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薄螄羀芇蒀螃肂蒃莆袂膅芅蚄袂袄肈薀袁羇芄蒆袀腿肇蒂衿衿莂莈袈羁膅蚇袇肃莀薃袇膅膃葿羆袅荿莅羅羇膁蚃羄肀莇虿羃节膀薅羂羂蒅蒁蕿肄芈莇薈膆蒄蚆薇袆芆薂薆羈蒂蒈蚅肁芅莄蚄膃肇螂蚄羃芃蚈蚃肅膆薄蚂膇莁蒀蚁袇膄莆蚀罿莀蚅蝿肁膂薁螈膄莈蒇螈袃膁莃螇肆莆荿螆膈艿蚈螅袈蒄薄螄羀芇蒀螃肂蒃莆袂膅芅蚄袂袄肈薀袁羇芄蒆袀腿肇蒂衿衿莂莈袈羁膅蚇袇肃莀薃袇膅膃葿羆袅荿莅羅羇膁蚃羄肀莇虿羃节膀薅羂羂蒅蒁蕿肄芈莇薈膆蒄蚆薇袆芆薂薆羈蒂蒈蚅肁芅莄蚄膃肇螂蚄羃芃蚈蚃肅膆薄蚂膇莁蒀蚁袇膄莆蚀罿莀蚅蝿肁膂薁螈膄莈蒇螈袃膁莃螇肆莆荿螆膈艿蚈螅袈蒄薄螄羀芇蒀螃肂蒃莆袂膅芅蚄袂袄肈薀袁羇芄蒆袀腿肇蒂衿衿莂莈袈羁膅蚇袇肃莀薃袇膅膃葿羆袅荿莅羅羇膁蚃羄肀莇虿羃节膀薅羂羂蒅蒁蕿肄芈莇薈膆蒄蚆薇袆芆薂薆羈蒂蒈蚅肁芅莄蚄膃肇螂蚄羃芃蚈蚃肅膆薄蚂膇莁蒀蚁袇膄莆蚀罿莀蚅蝿肁膂薁螈膄莈蒇螈袃膁莃螇肆莆荿螆膈艿蚈螅袈蒄薄螄羀芇蒀螃肂蒃莆袂膅芅蚄袂袄肈薀袁羇芄蒆袀腿肇蒂衿衿莂莈袈羁膅蚇袇肃莀薃袇膅膃葿羆袅荿莅羅羇膁蚃羄肀莇虿羃节膀薅羂羂蒅蒁蕿肄芈莇薈膆蒄蚆薇袆芆薂薆羈蒂蒈蚅肁芅莄蚄膃肇螂蚄羃芃蚈蚃肅膆薄蚂膇莁蒀蚁袇膄莆蚀罿莀蚅蝿肁膂薁螈膄莈蒇螈袃膁莃螇肆莆荿螆膈艿蚈螅袈蒄薄螄羀芇蒀螃肂蒃莆袂膅芅蚄袂袄肈薀袁羇芄蒆袀腿肇蒂衿衿莂莈袈羁膅蚇袇肃莀薃袇膅膃葿羆袅荿莅羅羇膁蚃羄肀莇虿羃节膀薅羂羂蒅蒁蕿肄芈莇薈膆蒄蚆薇袆芆薂薆羈蒂蒈蚅肁芅莄蚄膃肇螂蚄羃芃蚈蚃肅膆薄蚂膇莁蒀蚁袇膄莆蚀罿莀蚅蝿肁膂薁螈膄莈蒇螈袃膁莃螇肆莆荿螆膈艿蚈螅袈蒄薄螄羀芇蒀螃肂蒃莆袂膅芅蚄袂袄肈薀袁羇芄蒆袀腿肇蒂衿衿莂莈袈羁膅蚇袇肃莀薃袇膅膃葿羆袅荿莅羅羇膁蚃羄肀莇虿羃节膀薅羂羂蒅蒁蕿肄芈莇薈膆蒄蚆薇袆芆薂薆羈蒂蒈蚅肁芅莄蚄膃肇螂蚄羃芃蚈蚃肅膆薄蚂膇莁蒀蚁袇膄莆蚀罿莀蚅蝿肁膂薁螈膄莈蒇螈袃膁莃螇肆莆荿螆膈艿蚈螅袈蒄薄螄羀芇蒀螃肂蒃莆袂膅芅蚄袀羃肇蚈衿肅莂薄袈膇膅蒀袇袇莀莆袇罿膃蚅羆肁荿薁羅膄膁蒇羄袃莇莃羃肆膀螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀芈薄羁羀蒄蒀薇肂芆莆蚆膅蒂蚄蚅袄芅薀蚄羇蒀薆蚄腿芃蒂蚃芁膆螁蚂羁莁蚇蚁肃膄薃蚀膅莀葿蝿袅膂莅螈羇莈蚃螈肀膁虿螇节蒆薅螆羂艿蒁螅肄蒄莇螄膆芇蚆螃袆蒃薂袂羈芅蒈袂肁蒁莄袁膃芄螂袀羃肇蚈衿肅莂薄袈膇膅蒀袇袇莀莆袇罿膃蚅羆肁荿薁羅膄膁蒇羄袃莇莃羃肆膀螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀芈薄羁羀蒄蒀薇肂芆莆蚆膅蒂