改错技巧与训练.doc

改错题方法一：1. 简介在四六级新题型考试中，改错题是作为完形填空题的置换题出现的，在实考试卷中只能是二者取其一。所以它在考试中所占分值比例与完形填空一样，也是10。改错题通常选用一篇200词左右的短文，其中有10个语法结构和用词方面的错误，分布在除首句外的10行中。单句改错要求考生有较强的语感、较高的阅读理解能力及较扎实的语法和词汇的运用能力。这些错误可能是因为用错了一个词或词形变化造成的，也可能是因为多用一个词或少用一个词造成的。有的错误在同一短语或句子中一眼就能辨别，有的错误则必须在充分理解上下文的基础上才能识别。考生在答题前一定要认真阅读并理解全文，答题时，要参阅和琢磨上下文。2. 题型分析改错也是一项综合测试题型。虽然形式不同，但其测试重点与完形填空所覆盖的测试内容大致相同。在解答改错题时，应主要从以下几个方面进行观察和判断：固定搭配考查动词词组、介词词组、形容词词组、动宾词组等固定搭配的用法；语法句法考查单复数、虚拟语态、从句等语法现象；首先要考虑句子涉及的是什么句型，句子是否完整。英语中的主要句型有：存在、强调、省略、倒装等。语义逻辑考查上下文的语义关系，常利用反义词来混淆视听；关系连词考查句子内部或句群之间的逻辑关系，例如因果关系、转折关系、递进或并列关系、总分关系等；指代关系考查人称代词、物主代词、反身代词与被指代的名词的对应关系；词汇用法动词是承载信息量最大的一类词，它主要体现在语法结构的时、体、语态、语气和非谓语形式等方面。名词、代词、数词、形容词和副词，这些词的语法内容包括名词的数、格；代词的数、格、指代一致，及各种数的表达；形容词、副词的级和在句子中的位置、词序、同类比较等。另外，对于音形相近的词、同义词和近义词，根据上下文的语义及用法搭配关系，通过比较进行辨异。 3. 解题技巧 1) 首先，通读全文，把握文章全貌，抓住文章主旨大意； 2) 然后，根据上述5类改错题中常见的出题点，按图索骥，对号入座。注意一时拿捏不准的题目可先跳过； 3) 最后，再通读一遍全文，做好扫尾工作，解决难题，复查做好的题。Technology is another great force for change. In part,technology has caused the population explosion; many of uswont now be alive if it werent for advances in health,1. _agriculture and industry. But in part, technology helps resolvethe population problem, either. Its a never ending cycle. The2. _need for more food discourages development of better3. _technology which naturally keeps more people alive. Andthere are no going back to a simple, less technologically4. _complex time. Were born. Were here. Were hungry.While technology makes this possible for four or even six5. _billion of us to exist, it also eliminates our job opportunities. Intheory, it is impossible that all the goods and services the6. _world needs could be produced by only 2 percent of thepopulation. This tendency of technology to make workerssuperfluous (过剩的) but at same time allowing their number7. _to grow up so large is creating psychological tensions.8. _Traditionally, work determines our way of life. But if 98percent of us doesnt need to work, what are we going to 9. _do with oneself? Something more than work must be found to10. _determine both income and meaning in lifeotherwise 98percent of us could be both hungry and frustrated (沮丧的).序号改前改后固定搭 配语 法句 法语义逻 辑关系连 词指代关 系词汇用 法1wontwouldnt时态2too否定3encourage4is单复数5thisit6impossiblepossible7at samethe8up/9doesntdont单复数10oneselfourselves方法二：常见错误方式： 1、错词(wordsmistaken)。在标有题号的一行中有一词在词法、搭配或词义等方面有错误，要求考生找出错误并换上正确的词(changeaword)，这类错误在所有错误中占绝大多数。 2、缺词(wordsmissing)。在标有题号的一行的任何位置缺了一词，要求考生按语法、搭配或上下文语义的需要找出缺词的位置并补上所缺的词(insertaword)。 3、多词(wordsredundant)。在标有题号的一行中有一词按语法、搭配或上下文语义要求纯属多余，要求考生认定该多余的词并划去(crossoutaword)。 短文共有10处错误，但究竟哪一行多一词，哪一行缺一词或错一词，则没有任何规律和标记。历年考题的统计资料表明，绝大多数改错设计为错词一类。其主要原因除了命题因素外，更由于这类错误形式难度较大，并更能考查考生的实际语言驾驭能力。 解题方法： 1、先读文章前两句，确定本文的主导时态 如果是议论文，说明文，主要时态应该是一般现在时。 如果是游记或回忆应该是一般过去时为主导，在做题过程中要把握主从时态要协调原则。 