使用定语从句的几个误区.docx

使用定语从句的几个误区（一）有的英语初学者在使用定语从句时，有时会在从句中误加与关系代词同义的人称代词，这是不对的。如：This is the book that I have read _ dozens of times. But I have never read _. A. it, B. ，itC. it, it D. ，此题应选B。容易误选C。本题第二句填代词 it, 这容易理解。而第一句不能填 it, 则是考生很容易忽视的。显然第一句中的 that I have read dozens of times 是修饰 the book 的定语从句，此句中的动词read不能再接用 it作宾语，因为它已有宾语that(也可省略)。在做有关定语从句的试题时，考生千万不要在定语从句中重复使用与关系词(或先行词)指代相同的人称代词。如：我们昨晚看的电影很精彩。误：The film we saw it last night was wonderful. 正：The film we saw last night was wonderful. 刚才同你讲话的那个人是谁? 误：Whos the man you just talked to him? 正：Whos the man you just talked to? 你昨天借给我的书很有趣。误：The book you lent it me yesterday was very interesting. 正：The book you lent me yesterday was very interesting. 他就是去年死了妻子的那个人。误：He is the man whosehis wife died last year. 正：He is the man whose wife died last year. 使用定语从句的几个误区（二）初学者在使用定语从句时，有个经常犯的错误就是分不清是定语从句还是其他从句。请看下面的题目：Is this room _ he lived in last year? Is this the room _ he lived in last year? A. that, thatB. the one, the one C. that, the oneD. the one, that此题应选D。容易误选A。为了便于分析，我们先将以上两句还原成陈述句(注意is的位置)。如：(1)This room is _ he lived in last year. (2)This is the room _he lived in last year. 第(1)句填the one, 用作表语，其后的 (that) he lived in last year是用以修饰the one 的定语从句。此句若直接填that, 则不是定语从句(因为没有先行词)，而是表语从句。但是由于引导表语从句的that不能充当句了成分，而其后的介词in又缺宾语，所以导致错误。第(2)句填 that, 它是关系代词，用以引导定语从句(he lived in last year)修饰the room。请做以下类例试题。如：(1)Is this the book _ you want to buy? Is this book _ you want to buy? A. that, that B. the one, the one C. that, the oneD. the one, that(2)Is this room _ he lived in 5 years ago? Is this the room _ he lived in 5 years ago? A. that, that B. the one, the one C. that, the oneD. the one, that答案：(1) C (2) D使用定语从句的几个误区（三）有的同学一看到先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词，就认为一定要用关系副词，其实也不一定。在此情况下，还要看关系词在定语从句中是用作什么成分，若是用作状语，则用关系副词，若不是用作状语(如用作主语、宾语等)则不能用关系副词，而用关系代词。比较：This is the factory where I want to work. 这就是我想工作的工厂。(work为不及物动词where在从句中用作状语)This is the factory that I want to visit. 这就是我想参观的工厂。(visit为及物动词，that用作visit的宾语)The reason why he cant come is that he is ill. 他没来的是因为他病了。(come为不及物动词，why在定语从句中用作状语)The reason that he put forth is very important. 他提出的理由很重要。(put forth为及物动词，that在定语从句中用作其宾语)使用定语从句的几个误区（四）1.误认为关系代词whose只用于修饰人whose用作疑问代词时，主要用于指人；但用作关系代词时，它既可指人也可指物。如：It was an island, whose name I have forgotten. 它是一座岛，名字我忘了。The factory, whose workers are all women, is closed during the holidays. 这家工厂工人都是妇女，在假期中工厂关门了。2.混淆定语从句与并列句请看下面两题：(1) He has two children, and both of _ are abroad.A. themB. whichC. whomD. who(2) He has two children, both of _ are abroad.A. themB. whichC. whomD. who第(1)题选A，第(2)题选C。由于第(1)题中用了并列连词and，从而使整个句子为并列句，and后应是一个独立的简单句，所以选A不选C；第(2)题没有并列连词and，both of whom are abroad为非限制性定语从句。另外，请比较下题(答案为A)：He has two children, both of _ being abroad.A. themB. whichC. whomD. who3.误认为逗号后一定是非限制性定语从句有的同学一看见逗号，就以为一定要选which而不选that，但问题是有时根本就不是定语从句。如：(1) If a book is in English, _ means slow progress for you.A. asB. whichC. whatD. that(2) When I say