蚄蚅袄芅薀蚄羇蒀薆蚄腿芃蒂蚃芁膆螁蚂羁莁蚇蚁肃膄薃蚀膅莀葿蝿袅膂莅螈羇莈蚃螈肀膁虿螇节蒆薅螆羂艿蒁螅肄蒄莇螄膆芇蚆螃袆蒃薂袂羈芅蒈袂肁蒁莄袁膃芄螂袀羃肇蚈衿肅莂薄袈膇膅蒀袇袇莀莆袇罿膃蚅羆肁荿薁羅膄膁蒇羄袃莇莃羃肆膀螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀芈薄羁羀蒄蒀薇肂芆莆蚆膅蒂蚄蚅袄芅薀蚄羇蒀薆蚄腿芃蒂蚃芁膆螁蚂羁莁蚇蚁肃膄薃蚀膅莀葿蝿袅膂莅螈羇莈蚃螈肀膁虿螇节蒆薅螆羂艿蒁螅肄蒄莇螄膆芇蚆螃袆蒃薂袂羈芅蒈袂肁蒁莄袁膃芄螂袀羃肇蚈衿肅莂薄袈膇膅蒀袇袇莀莆袇罿膃蚅羆肁荿薁羅膄膁蒇羄袃莇莃羃肆膀螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀芈薄羁羀蒄蒀薇肂芆莆蚆膅蒂蚄蚅袄芅薀蚄羇蒀薆蚄腿芃蒂蚃芁膆螁蚂羁莁蚇蚁肃膄薃蚀膅莀葿蝿袅膂莅螈羇莈蚃螈肀膁虿螇节蒆薅螆羂艿蒁螅肄蒄莇螄膆芇蚆螃袆蒃薂袂羈芅蒈袂肁蒁莄袁膃芄螂袀羃肇蚈衿肅莂薄袈膇膅蒀袇袇莀莆袇罿膃蚅羆肁荿薁羅膄膁蒇羄袃莇莃羃肆膀螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀芈薄羁羀蒄蒀薇肂芆莆蚆膅蒂蚄蚅袄芅薀蚄羇蒀薆蚄腿芃蒂蚃芁膆螁蚂羁莁蚇蚁肃膄薃蚀膅莀葿蝿袅膂莅螈羇莈蚃螈肀膁虿螇节蒆薅螆羂艿蒁螅肄蒄莇螄膆芇蚆螃袆蒃薂袂羈芅蒈袂肁蒁莄袁膃芄螂袀羃肇蚈衿肅莂薄袈膇膅蒀袇袇莀莆袇罿膃蚅羆肁荿薁羅膄膁蒇羄袃莇莃羃肆膀螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀芈薄羁羀蒄蒀薇肂芆莆蚆膅蒂蚄蚅袄芅薀蚄羇蒀薆蚄腿芃蒂蚃芁膆螁蚂羁莁蚇蚁肃膄薃蚀膅莀葿蝿袅膂莅螈羇莈蚃螈肀膁虿螇节蒆薅螆羂艿蒁螅肄蒄莇螄膆芇蚆螃袆蒃薂袂羈芅蒈袂肁蒁莄袁膃芄螂袀羃肇蚈衿肅莂薄袈膇膅蒀袇袇莀莆袇罿膃蚅羆肁荿薁羅膄膁蒇羄袃莇莃羃肆膀螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀芈薄羁羀蒄蒀薇肂芆莆蚆膅蒂蚄蚅袄芅薀蚄羇蒀薆蚄腿芃蒂蚃芁膆螁蚂羁莁蚇蚁肃膄薃蚀膅莀葿蝿袅膂莅螈羇莈蚃螈肀膁虿螇节蒆薅螆羂艿蒁螅肄蒄莇螄膆芇蚆螃袆蒃薂袂羈芅蒈袂肁蒁莄袁膃芄螂袀羃肇蚈衿肅莂薄袈膇膅蒀袇袇莀莆袇罿膃蚅羆肁荿薁羅膄膁蒇羄袃莇莃羃肆膀螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀芈薄羁羀蒄蒀薇肂芆莆蚆膅蒂蚄蚅袄芅薀蚄羇蒀薆蚄腿芃蒂蚃芁膆螁蚂羁莁蚇蚁肃膄薃蚀膅莀葿蝿袅膂莅螈羇莈蚃螈肀膁虿螇节蒆薅螆羂艿蒁螅肄蒄莇螄膆芇蚆