的过去式+其他。 B 否定句：主语+助动词didnt+动词原型+其他。一般疑问句：助动词Did + 主语+动词原型+其他。特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句What+助动词did+主语+动词原型+其他。2 There be 句型的过去时态肯定句：There waswere a ansome。否定句：There wasntwerent a anany一般疑问句：WasWere there a an any?回答：Yes there waswere, No there wasnt/werent四会要求:holiday假日、假期last最近刚过去的、最后的early早的meet遇见，见到；相遇before在以前did（do的过去式）pull up拉出、把向上拔taste品尝farm农场milk挤奶cow母牛、奶牛milk cow挤奶pick采、摘pick apples摘苹果zoo动物园else别的，其它的三会要求：film电影watch a film看电影National Day国庆日carrot胡萝卜fun有趣的、娱乐collect收集wonderful精彩的；太好了camp野营、营地mountain山mountains山脉，山区重点词组The National Day holiday国庆假日Last week上星期The first day of school上学第一天After the holiday假日后In the school playground 在学校操场上Before class 上课前Watch a film观看一场电影 A funny cartoons 一部有趣的卡通片Visit a farm参观农场Taste them 品尝它们Pull up carrots 拔胡萝卜 Milk cows挤牛奶Collect eggs收集鸡蛋Pick a lot of oranges摘许多橘子Walk in the mountains在山上行走At a camo在一个野营营地上Cook a lot of food 煮许多食物Unit 6 Holidays知识点：1 talk to sb 与某人谈话；talk about sth 谈论某事；talk about with sb=talk to do about sth与某人谈论某事2 watch 与look see read等词的区别look 是不及物动词，后面不能直接跟宾语。强调有意识地“看“，着重指动作。Look at 相当于一个及物动词的短语，其后可以跟宾语。多用来强调“看”的动作。see是及物动词，后面可以跟宾语。意为“看到，看见”强调“看”的结果。read多用来指阅读文字，图片等资料。如“看书，看报”等watch 多用来指“看电视、看电影、看比赛“等。3 动词过去式的变化规则动词的变化：在后面+ed如planted, watered,climbed以e结尾的动词，在后面+d如：liked tasted个别以y结尾的动词，变y为ied study-studied双写尾字母+ed如：stopstopped不规则动词的变化：is am -was dodidAre-were havehashad,Make-made fly- flewEat- ate take-tookRun-ran singsangDrink-drank等等重要句型：1Whens Spring Festival ?春节在什么时候？ Iis in January or February.它在一月或二月。2What do people usually do at Spring Festival?在春节人们通常会做什么？They eat lots of delicious food.他们吃许多美味的食物。3Did you eat lots of delicious food last Spring Festival?去年春节你吃了许多美味的食物了吗？Yes,I did 是的4Whats your favourite holiday?你最喜欢的节日是什么？Its。是。重点单词：四会要求：Christmas圣诞节Christmas Day圣诞日，圣诞节New Years Day元旦New Year新年May Day国际劳动节Childrens Day儿童节people人，人们had（have,has的过去式）went (go的过去式) also也，还their他（她、它）们的moon cake月饼eat mooncakes吃月饼三会要求：festival节日Spring Festival春节relative亲戚；亲属delicious美味的，可口的favourite特别喜爱的dress up装扮Mid-Autumn Festival中秋节Easter复活节Dragon Boat Festival龙舟节，端午节popular多数人喜爱的；流行的beach海滩dumpling粽子；团子；饺子重点短语New Years Day 元旦 Childrens Day 儿童节Spring Festival春节 Mid-Autumn Festival中秋节May Day 五一劳动节 dress up in costumes穿戏服装扮Come after 随之而来 go to parties 去参加派对Have a big lunch吃一顿丰盛的午餐 visit relatives and friens拜访亲戚朋友eat a lot of delicious food 吃许多美味的食物last Halloween去年万圣节my favourite holiday 我最喜欢的节日play with lanterns 玩灯笼watch the moon赏月make pumpkin lanterns做南瓜灯笼watch dragon boat races看龙舟比赛Unit 7 at Christmas知识点：物主代词分为两种：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词，它不能单独使用，后面必须跟名词。通常在名词前做定语。如：We are doing our homework（我们正在做家庭作业）名词性物主代词，它具有名词的性质，单独使用。在句中作主语、宾语或表语。如：My shirt is black,but yours is white.(我的衬衫是黑色的，但你的是白色的。)名词性物主代词具有“形容词性物主代词+名词”的作用。如：Whose comb is it?(这是谁的梳子？)Its hers(这是她的)hers=her comb重点句型 1 This one is from Grandpa.Its yours 这是爷爷送的。它是你的。2Who is the present from? 这个礼物是谁送的？ Its from my Dad.是我爸爸送的3 Open it for me ,please.请为我打开它。4Thank you very much!十分感谢！Youre welcome.不用谢。5Whose comn is it?