英语写作对比的方法.doc

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袄羁蒇蚁螀羀蕿袆肈羀艿虿羄聿莁袄袀肈蒃蚇螆肇蚅蒀膅肆莅螆肁肅蒇薈羇肄薀螄袃肄艿薇蝿肃莂螂肈膂蒄薅羄膁薆螀袀膀莆薃袆腿蒈衿螂膈薁蚁肀膈芀袇羆膇莃蚀袂芆蒅袅螈芅薇蚈肇芄芇蒁羃芃葿蚆罿芃薁蕿袅节芁螅螁芁莃薇聿芀蒆螃羅荿薈薆袁莈芈螁螇莇莀薄膆莇薂螀肂莆蚅蚂羈莅莄袈袄羁蒇蚁螀羀蕿袆肈羀艿虿羄聿莁袄袀肈蒃蚇螆肇蚅蒀膅肆莅螆肁肅蒇薈羇肄薀螄袃肄艿薇蝿肃莂螂肈膂蒄薅羄膁薆螀袀膀莆薃袆腿蒈衿螂膈薁蚁肀膈芀袇羆膇莃蚀袂芆蒅袅螈芅薇蚈肇芄芇蒁羃芃葿蚆罿芃薁蕿袅节芁螅螁芁莃薇聿芀蒆螃羅荿薈薆袁莈芈螁螇莇莀薄膆莇薂螀肂莆蚅蚂羈莅莄袈袄羁蒇蚁螀羀蕿袆肈羀艿虿羄聿莁袄袀肈蒃蚇螆肇蚅蒀膅肆莅螆肁肅蒇薈羇肄薀螄袃肄艿薇蝿肃莂螂肈膂蒄薅羄膁薆螀袀膀莆薃袆腿蒈衿螂膈薁蚁肀膈芀袇羆膇莃蚀袂芆蒅袅螈芅薇蚈肇芄芇蒁羃芃葿蚆罿芃薁蕿袅节芁螅螁芁莃薇聿芀蒆螃羅荿薈薆袁莈芈螁螇莇莀薄膆莇薂螀肂莆蚅蚂羈莅莄袈袄羁蒇蚁螀羀蕿袆肈羀艿虿羄聿莁袄袀肈蒃蚇螆肇蚅蒀膅肆莅螆肁肅蒇薈羇肄薀螄袃肄艿薇蝿肃莂螂肈膂蒄薅羄膁薆螀袀膀莆薃袆腿蒈衿螂膈薁蚁肀膈芀袇羆膇莃蚀袂芆蒅袅螈芅薇蚈肇芄芇蒁羃芃葿蚆罿芃薁蕿袅节芁螅螁芁莃薇聿芀蒆螃羅荿薈薆袁莈芈螁螇莇莀薄膆莇薂螀肂莆蚅蚂羈莅莄袈袄羁蒇蚁螀羀蕿袆肈羀艿虿羄聿莁袄袀肈蒃蚇螆肇蚅蒀膅肆莅螆肁肅蒇薈羇肄薀螄袃肄艿薇蝿肃莂螂肈膂蒄薅羄膁薆螀袀膀莆薃袆腿蒈衿螂膈薁蚁肀膈芀袇羆膇莃蚀袂芆蒅袅螈芅薇蚈肇芄芇蒁羃芃葿蚆罿芃薁蕿袅节芁螅螁芁莃薇聿芀蒆螃羅荿薈薆袁莈芈螁螇莇莀薄膆莇薂螀肂莆蚅蚂羈莅莄袈袄羁蒇蚁螀羀蕿袆肈羀艿虿羄聿莁袄袀肈蒃蚇螆肇蚅蒀膅肆莅螆肁肅蒇薈羇肄薀螄袃肄艿薇蝿肃莂螂肈膂蒄薅羄膁薆螀袀膀莆薃袆腿蒈衿螂膈薁蚁肀膈芀袇羆膇莃蚀袂芆蒅袅螈芅薇蚈肇芄芇蒁羃芃葿蚆罿芃薁蕿袅节芁螅螁芁莃薇聿芀蒆螃羅荿薈薆袁莈芈螁螇莇莀薄膆莇薂螀肂莆蚅蚂羈莅莄袈袄羁蒇蚁螀羀蕿袆肈羀艿虿羄聿莁袄袀肈蒃蚇螆肇蚅蒀膅肆莅螆肁肅蒇薈羇肄薀螄袃肄艿薇蝿肃莂螂肈膂蒄薅羄膁薆螀袀膀莆薃袆腿蒈衿螂膈薁蚁肀膈芀袇羆膇莃蚀袂芆蒅袅螈芅薇蚈肇芄芇蒁羃芃葿蚆罿芃薁蕿袅节芁螅螁芁莃薇聿芀蒆螃羅荿薈薆袁莈芈螁螇莇莀薄膆莇薂螀肂莆蚅蚂羈莅莄袈袄羁蒇蚁螀羀蕿袆肈羀艿虿羄聿莁袄袀肈蒃蚇螆肇蚅蒀膅肆莅螆肁肅蒇薈羇肄薀螄袃肄艿薇蝿肃莂螂肈膂蒄薅羄膁薆螀袀膀莆薃袆腿蒈衿螂膈薁蚁肀膈芀袇羆膇莃蚀袂芆蒅袅螈芅薇蚈肇芄芇蒁羃芃葿蚆罿芃薁蕿袅节芁螅螁芁莃薇聿芀蒆螃羅荿薈薆袁莈芈螁螇莇莀薄膆莇薂螀肂莆蚅蚂羈莅莄袈袄羁蒇蚁螀羀蕿袆肈羀艿虿羄聿莁袄袀肈蒃蚇螆肇蚅蒀膅肆莅螆肁肅蒇薈羇肄薀螄袃肄艿薇蝿肃莂螂肈膂蒄薅羄膁薆螀袀膀莆薃袆腿蒈衿螂膈薁蚁肀膈芀袇羆膇莃蚀袂芆蒅袅螈芅薇蚈肇芄芇蒁羃芃葿蚆罿芃薁蕿袅节芁螅螁芁莃薇聿芀蒆螃羅荿薈薆袁莈芈螁螇莇莀薄膆莇薂螀肂莆蚅蚂羈莅莄袈袄羁蒇蚁螀羀蕿袆肈羀艿虿羄聿莁袄袀肈蒃蚇螆肇蚅蒀膅肆莅螆肁肅蒇薈羇肄薀螄袃肄艿薇蝿肃莂螂肈膂蒄薅羄膁薆螀袀膀莆薃袆腿蒈衿螂膈薁蚁肀膈芀袇羆膇莃蚀袂芆蒅袅螈芅薇蚈肇芄芇蒁羃芃葿蚆罿芃薁蕿袅节芁螅螁芁莃薇聿芀蒆螃羅荿薈薆袁莈芈螁螇莇莀薄膆莇薂螀肂莆蚅蚂羈莅莄袈袄羁蒇蚁螀羀蕿袆肈羀艿虿羄聿莁袄袀肈蒃蚇螆肇蚅蒀膅肆莅螆肁肅蒇薈羇肄薀螄袃肄艿薇蝿肃莂螂肈膂蒄薅羄膁薆螀袀膀莆薃袆腿蒈衿螂膈薁蚁肀膈芀袇羆膇莃蚀袂芆蒅袅螈芅薇蚈肇芄芇蒁羃芃葿蚆罿芃薁蕿袅节芁螅螁芁莃薇聿芀蒆螃羅荿薈薆袁莈芈螁螇莇莀薄膆莇薂螀肂莆蚅蚂羈莅莄袈袄羁蒇蚁螀羀蕿袆肈羀艿虿羄聿莁袄袀肈蒃蚇螆肇蚅蒀膅肆莅螆肁肅蒇薈羇肄薀螄袃肄艿薇蝿肃莂螂肈膂蒄薅羄膁薆螀袀膀莆薃袆腿蒈衿螂膈薁蚁肀膈芀袇羆膇莃蚀袂芆蒅袅螈芅薇蚈肇芄芇蒁羃芃葿蚆罿芃薁蕿袅节芁螅螁芁莃薇聿芀蒆螃羅荿薈薆袁莈芈螁螇莇莀薄膆莇薂螀肂莆蚅蚂羈莅莄袈袄羁蒇蚁螀羀蕿袆肈羀艿虿羄聿莁袄袀肈蒃蚇螆肇蚅蒀膅肆莅螆肁肅蒇薈羇肄薀螄袃肄艿薇蝿肃莂螂肈膂蒄薅羄膁薆螀袀膀莆薃袆腿蒈衿螂膈薁蚁肀膈芀袇羆膇莃蚀袂芆蒅袅螈芅薇蚈肇芄芇蒁羃芃葿蚆罿芃薁蕿袅节芁螅螁芁莃薇聿芀蒆螃羅荿薈薆袁莈芈螁螇莇莀薄膆莇薂螀肂莆蚅蚂羈莅莄袈袄羁蒇蚁螀羀蕿袆肈羀艿虿羄聿莁袄袀肈蒃蚇螆肇蚅蒀膅肆莅螆肁肅蒇薈羇肄薀螄袃肄艿薇蝿肃莂螂肈膂蒄薅羄膁薆螀袀膀莆薃袆腿蒈衿螂膈薁蚁肀膈芀袇羆膇莃蚀袂芆蒅袅螈芅薇蚈肇芄芇蒁羃芃葿蚆罿芃薁蕿袅节芁螅螁芁莃薇聿芀蒆螃羅荿薈薆袁莈芈螁螇莇莀薄膆莇薂螀肂莆蚅蚂羈莅莄袈袄羁蒇蚁螀羀蕿袆肈羀艿虿羄聿莁袄袀肈蒃蚇螆肇蚅蒀膅肆莅螆肁肅蒇薈羇肄薀螄袃肄艿薇蝿肃莂螂肈膂蒄薅羄膁薆螀袀膀莆薃袆腿蒈衿螂膈薁蚁肀膈芀袇羆膇莃蚀袂芆蒅袅螈芅薇蚈肇芄芇蒁羃芃葿蚆罿芃薁蕿袅节芁螅螁芁莃薇聿芀蒆螃羅荿薈薆袁莈芈螁螇莇莀薄膆莇薂螀肂莆蚅蚂羈莅莄袈袄羁蒇蚁螀羀蕿袆肈羀艿虿羄聿莁袄袀肈蒃蚇螆肇蚅蒀膅肆莅螆肁肅蒇薈羇肄薀螄袃肄艿薇蝿肃莂螂肈膂蒄薅羄膁薆螀袀膀莆薃袆腿蒈衿螂膈薁蚁肀膈 Comparison and Contrast 比较和对照的写作方法一目标、重点和难点目标：掌握英语作文中比较和对照的写作方法（比较着重相似点，而对照强调不同之处）；重点：熟悉比较和对照写作方法的特点、模式及相关写作语块（词组、结构及句子）；难点：训练学生对作文主题的思维拓展以及相关语言表达的总结。二使用比较和对照写作方法的一般是说明文与论说文，常见的比较对照有两种方式:1. 块状比较方式（block method），先A后B，即A1, A2, A3.；B1，B2，B3.。2. 逐点比较方式（point-by-point method），AB交错，即A1，B1；A2，B2；A3，B3.。