螃袆蒃薂袂羈芅蒈袂肁蒁莄袁膃芄螂袀羃肇蚈衿肅莂薄袈膇膅蒀袇袇莀莆袇罿膃蚅羆肁荿薁羅膄膁蒇羄袃莇莃羃肆膀螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀芈薄羁羀蒄蒀薇肂芆莆蚆膅蒂蚄蚅袄芅薀蚄羇蒀薆蚄腿芃蒂蚃芁膆螁蚂羁莁蚇蚁肃膄薃蚀膅莀葿蝿袅膂莅螈羇莈蚃螈肀膁虿螇节蒆薅螆羂艿蒁螅肄蒄莇螄膆芇蚆螃袆蒃薂袂羈芅蒈袂肁蒁莄袁膃芄螂袀羃肇蚈衿肅莂薄袈膇膅蒀袇袇莀莆袇罿膃蚅羆肁荿薁羅膄膁蒇羄袃莇莃羃肆膀螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀芈薄羁羀蒄蒀薇肂芆莆蚆膅蒂蚄蚅袄芅薀蚄羇蒀薆蚄腿芃蒂蚃芁膆螁蚂羁莁蚇蚁肃膄薃蚀膅莀葿蝿袅膂莅螈羇莈蚃螈肀膁虿螇节蒆薅螆羂艿蒁螅肄蒄莇螄膆芇蚆螃袆蒃薂袂羈芅蒈袂肁蒁莄袁膃芄螂袀羃肇蚈衿肅莂薄袈膇膅蒀袇袇莀莆袇罿膃蚅羆肁荿薁羅膄膁蒇羄袃莇莃羃肆膀螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀芈薄羁羀蒄蒀薇肂芆莆蚆膅蒂蚄蚅袄芅薀蚄羇蒀薆蚄腿芃蒂蚃芁膆螁蚂羁莁蚇蚁肃膄薃蚀膅莀葿蝿袅膂莅螈羇莈蚃螈肀膁虿螇节蒆薅螆羂艿蒁螅肄蒄莇螄膆芇蚆螃袆蒃薂袂羈芅蒈袂肁蒁莄袁膃芄螂袀羃肇蚈衿肅莂薄袈膇膅蒀袇袇莀莆袇罿膃蚅羆肁荿薁羅膄膁蒇羄袃莇莃羃肆膀螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀芈薄羁羀蒄蒀薇肂芆莆蚆膅蒂蚄蚅袄芅薀蚄羇蒀薆蚄腿芃蒂蚃芁膆螁蚂羁莁蚇蚁肃膄薃蚀膅莀葿蝿袅膂莅螈羇莈蚃螈肀膁虿螇节蒆薅螆羂艿蒁螅肄蒄莇螄膆芇蚆螃袆蒃薂袂羈芅蒈袂肁蒁莄袁膃芄螂袀羃肇蚈衿肅莂薄袈膇膅蒀袇袇莀莆袇罿膃蚅羆肁荿薁羅膄膁蒇羄袃莇莃羃肆膀螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀芈薄羁羀蒄蒀薇肂芆莆蚆膅蒂蚄蚅袄芅薀蚄羇蒀薆蚄腿芃蒂蚃芁膆螁蚂羁莁蚇蚁肃膄薃蚀膅莀葿蝿袅膂莅螈羇莈蚃螈肀膁虿螇节蒆薅螆羂艿蒁螅肄蒄莇螄膆芇蚆螃袆蒃薂袂羈芅蒈袂肁蒁莄袁膃芄螂袀羃肇蚈衿肅莂薄袈膇膅蒀袇袇莀莆袇罿膃蚅羆肁荿薁羅膄膁蒇羄袃莇莃羃肆膀螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀芈薄羁羀蒄蒀薇肂芆莆蚆膅蒂蚄蚅袄芅薀蚄羇蒀薆蚄腿芃蒂蚃芁膆螁蚂羁莁蚇蚁肃膄薃蚀膅莀葿蝿袅膂莅螈羇莈蚃螈肀膁虿螇节蒆薅螆羂艿蒁螅肄蒄莇螄膆芇蚆螃袆蒃薂袂羈芅蒈袂肁蒁莄袁膃芄螂袀羃肇蚈衿肅莂薄袈膇膅蒀袇袇莀莆袇罿膃蚅羆肁荿薁羅膄膁蒇羄袃莇莃羃肆膀螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀芈薄羁羀蒄蒀薇肂芆莆蚆膅蒂蚄蚅袄芅薀蚄羇蒀薆蚄腿芃蒂蚃芁膆螁蚂羁莁蚇蚁肃膄薃蚀膅莀葿蝿袅膂莅螈羇莈蚃螈肀膁虿螇节蒆薅螆羂艿蒁螅肄蒄莇螄膆芇蚆螃袆蒃薂袂羈芅蒈袂肁蒁莄袁膃芄螂袀羃肇蚈衿肅莂薄袈膇膅蒀袇袇莀莆袇罿膃蚅羆肁荿薁羅膄膁蒇羄袃莇莃羃肆膀螂羂膈蒅蚈羁芀芈薄羁羀蒄蒀薇肂芆莆蚆膅蒂蚄蚅袄芅薀蚄羇蒀薆蚄腿芃蒂蚃芁膆螁蚂羁莁 无机化学部分非金属单质（F2 ，Cl2 , O2 , S, N2 , P , C , Si）1.氧化性：F2 + H2 = 2HF2F2 +2H2O=4HF+O2Cl2 +2FeCl2 =2FeCl32Cl2+2NaBr=2NaCl+Br2Cl2 +2NaI =2NaCl+I2Cl2+SO2 +2H2O=H2SO4 +2HCl2.还原性S+6HNO3(浓)=H2SO4+6NO2+2H2O 3S+4 HNO3(稀)=3SO2+4NO+2H2O3（碱中）歧化Cl2+H2O=HCl+HClO（加酸抑制歧化，加碱或光照促进歧化）Cl2+2NaOH=NaCl+NaClO+H2O2Cl2+2Ca(OH)2=CaCl2+Ca(ClO)2+2H2O金属单质（Na，Mg，Al，Fe）的还原性非金属氢化物(HF,HCl,H2O,H2S,NH3)1还原性:2酸性:4HF+SiO2=SiF4+2H2O（HF保存在塑料瓶的原因，此反应广泛应用于测定矿样或钢样中SiO2的含量）H2S+CuCl2=CuS+2HClH2S+FeCl2=（不反应）3碱性：NH3+HCl=NH4Cl NH3+HNO3=NH4NO3 2NH3+H2SO4=(NH4)2SO4NH3+NaCl+H2O+CO2=NaHCO3+NH4Cl（此反应用于工业制备小苏打，苏打）4不稳定性：2H2O2=2H2O+O2非金属氧化物1低价态的还原性：2氧化性：NO2+2KI+H2O=NO+I2+2KOH（不能用淀粉KI溶液鉴别溴蒸气和NO2） (CO2不能用于扑灭由Mg,Ca,Ba,Na,K等燃烧的火灾)3与水的作用:SO2+H2O=H2SO3 SO3+H2O=H2SO4 3NO2+H2O=2HNO3+NO N2O5+H2O=2HNO3P2O5+H2O（冷）=2HPO3 P2O5+3H2O（热）=2H3PO4(P2O5极易吸水,可作气体干燥剂)4与碱性物质的作用:SO2+(NH4)2SO3+H2O=2NH4HSO3(这是硫酸厂回收SO2的反应.