这是谁的梳子？Its mine.它是我的。6Whose skateboards are they ?这些滑板是谁的？Theyre theirs是他们的。He ponited to the woman beside him他指着他旁边的女士。Look!The picture of the football in your book is good!看！你书上的足球图片很好！重点单词：四会要求：mine我的(东西)his他的(东西)hers她的(东西)yours你的（东西）；你们的(东西)ours我们的(东西)theirs他（她、它）们的(东西)in front of在前面beside在旁边；靠近answer回答，答复tea茶，茶叶watch手表ask问；请求，要求三会要求：wallet皮夹子Youre welcome.别客气；不用谢teapot茶壶calculator计算器skateboard滑板hairdryer吹风机comb梳子mirror镜子sunny晴朗的，阳光充足的sat（sit的过去式）back后部；背后at the back of在的后部；在的后面get off下车seat座位got(get的过去式)nobody没有人police station（地方的）警察局重点短语On Christmas Day在圣诞节 in his grandparents house在他祖父母家里Under the Christmas tree在圣诞树下 so many presents那么多的礼物like the color very much非常喜欢这种颜色a Christmas party 一个圣诞聚会at the back of the bus 在公共汽车后面 get off 下车under the seat 在座位底下in front of me 在我面前the woman beside him 在他傍边的女士walk to the driver走向司机ask him to take it to the police station 请求他把它带到警察局6B unit 1 who is younger?知识点：1 Your motehr and you aunt both look young.你妈妈和你阿姨看上去年轻。解析：both指“两个都”，多余两者时用all ,all指三者或者三者以上的人或物。Look young 意为“看上去年轻”，look在这里表示“看上去，看起来”，后街形容词。2 The man in black is your father ,I think.我觉得那个穿黑衣服的男子是你的爸爸。解析：in black 意思是“穿着黑色的衣服”。表示某人穿着什么颜色的衣服，常用“in+aan+颜色+衣服”或者“in + 颜色”。3 Everyone wants to be goalkeeper.每个人都想成为守门员。 解析：Want to be 意思“想成为。” want to 后跟动词原型4 Whos taller than David? 谁比大卫高？解析 这是一个特殊疑问句。Who 用来对“人”提问，一般情况下后面用第三人称单数形式， than后面得人称代词用宾语，即“Who is +比较级+than+名字或人称代词宾语”的句式，回答用I am You are .is5 Whose school bag is heavier, yours or mine? 谁的书包更重，你的还是我的？解析：这是一个选择疑问句，选择疑问句还可以用其他特殊疑问词来提问。如Which/Who +比较级，。or？回答用：is.6 Are you as tall as your twin sister?你和你双胞胎妹妹一样高吗？解析：asas意思是“和。一样”两这之间的形容词或者副词要用原形，在表示“两者都一样”时，其句型为“A+ be 动词实义动词+as +形容词副词+as+B”重点句型：1 Whos younger than him ? 谁比他年轻？ My brother is younger than him . 我弟弟比他年轻。2、Are you as tall as Tom ? 你和汤姆一样高吗？3、Do you have any brothers or sisters?Yes,I do . No,I dont. I have a brother./I have a sister.4、Whose schoolbag is heavier,yours or mine ?Mine is./My schoolbag is heavier than yours .重点词组1.on Sunday morning 在星期天早晨 2.go for a walk 去散步 3. look the same 看起来一样 4. one day 某一天5.as tall as 与.一样高 as fat as 与.一样胖as long as 与.一样长6. shorter than 比.矮bigger than比大heavier than比重7. twenty minutes younger小二十分钟 8.one year older 大一岁9.sit down under a big tree 坐在大树下 10.be glad to do 非常高兴做某事11.see them/him/you 看见他们/他/你 12.look different 看起来不同13.a twin sister 双胞胎姐妹 14.my classmate/deskmate我的同班同学/同桌 15.how old 多大 16.the only child 仅有的一个孩子 17.a cute little dog一只可爱的小狗 18.get a brother 得了个弟弟19.a tall boy 一个高个子的男孩 20.a young teacher 一位年轻的教师21.some heavy boxes 一些重的盒子 22.whose classroom 谁的教室23.your old friend(s) 你的老朋友 24.a heavy schoolbag 一只重的书包25.a strong goalkeeper 一个强壮的守门员26.brothers and sisters 兄弟姐妹27.the girl in red 穿红衣服的女孩 28.yours or mine 你的还是我的29.look young 看起来年轻 30.have a chat 聊天、闲谈31.asksome queations问一些问题重点句型1、Whos younger than him ? 谁比他年轻？ My brother is younger than him . 我弟弟比他年轻。 2、Are you as tall as Tom ? 你和汤姆一样高吗？3、Do you have any brothers or sisters?Yes,I do .No,I dont. I have a brother./I have a sister.4、Whose schoolbag is heavier,yours or mine ?Mine is./My schoolbag is heavier than yours .