范文一：Country Life and City LifeIt is really hard to say which is better than the other, city life or rural life. Both have their merits and shortcomings. Living in the city has a great many advantages. First, you can enjoy various kinds of foods, both foreign and domestic. Second, there are more cultural activities in the city you can go to the concert, the theatre, the movies or the disco club after a days hard work. But city life has many problems, too. The overcrowded population, traffic jam, industrial pollution, and the lack of understanding between people may result in disease and unhappiness. Living in the country, however, you can watch the magnificent sunrise and sunset and listen to the bird singing in the tree. If you want, you can certainly have a huge garden when a small green space seems a luxury in the city. In the country, you dont have so mucn worries. You can enjoy the pleasure of work by planting seeds in the earth and watching them grow into flowers and finally into fruits or food. But rural life may not be that perfect. Things are going so slowly that sometimes you may feel that you are absolute left behind in some remote corners of the world. You may again miss the parties, friends and movies in the city. Like anything else, country life and city life have their advantages and disadvantages. The best solution may be that you enjoy pleasures of both lives and get rid of their inconveniences.范文二：Middle School Life and College LifeThere are many differences between middle school and the college. First，in middle school，we have to listen to what the teacher says in class, to understand the content of the text. But in college，we must study by ourselves before class. If not，we couldnt follow the teacher. Second，there are lots of rules in middle school. For example，we should wear the uniform，the girls must have their hair cut short， and we are not allowed to make boy-orgirlfriends. However，in college，we have more freedom. We can wear the clothes we like. And the girls could have long beautiful hair. We are also free to make boyorgirlfriends. The third，in the middle school，we must study first. That means we could do nothing but study. In contrast，we have to do everything by ourselves in college. That means we must plan our time carefully. There are also other differences between our school life and our college life. We have to learn to adapt ourselves to college life.三写作步骤1. 写前阶段：写作提纲 1) 对两个对象或一个对象的两个方面进行比较与对照分析，找出相似点/不同之处。如分析Online shoping or in-store shopping（网络购物还是店内购AdvantagesDisadvantagesOnline shoppingConvenient;Cheap;A lot of selectionsCheated;Cannot see the items in person;In-store shoppingPersonal, talk;Know the quality;Good for healthExpensive;Time-consuming;tring2. 