2、逐行阅读，按点找错，有的放矢 我们之所以做不好改错的原因，是因为我们不知道哪里容易出错。常见错误口诀如下： 1)谓语和非谓语混用口诀 谓与非谓语经常混，谓语句中就一个； 其余动词非谓语，非谓形式有三种： Ving、Ved 和 to do； 现在分词表主动 ，过去分词表被动 ； 目的要用不定式，主宾要用动名词； 2)四大常见错误口诀： 见到谓语找主语，主谓一致找状语； 见到that 想从句，从句里给谓语； 见到名词想可数，可数不可数要记清； 见到代词找指代，指代通常不合理 见到平行看结构，形式功能要对称 3)逻辑混淆，词性误用，放弃僻题原则 逻辑错误：重点考一种，肯定还是否定的问题。 词性误用：介词连词误用，形容词副词误用 放弃僻题：对于过于生僻的考点，如果无法找出错误与其浪费时间不如合理放弃，因为放弃也是一种智慧。 3.最后通读全文，进行复检 再浏览改后的全文，看全篇是否语意通顺，注意无错行一般是一行。要按照绝对规范的要求去答题。 实战演练 Culture refers to the social heritage of a people- the learned patterns for thinking , feeling and acting that characterize a population，includethe expression of these patterns in material things. Culture is compose ofnonmaterial culture abstract creations like values, beliefs, customs, andinstitutional arrangements-and material culture-physical object like cookingspots ,computers and bathtubs. In sum, culture reflects both the ideas we share or everything we make. In ordinary speech, a person of culture is the individual can speak another language- the person who is unfamiliar with the arts, music, literature, philosophy, or history. But to sociologists, to be human to be cultured, because of culture is the common world of experience. Culture is essentially to our humanness. How do you know how to act in a classroom, or a department store, or toward a person who smiles or laugh at you? Your culture supplies you by broad, standardized, ready-made answers for dealing with each of these situations. 1. _2._3. _4._5._6. _7._8._9._10._Key:Culture refers to the social heritage of a people- the learned patterns for thinking ,feeling and acting that characterize a population or society, include the expression of these patterns in material things. 本题考点：谓与非谓语经常混，谓语句中就一个 本文已经有两个谓语refers characterize 一个连词that,如果再出现谓语则必须再出现一个谓语。因为一个基本规则请同学们记好：连词数=谓语数-1。所以此时include 后面有宾语最好的改写方式：including Culture is compose of nonmaterial culture abstract creations like values, beliefs, customs, and institutional arrangements-and material culture-physical object like cooking spots ,computers and bathtubs. 本题考点： 1)谓与非谓语经常混，谓语句中就一个:composecomposed 2) 见到名词想可数，可数不可数要记清: object-objects In sum, culture reflects both the ideas we share or everything we make. 本题考点： 见到平行看结构，形式功能要对称 both A or B改为both and In ordinary speech, a person of culture is the individual can speak another language- the person who is unfamiliar with the arts, music, literature, philosophy, or history. 本题考点： 1)谓与非谓语经常混，谓语句中就一个 本句中有三个谓语却只有一个引导词，所以应该加一个连词，在can speak 前加一个who. 2)逻辑错误：根据上下文判断 unfamiliar familiar But to sociologists ,to be human to be cultured, because of culture is the common world of experience. 本题考点：介词与连词误用 because of because 因为后面是一句话需要连词 Culture is essentially to our humanness. 本题考点：副词与形容词误用 essentiallyessential How do you know how to act in a classroom, or a de