重点单词than 比，chat聊天，young年轻的old年老的strong 强壮的 fat 胖的 thin 瘦的 heavy 重的light 轻的short短的、矮的long 长的tall高的small小的big大的sit(sat)坐meet(met)遇见、见面twin (双胞胎)之一as 作为minute 分钟only惟一的、仅有的child孩子(children孩子们)little小的cute 伶俐的、可爱的also 也 centimetre 厘米height身高 weight体重 worm蠕虫Unit 2 More excise 知识点：1 Jim is good at English and Maths,吉姆擅长英语和数学解析：be good at 为动词短语，意思为“擅长于”。Be good ar后面直接加名词，若加动词的话，必须用动词-ing 形式，其同义短语是do well in 它们的比较结构分别是be better at 和 do better in2 He does not do well in他不擅长体育。解析：do well in 为动词短语，意思是“擅长、在。方面做的很好”do well in 后面可直接加名词，若加动词的话，必须用动词-ING形式。否定形式为do does not do well in,其同义短语是be good at它们的比较结构分别是do better in 和 be better at3 He is talking to his dad about it,他正在和他爸爸谈论这件事解析：talk to sb 同义短语是talk with sb 意思是“对某人说”to 或with 后面的人称代词必须是宾格。Talk abou sth.谈论某事；talk to sb about sth.和某人谈论某事。4 Do you need help with your homework?解析： need help with表示“在。方面需要帮助”后面接名词或动词-ing形式。5 Ben runs faster than me本跑得比我快解析：这是一个含有比较级的句子，由“动词+副词的比较级+than”构成，than后面的人称代词必须是宾格，run是实义动词，后面加副词。6 Mike runs as fast as Ben 迈克跑到和本一样快解析：“as.as”结构的句型，其句为“A+实义动词+as+副词原级+as+B”注意 as.as 中间用形容词或副词的原级。7 Ill get up earlier every day and do some exciese before I do to school.我会每天起的更早一些，上学之前多做写运动。解析 get up early 意思是早起。注意区别go to school 上学 go to the school去学校。重点句型I get up early than you.我起床比你起得早。Ben runs faster than Jim.本跑得比吉姆快。Do the boys jump higher than the girls? Yes, they do.男生们跳得比女生们高吗？ 是的。Does Jim swim slower than David? 吉姆游得比大卫慢吗？No, he doesnt. David swims slower than Jim.不，大卫游得比吉姆慢。Im good at Chinese.=I do well in Chinese.我擅长语文。（I am not good at Chinese.=I dont do well in Chinese.）Jim is good at English. =Jim does well in English.吉姆擅长英语。(Jim isnt good at English.=Jim doesnt do well in Chinese.)Jim is not as strong as the other boys. 吉姆不如其他男生强壮。Mike runs as fast as Ben.迈克跑得和本一样快。I think you do other things better than your classmates.我认为你做其他事情比你同班同学好。The traffic was heavier than yesterday.交通比昨天拥挤。重点词组1. be good at 擅长 2.do well in 擅长(do better in 更擅长)3.do more exercise做更多的锻炼 4.as strong as 和一样强壮 5.the other children 其他的孩子 6.want to do better 想做得更好 7.Whats the matter?怎么啦？ 8.well done 做得不错、干得好9.run faster than me 跑得比我快 10.run as fast as him 跑得和他一样快11.a good football player一个好的足球运动员 12.jump very high跳得很高 13.do other things better than your classmates做其他事情比你的同班同学好 14.jump higher than 跳得比高 15.Thats true.对的。 16.some of the boys 某些男孩 17.Dont worry.别担心。 18.get stronger变得更强壮 19.a good idea一个好主意20.jog to school慢跑去学校 21.play ball games玩球类运动22.read better than all of us 读得比我们所有人好23.want to do=would like to do想要做. 24.read the new words for the class为全班同学读生词25.get up earlier 更早的起床 26.every day 每天27. after school 放学后 28.start our lesson 开始上课 29.all the other children 所有其他的孩子重点 单词low低 high高 slow慢 fast快 late晚 early早 far远 well好/语气词bad糟糕的、坏的true正确的fish鱼（goldfish金鱼）exercise练习matter事件problem问题player运动员，演员 worry担心idea主意jog慢跑will将traffic 交通unit3 Asking the way知识点：1 Mr Smith comes from Australia.史密斯先生来自于澳大利亚解析： come from意思为“来自”，同一短语是be from两者用法相同，但它们的疑问和否定形式不一样。Come 实义动词，要借助于助动词do 或者does构成疑问句或否定形式，而be是系动词，通过be提到主语之前构成疑问形式，在be后面加not 构成否定形式。