写作阶段：利用相关资料，组织结构与内容1) Useful words and phrases:比较 ：like, similarly, likewise, in the same way, in the same manner, equally. 对照： by contrast, on the contrary, while, whereas, on the other hand, unlike, instead, but, conversely, different from, however, nevertheless, otherwise, whereas, unlike, yet, in contrast. 2）Useful expressions Just like a coin has two sides, everyting has its advantages and disadvantages, and is no exception. The advantage far outweigh the disadvantages. The advantages of A are much greater than those of B. A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that. For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages. Like anything else, it has its faults. A and B has several points in common. A bears some resemblances to B. However, the same is not applicable to B. A and B differ in several ways. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects. The same is true of B. Wondering as A is ,it has its drawbacks. It is true that A . , but the chief faults (obvious defects )are . 3）Useful Writing Patterns（1）块状比较模板：模板一It is really hard to say which is better than the other, A or B. Both have their merits and shortcomings. A has a great many advantages. First, . Second, . Third, . Wondering as A is , it has its drawbacks. First of all, . Besides, . B is quite different from B in many ways. Its positive sides are as follows. Firstly, . Sencondly, . Like anyting else, B has its faults, such as. Evidently, both A and B have their positive and negative aspects.The best solution may be that you enjoy pleasures of the both and get rid of their inconveniences.模板二The topic of _ (主题) is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say _A_ is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of _(A理由一). Whats more, _(A理由二). Moreover, _(A理由三). While others think that _B_ is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,_ (B理由一).Secondly/Besides, _ (B理由二). Thirdly/ Finally, _(B理由三). For my point of view, I think _(我的观点). The reason is that _ (原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reason to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice. 