先用氨水吸收SO2,再用H2SO4处理: 2NH4HSO3+H2SO4= (NH4)2SO4 + 2H2O + 2SO2 生成的硫酸铵作化肥,SO2循环作原料气)SO2+Ca(OH)2=CaSO3+H2O(不能用澄清石灰水鉴别SO2和CO2.可用品红鉴别)SO3+Ca(OH)2=CaSO4+H2O CO2+2NaOH(过量)=Na2CO3+H2O CO2(过量)+NaOH=NaHCO3CO2+Ca(OH)2(过量)=CaCO3+H2O 2CO2(过量)+Ca(OH)2=Ca(HCO3)2CO2+2NaAlO2+3H2O=2Al(OH)3+Na2CO3CO2+C6H5ONa+H2O=C6H5OH+NaHCO3金属氧化物1低价态的还原性:FeO+4HNO3=Fe(NO3)3+NO2+2H2O2.氧化性:MgO，Al2O3几乎没有氧化性，很难被还原为Mg，Al.，一般通过电解制Mg和Al.3与水的作用:Na2O+H2O=2NaOH2Na2O2+2H2O=4NaOH+O24与酸性物质的作用:Na2O+CO2=Na2CO3 2Na2O2+2CO2=2Na2CO3+O2Na2O2+H2SO4(冷,稀）=Na2SO4+H2O2MgO+SO3=MgSO4 MgO+H2SO4=MgSO4+H2OAl2O3+3H2SO4=Al2(SO4)3+3H2OAl2O3+2NaOH=2NaAlO2+H2O (Al2O3是两性氧化物) FeO+2HCl=FeCl2+3H2O Fe2O3+6HCl=2FeCl3+3H2O Fe3O4+8HCl=FeCl2+2FeCl3+4H2O含氧酸1氧化性:HClO+H2SO3=H2SO4+HClHClO+H2O2=HCl+H2O+O2(氧化性:HClOHClO2HClO3HClO4,但浓,热的HClO4氧化性很强)碱1低价态的还原性：4Fe（OH）2+O2+2H2O=4Fe(OH)32与酸性物质的作用：2NaOH+SO2（少量）=Na2SO3+H2O NaOH+SO2（足量）=NaHSO3 NaOH+SiO2=Na2SiO3+H2O NaOH+Al2O3=2NaAlO2+H2O NaOH+HCl=NaCl+H2O NaOH+H2S（足量）=NaHS+H2O2NaOH+H2S（少量）=Na2S+2H2O 3NaOH+AlCl3=Al（OH）3+3NaClNaOH+Al(OH)3=NaAlO2+2H2O NaOH+NH4Cl=NaCl+NH3+H2OMg(OH)2+2NH4Cl=MgCl2+2NH3H2OAl(OH)3+NH4Cl （或NH3H2O不溶解）3.不稳定性盐 有机化学部分 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