2019年高考英语考纲解读与热点专题12名词性从句教学案.docx

专题12 名词性从句【2019年高考考纲解读】名词性从句是高考常考的语法项目，主要考查对连接词的正确把握。分析历年各地的高考试题不难发现，连接代词what的用法是考查的热点。另外，在同位语从句中，经常考查that的用法。除此之外，其他连接词的用法以及从句的语序也时有考查。【重点、难点剖析】一、几种易混的从句的辨别定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句有时候在形式上很相似，下面提供一些区分的方法：1定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系；而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容的。that在定语从句中充当句子成分，可指物或人；而同位语从句中的that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。请比较：(1)The news (that/which) he told us was exciting.(定语从句，that/which在从句中作宾语，还可以被省略)(2)The news that our team has won is exciting.(同位语从句，that从句是说明news的内容的，that在从句中不作任何成分，但不能被省略)辨析判断是定语从句还是同位语从句可以用“加词”的方法，即在名词和从句之间加入一个be动词，如果句子意思成立，则是同位语从句，否则，则是定语从句。如上面第二句，加上be动词后：The news is that our team has won.句子意思成立，所以是同位语从句。而第一句，加上be动词后：The news is that he told us.意思不成立，因此不是同位语从句。【特别提醒】一般情况下，同位语从句紧跟在它所说明的名词的后面，可是有的时候，为了表达的需要，名词与从句之间被另外一些内容分隔开了，叫做“分隔同位语从句”。对于这类同位语从句，一定要根据句意，找准它所说明的名词。2定语从句与状语从句请看两组句子：第一组：区分such.as.和such.that.(1)The new storybook is written in such easy English as beginners can understand.(2)The new storybook is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it.这两句话只有一词之差，但语法结构大相径庭：第一句是as引导的定语从句，as相当于that/which(但不能用that/which)，在从句中作understand的宾语。第二句是结果状语从句，that在从句中不作成分。结论：当从句缺少句子成分时，用such.as.；当从句不缺少句子成分时，用such.that.。第二组：选用in which, where填空(1)He left the key _ he had been an hour before.(2)He left the place _ he lived for many years.分析：第一句只能填where, where引导的是地点状语从句，修饰主句中的谓语动词。此处where不可换成in which，因为in which只能引导定语从句，本句中根本就没有先行词(后面的从句不是修饰key的)。第二句填where或in which。根据句意可知，后面的句子是对名词place的修饰，因此此句是定语从句。二、that与what的区别that引导名词性从句，在从句中不作任何成分，that本身无意义，只起连接作用。what引导名词性从句时，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语等，what表示“的东西或事情”。请比较：What I need is more time.(what引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语)That I need more time to do the work is very clear.(that引导主语从句，在从句中不作任何成分)The village is no longer what it used to be.(what引导表语从句，在从句中作表语)I had no idea what we should do next.(what引导同位语从句，在从句中作宾语)He will tell us what he saw in London.(what引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语)精析名词性从句中区分that与what的关键是：分析句子结构，看从句是否缺少句子成分。如果不缺成分，就用that，如果缺少句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等)，且表示“的东西或事情”就用what。三、who, whoever与no matter who的区别引导名词性从句，在句中作主语时用who，意思是“谁”，含有疑问意味，whoever意为“无论谁”，不含有疑问意味。whoever在引导名词性从句时，相当于anyone who，其中who引导一个定语从句紧随其后。另外，whoever还可以引导让步状语从句，这时whoever相当于no matter who，但是no matter who只能引导让步状语从句。请比较：1Who has taken away my bag is unknown.谁拿走了我的包还不知道。(若用whoever显然句意不通)2Whoever breaks the law will be punished.无论谁违反法律都要受到惩罚。(whoever表达的语气强烈)3Im not going to let you in, no matter who you are.Im not going to let you in, whoever you are.(根据句意“我不会让你进去的，不管你是谁”，后面是一个让步状语从句，故用no matter who或者whoever)【特别提醒】whever既可引导名词性从句，又可引导让步状语从句。引导名词性从句时，whoeveranyone who; whomeveranyone whom; whateveranything that; whicheveranything/anyone that; whoseverany one whose。Whichever he likes will be given to him.Anything that he likes will be given to him.无论他想要哪个都可以给他。You should give the book back to whosever name(anyone whose name) is on the cover of it.你该把书还给任何一个他的名字在封面上的人。【方法技巧】做题时，具体思路如下：通读全句，首先考虑是不是某种句型，如强调句型；题干句若是疑问句，首先把它恢复为正常语序；观察设空的前前后后，确定相关从句的性质；确定从句性质后，回忆相关从句的用法特点，从而作出取舍；注意标点符号和并列连词(and, but)的作用；将选项代入句子，看前后是否语意贯通。【题型示例】题型1、主语从句【例1】(2017江苏卷改编) _is known to us all is that Want Meng got three golden medals in Vancouver Winter Olympics.【解析】考查主语从句。what在主语从句中作is的主语。【答案】What【举一反三】(2017北京卷改编) _I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.【答案】What【变式探究】【2016北京】24.Your support is important to our work. _ you can do helps.A. However B. Whoever C. Whatever D. Wherever【答案】C【解析】题目考查主语从句。helps是谓语，“_ you can do”是主语部分，即主语从句，在主语从句中，do后缺少宾语，表示“任何事情”，因此用whatever引导，故选C。【变式探究】Some people believe has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.解析考查主语从句。句意：有些人相信，无论以前发生过什么，或者现在发生着什么，都会在未来重现。主语从句中缺少主语，用whatever做主语。 【举一反三】The question is not _ a country has an aircraft carrier, but _ a country does with the aircraft carrier.【答案】whether; what【变式探究】Id like to start my own businessthats _ Id do if I had the money.Awhy Bwhen Cwhich Dwhat【答案】D【解析】句意：我想自己做生意那是我如果有钱就会做的事情。从句中的do是及物动词，缺少宾语，所以将A和B排除，这两个选项在从句中常常作状语。which引导名词性从句时，意为“哪个，哪些”，不合逻辑，故用what。【变式探究】Im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer，which is _ he never finishes anything.Athat Bwhen Cwhere Dwhy【答案】D【解析】很显然，前文所说的(他是一个空谈家而不是一个实干家)是下文(他一事无成)的原因，由此可知应该选why。 【变式探究】Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel，David Copperfield，was _ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.Awhat Bthat Cwhy Dwhether【答案】B【解析】that引导的名词性从句在句中作表语，且that不充当句子的任何成分。其他选项不合题意。【拓展提高】1引导词有连词that(that不可省)，whether；代词有who，whom，what，which；副词when，where，how，why等。如：The problem is that we didnt get in touch with him.2as if，because也可引导表语从句。It was because I got up late.注意：当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train this morning.whether可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不