模板三 There is a heated debate over _(主题). It is commonly accepted that _A_ . In contrast, others think that _B_ . Those who hold the first opinion suggest that _(A理由一). In their view, _ (A理由二). However, others think _(B理由一).They argue that _(B理由二) . Considering one after another, I stand on the side of _A/B_ . First of all, _(原因一). Furthermore, _(原因二). Thirdly, _(原因三). Therefore, I am in favor of the idea _ (我的观点). （2）逐点比较框架： Both A and B are very popular in todays society. Just like a coin has two sides, everyting has its advantages and disadvantages, and A and B are no exception. There are many differences between A and B. In the first place, A. On the contrary, B. In the second place，A . Unlike A, B. Last but by no means the least, A . By contrast, B. Both A and B have their strong points and weak points respectively. People can choose which way to use according to their own likes and dislikes.3. 写作后阶段：检查与修改 1）词汇、结构、句型、时态、语法（方面的错误减到最低）； 2）句子之间的连接、段落之间的衔接（流畅； 3）整篇文章的内容（重点突出）、结构与层次（清晰、分明）；四写作练习：请根据自己的能力和兴趣，用比较和对照写作方法完成一篇英语作文，题目如下： 1. By Car or By Bike 2. By E-mail or By Letter 3. Live On Campus or Off Campus 4. Package Tour or Travelling On Your Own 5. College Lectures or Discussion 6. Study Abroad or At Home五范文 Campus Life1. 有的大学生认为大学生活是丰富多彩，充实的；2. 有的大学生对校园生活不满意；3. 你理想中的大学生活是什么样的？谈谈你的感受。Early in senior high school, we longed to be enrolled in a university. Now the dream has come true. But how do we college students like our campus life?Certainly, some relish it, finding it colorful and rewarding. Besides study, they spend considerable amount of time improving themselves in various aspect. Yet others do not think much of their college life, thus do not benefit as much. In their eyes, the university is just a bigger high school. The only difference is that they have more time at their disposal without parents looking over their shoulder.As to me, college life is ideal if only I have abundant books to read, some bosom friends to keep me company, a couple of conscientious professors to instruct me, and an easy access to the Internet.On Overseas Study1.有人认为出国留学是个人发展的最佳选择；2.也有人坚持在国内也能实现自己的理想；3.我的看法。With the deepening of reform and openingup of our country, many people dream of going abroad for further study. They insist that the modern research facilities, world famous professors and excellent environment in those foreign co11eges and universities can help lay a perfect foundation for their future development.However, there are still many people who favor studying at home. They argue that studying abroad is too expensive and therefore doesnt pay, They also point out that there are no language and cu1tural barriers if they study in our country.Just as the old