考Unit3Traveljournal.doc

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考Unit 3 Travel journal1. transport n. & vt. n.Vt. 运送；运输搭配：transport sb./sth. to.把运到means of transport交通工具public transport公共交通 air/ road transport 空运/陆运 on/by public transport 乘坐公共交通工具 be transported with 为心荡神驰e.g. He was transported with joy.他欣喜若狂。辨析：transport 与 traffictransport:指“运输”这种行为或“运输工具”traffic: 指街上的行人车马，着重数量的多少 traffic jam拓展(1) transport还可作可数名词，表示“交通工具”。例如：It is easier to travel if you have your own transport.如果你自己有交通工具，旅行起来就方便多了。(2) transportation n.运输; 交通。例如：The railroad gives free transportation for a certain amount of baggage.铁路免费运送一定数量的行李。(3) 构词法:Trans-作为前缀，意为“横过；贯穿；转移”。例如：translate vi. Vt.翻译transfer vi. Vi.转移, 调离transmit vt.传输；传播【随时练】(1) 我的汽车正在修理, 所以我现在没有代步工具了。My car is being repaired so Im _ at the moment.(2) 我出门通常乘坐公共交通工具。I usually travel by_. (3) You will _ the resort by coach.游览车将把你们送到度假胜地。(4)The goods _ by plane.货物用飞机运送。2. prefer vt. 更喜欢 preference n. 偏爱(1)prefer sth. 更喜欢某物(2)prefer to do sth./doing sth. 更喜欢做某事(3)prefer sth. to sth. 与相比更喜欢e.g. Windy prefers dogs to cats. It rains cats and dogs.(4)prefer doing to doing prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.宁愿做而不愿做e.g. Windy prefers walking to cycling.(5)prefer to do rather than do sth.e.g. Windy prefers to walk rather than to cycle. (6)prefer sb. to do sth. prefer that sb. (should) do sth.宁愿某人做某事(7)prefer that (should) do 更喜欢；更愿意e.g. Would you prefer that we (should) cancel our dictation?注：提示：1.prefer 是“更喜欢”的意思，即 like better, 因此 prefer 不能再与 better, more 等比较级词语连用。2prefer 的过去式、过去分词、现在分词要双写字母r，然后加ed或ing ,即：prefer, preferred, preferred。即学即练2(1)I prefer _(_) there.我宁愿步行去那儿。(2)He said he _ the country _ the city.他说城市和乡村相比，他更喜欢乡村。(3)She prefers _ to _.跳舞和唱歌相比，她更喜欢跳舞。 (4)The soldier preferred _ rather than _.这位战士宁死不屈。(5)Id prefer you _ there alone.我倒希望你不要单独去那儿。(6)We prefer that they (_) _ it in a different way.我们倒希望他们用一种不同的方法去做。 3. fare(1)可数，“公共汽车、火车、出租车价，费用”e.g. All fares, please!请买票（公共汽车售票员用语）辨析：fare /fee/ charge/cost/price/expense(1)fare 指指乘坐公共汽车、轮船、出租车等交通费用。(2)fee（常作复数fees） 指给律师、医生等的费用或(考试)报名费，（加入俱乐部的）入会费等。(3)charge (可数或不可数)费用，索价；记账，赊账。(4)cost (可数或不可数)代价，价格，费用；(常复数)成本。(5)price 价格，价钱。(6)expense 支出，开支，费用；(常复数)经费，支出金额；(薪水外的)津贴。(2)可数，“付费的乘客（尤指出租车）”e.g. The taxi driver had only three fares last night.(3)不可数，“（尤指三餐的）饮食”e.g. How do you like the school fare?应用1(1)He cant earn enough to cover his own living _.他挣的钱不够他自己的生活开销。(2)_ are going up.物价正在上涨。(3)After I gave the taxi _ to the driver, I went to the office to pay my lawyers _.付了出租车费后，我去事务所付了律师费。(4)She built the house without regard to _.她盖这所房子根本不在乎花多少钱。(5)All goods are delivered free of _.一切物品免费送货。4Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip. 从高中起，我姐姐王薇和我就一直梦想作一次伟大的自行车旅行。ever since “从那以后”，句子要与现在完成时或现在完成进行时连用，类似的时间状语还有 so far, up till now, by now, recently, lately, since last month, in/for the past 一段时间，since.ago等。He came to England three years ago and has lived here ever since.他三年前来到英国，从那以后便一直住在这里。