2 He is living in Nanjing now.他现在居住在南京解析 live in 是不及物动词，需要和in或on等介词连用，需要注意的是，当用疑问副词where提问时，live后面不能加in3 He is asking Yang Ling how to get there.他正在问杨玲怎样到达那里解析How to get there意思是“怎么样到达那里”句子中的how 后面接动词不定式形式。4 How far is it from here?它离这里有多远？Its about 大约。解析：how far 的意思是“多远”，用于对路程的提问，询问两地之间的距离。答句用“Its about 后接具体的数据回答。5 You can take No 5 你可以乘5路公共汽车解析： take在这里是“乘坐”的意思。Take a bus 意思是“坐公交车”，与by bus同义，但by bus 为介词短语，不能作谓语。易错点：问路：-Excuse me,can you tell me the way to ,please ?-Go along this street,and then turn at the crossing.The is on your -Thank you/Thanks.-Youre welcome./Thats all right./Not at all./Thats OK.其他问法：Can you show me the way to ?Can you tell me how to get to ? Can you tell me how I can get to ?How can I get there?How can I get to ?Wheres ?Which is the way to ?Is there a near here ?其他回答：Its over there./Its near the /Go down the street./Its on Road.Its in Street./You can take bus No.and get off at the stop./Go along Road,turn right/left at Road.The n go along Road.The place is on your right/left.路程问答法：How far is it from here?Its about metres/kilometres away.Its about minutes walk from here.重点句型：1.How many stops are there?2.Well,to get there faster,you can 3.I want to go to the /He wants to go to the 重点短语1.come from 来自于 2.live in China 住在中国 3.on holiday 度假 4. get there 到达那里5.get to your home到你的家 6.go to the city post office 去市邮局7.tell me the way to 告诉我去的路 8.let me see 让我想想 9.go along this street 沿着这条街走 10.turn right / left 向右/ 左转 11.at the third crossing 在第三个十字路口 12.on your left 在你的左边 13.you cant miss it .你不要错过。 14.how far 多远 15.a kilometre away 一公里远 16.a long/short walk 一段很长/短的路 17.take bus No. 5 乘5路车 18.how many stops 多少站 19.at the bus stop 公共汽车站 20.every five minutes 每隔五分钟 21.on River Road 在大江路 22.in Shanghai Street 在上海街23.get on 上车 24.get off at the third stop 在第三个车站下车25.Youre welcome. 不客气/不必谢。26.Your English is great! 你的英语很棒！ 27.last Sunday afternoon 上个星期天下午 28.run out of the shop 跑出商店29.a book about animals 一本有关动物的书 30.Stop thief ! 抓贼 ！ 31.follow him along the street沿街跟着他 32.catch the thief 抓住贼 33.get my purse back 取回我的钱包 34.Bank of China中国银行35.Tianmu Lake Hotel天目湖宾馆 36.a map of the town小镇地图重点单词：get到达way路away离开along沿着street大街crossing交叉路口stop停车站miss找不到、错过walk路程post office邮局bookshop书店(shoeshop鞋店toyshop玩具店fruitshop水果店)run-ran跑catch-caught抓tell-told告诉kilometre千米、公里history museum历史博物馆city城市shopping centre购物中心middle school中学primary school小学No.=number第号train station火车站bus station汽车站road街道、路suddenly突然steal(stole)偷out of在外shout大声喊叫thief小偷bank银行hotel宾馆place地方river河unit 5 The seasons知识点：1 Su Yangs dad is going to New York next week.素养的爸爸下周要去纽约。 解析：be going to 表示将要发生的事情或动作，是一般将来时的谓语部分，后面加动词原形。一般将来时的时间状语通常有soon（即将）tomorrow（明天），tomorrow morning afternoon evening this afternoonnext weekmonthyear,2 Whats the weather like there?那儿的天气怎么样？解析：Whats the weather like?是来询问天气情况的一个句子，另外询问天气我们也可以用How is the weather?它们的回答都是Its 后面加天气情况。3 Whats about autumn there?那儿的秋天怎么样？解析：Whats about的句型解释为“怎么样？”它通常是在有上下文的情况下提问，Whats about=How about,两者都可以直接跟名词或动词的ing形式。4 Does it often rain there in spring?那