saying goes, “Every advantage has its disadvantage.” Both opinions are acceptable in some sense. If students have the chance and financial resources, they should seize the opportunity to go abroad and broaden their eyes. On the other hand, if conditions dont permit, they can pursue their studies in top universities at home. What counts is not the place where they study, but what they can learnWestern Festivals in China1 有人崇尚过西方节目，认为是与国际接轨的途径之一。2 有人反对过西方节日，强调要保持民族文化的纯洁性。3 我的观点。 We are always looking forward to a variety of festivals. Among them, some are from western countries, for example, Christmas, the ValentineS Day and so on. Some people, especially the young men, considered it natural to celebrate these festivals. They point out that accepting western festivals shows that people in China are becoming more and more aware of the importance of international cultural exchange between the countries. Celebrating the festivals of another culture is just a good chance for us to know more about it. After all, these festivals have enriched our life.On the contrary, arguments against these western festivals can be 0ften heard among old people. They think that Chinese culture is eminent and glorious. We Chinese should keep its purity, since it is this culture that makes our nation different from others. Those exotic festivals can not blend in with ours because of their foreign background. As for my part, I dont think foreign festivals will do any harm to the purity or survival of our culture. Besides, whether to celebrate them is rather an individual choice. Of course, we should not forget our traditions which have descended from our ancestors thousands of years ago, but if the western festivals could bring us happiness and joy, why cant we celebrate them?Living alone or Living with Roommates1.有人认为大学里应独自生活2.另一些认为大学里应与别人同住3.你的看法Nowadays, there has appeared a heated discussion among the college students as to whether they should live alone outside the campus or live together with other roommates in the students dormitory. Opinions are divided over the matter.Those who are in favor of Living alone maintain that it is very convenient to live by themselves. They can enjoy absolute freedom in a room of their own. They can have their own timetable without disturbing others. They are also free to equip the room with a personal computer so that they can have easy access to the Internet.But others argue that living with roommates has attractions of its ow