I havent seen her since ten years ago.自十年前至今，我没见过她。We have completed half of the work so far.到目前为止，我们完成了一半的工作。He hasnt written to me recently.他最近没给我写信。The couple have been working very hard for/in the past (last) ten years.在最近的十年里这对夫妇一直努力工作。拓展：It is/was/has been时间段since.自从已经多久了。It will be/was时间段before.再有多长时间才在 “It is/was时间段since.”句型中，若 since从句中的动词为延续性动词，句子意思要发生变化。It is three years since he joined the army. 他参军3年了。It is three years since he smoked.他戒烟3年了(不吸烟)。即境活用1(2009天津南开中学)How long do you suppose it is _ he arrived there?AwhenBbeforeCafter Dsince5. persuade vt. vt. 说服；劝说；使某人相信（暗示是成功的，如果未成功则用try to persuade搭配：persuade sb.persuade sb. to do sth. = persuade sb. into doing sth. 劝服某人做某事persuade sb. not to do sth. = persuade sb. out of doing sth. 说服某人不做某事 persuade sb. of sth. 使某人相信persuade sb. that使某人相信，劝服某人try to persuade sb. to do sth.advise sb. to do sth.尽力劝说某人做某事(但未必劝服)e.g. He tried to persuade her of his honesty. = He tried to persuade her that he was honest.Thank you for persuading my mother to let me join the army.谢谢你说服了我的妈妈让我参军I persuaded him into doing it.我说服他去做这件事。I persuaded Robert that the journey was too dangerous and he didnt go.我对罗伯特说那个旅行太危险,他被说服了,所以没有去。I am firmly persuaded that such is the fact.我坚信事实就是这样。He has persuaded me of its truth.他使我相信这是真的。【拓展】(1) persuasion n. 说服；说服力persuasive adj. 有说服力的,易使人信服的(2) persuade和advise的区别(1)advise 表示“劝告”的动作，不看结果，而 persuade 强调“已经说服”； advise 可接动词的ing 形式做宾语，也可接 that 引导的宾语从句(必须用虚拟语气 “should动词原形”)，而 persuade 不能。(2)persuade 还有“使人相信”的意思，搭配 persuade sb. of sth. 和 that 从句，而 advise 无此用法。例如：I persuaded him to go home. 我说服他回家了。I advised him to go home, but he refused.我劝他回家, 他拒绝了。【随时练】1. Mr. Li no longer smokes now because his wife _him to give up smoking last year.A. suggested B. advised C. persuaded D. told2. The businessman tried to_ me of his honesty and goodwill at first, but he turned out a deceiver.A. advise B. persuade C. remind D. understand即学即练3(1)I have never persuaded him _ _ others advice.我从没说服过他听从别人的劝告。(2)She tried to persuade him _ his mind.她试图劝他改变主意。(3)How can I persuade you _ my sincerity?How can I persuade you _ I am sincere?我怎样才能使你相信我的诚意呢？单项填空(1)Mr Li no longer smokes now because his wife_him to give up smoking last year.A.suggested B.advised C.persuaded D.told (2)The businessman tried to_me of his honesty and goodwill at first,but he turned out a deceiver.A.adviseB.persuadeC.remindD.understand (3)Much to our delight,Dr.John was finally_into joining our adventurous travel to the South Pole.A.advisedB.agreed C.admittedD.persuaded6. get them interestedinterested 用作宾语补足语(1)宾补的判断a. You think Jay handsome.宾（主格）+ be + 宾补 = 句子 Jay is handsome.b. His mother asked him to speak loudly.宾（主格）+ 补(do) = 句子 He spoke loudly.(2)e.g. The barber soon got me thinking. I got my hair cut.make/get + 宾语 + 宾补(adj./doing/done/to do)是一种常用的结构。其中现在分词做宾补时表示它与宾语之间为主谓关系，过去分词作宾语时表示它与宾语之间为动宾关系。7. graduategraduate from 毕业于学校 graduate in 毕业于专业8. finally/at last/ in the end(1)finally 常用来表示顺序，引出最后一项内容，一般不带有感情色彩。(2)at last 暗含“等候或耽误很长时间之后才”，带有浓厚的感情色彩，如不耐烦、不顺心、不如意等，而且语气很强烈。(3)in the end 表示经过许多变化、困难和捉摸不定的情况之后某事才发生，可以用来预示将来。应用2(1)_！ Where the hell have you been?总算找到你了！你到底上哪儿去了？(2)After a long delay the performance _ started.演出拖延很久，最后总算开始了。(3)_ they reached a place of safety.最后他们到达安全地带。9. It was / is . who / that【原句回放】It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends. (Page 18)【点拨】It was / is . Who / that . 为强调句型。在使用强调句型时要注意，指人时可以用who或that，其他情况一律用that。被强调部分可以是主语、宾语或状语等。如：It was my English teacher who / that helped me get interested in learning English.是我的英语老师帮助我培养了学习英语的兴趣。It was in the park that he met an old friend yesterday. 他昨天是在公园碰见了一个老朋友。上面的这个句子，强调的是地点状语。若强调时间状语，则可以表达为：It was yesterday that he met an old friend in the park. 若强调主语，则可以表达为：It was an old friend that / who he met in the park yesterday.【拓展】判断句子是否为强调句的方法：将一个句子中的It was / is和who / that去掉后，若句子的剩余部分是一个完整的句子，就是强调句型结构。否则的话就不是。【随时练】1. It was about 600 years ago _ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.A. that B. until C. before D. when 【答案与解析】1. A。本题考查对时间的强调。10. schedule n. & vt.搭配：schedule some time for sth. 为某事安排时间 = be scheduled for sth. schedule sb. to do sth. 安排某人做某事 = be scheduled to do sth.11. be fond of辨析：like, enjoy, prefer, be fond of易混词（组）辨析例句like“喜欢”，侧重指性格和习惯上的爱好。I dont like reading books.enjoy“喜欢，欣赏”，指在某种活动中获得乐趣。I want to enjoy a long journey.prefer“更喜欢”，指在两者中比较喜欢的一个。Which do you prefer, KFC or Mcdonalds?be fond of“喜欢”，对象为人或物，也可以指“溺爱”。12. insist(1) 坚持说，坚持认为insist on/upon sth./doing sth.insist on/upon sb.s doing sth. insist that-clause She insisted that she had done nothing wrong.(2)坚持主张，坚决要求，坚决主张We insisted that they (should) give us the change.【点拨】句中insist的意思为“坚持；强调”，后面从句的谓语动词常用should do，其中should可以省略。若insist表示“坚持认为”这个意思时，后面的从句应该用陈述语气。Her government insisted that she (should) stay until she finished her degree. 她的政府坚决主张她待到拿到学位。The stubborn man insisted that he (should) do it all by himself. 这个固执的人坚决要求独自做这件事情。Lucy insisted that she heard somebody in the house. 露西坚持认为她听到屋子里有人的声响。Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything.迈克坚持说他没有偷任何东西。【拓展】insist与介词on / upon构成短语insist on / upon (doing) sth.His parents insisted on his going to college.他的父母坚决主张他上大学。I insist on taking proper food for this bike trip.我坚决主张携带适合这次自行车旅行的食品。【随时练】1. Mr. Smith insisted that I _ his book within three days.A. returns B. returned C. had returned D. return2. The man insisted _a taxi for me even though T told him I live nearby.A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in finding【解析】1. D。句意为: Mr. Smith坚持认为他会在三天内把书还回来。insist的意思为“坚持；强调”，后面从句的谓语动词常用should do。2. C。insist on / upon (doing) sth. 句意为:虽然我说我家很近，但是他还是坚持给我一辆出租车.3.insist vt.坚持；强调【典型例句】I insisted that I hadnt seen the wallet.我坚持说我没有见过这个钱包。He insisted on/upon my going with him.他坚持要我跟他一起去。He insists she (should) not be invited to our party.他坚持要邀请她参加我们的聚会。 They insisted that he (should) be present at the ceremony.他们坚持要他出席这次仪式。【知识小结】(1)insist 表示“坚持要做某事”时,宾