英语词性的分类及用法1课时.docx

英语词性的分类及用法一、词性的分类词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分成十个大类。 1 名词 noun n. student 学生 2 代词 pronoun pron. you 你3 形容词 adjective adj. happy 高兴的4 副词 adverb adv. quickly 迅速地5 动词 verb v. cut 砍、割6 数词 numeral num. three 三7 冠词 article art. a 一个8 介词 preposition prep. at 在.9 连词 conjunction conj. and 和10 感叹词 interjection interj. oh 哦前六类叫实词，后四类叫虚词。7 冠词不定冠词的用法 不定冠词a (an)与数词one 同源，是一个的意思。 定冠词的用法 定冠词the与指示代词this，that同源，有那（这）个的意思。1）特指双方都明白的人或物：Take the medicine.把药吃了。2）上文提到过的人或事： He bought a house. Ive been to the house.3）指世上独一物二的事物：the sun， the sky， the moon， the earth 4）单数名词连用表示一类事物，如：the dollar 美元;the fox 狐狸；或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：the rich 富人; the living 生者。5）用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only， very， same等前面： Where do you live? I live on the second floor.你住在哪？我住在二层。6）与复数名词连用，指整个群体：They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师)They are teachers of this school.(指部分教师)7）表示所有，相当于物主代词，用在表示身体部位的名词前：She caught me by the arm.她抓住了我的手臂。8）用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前：the Peoples Republic of China中华人民共和国9）用在表示乐器的名词之前：She plays the piano.她会弹钢琴。10) 用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人：the Greens格林一家人 (或格林夫妇)11) 用在惯用语中：in the day, in the morning (afternoon，evening),the day after tomorrowthe day before yesterday, the next morning, in the sky (water，field，country)in the dark, in the rain, in the distance, in the middle (of),in the end,on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre 零冠词的用法 冠词与形容词+名词结构 1) 两个形容词都有冠词，表示两个不同东西。 He raises a black and a white cat.他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。2) 如后一个形容词无冠词，则指一物。He raises a black and white cat.他养了一只花猫。 冠词位置 1) 不定冠词位置 不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意：a. 位于下列形容词之后： such，what，many，half，such an animal； Many a manb. 当名词前的形容词被副词as, so, too, how, however, enough修饰时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后：It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.c. quite，rather与单数名词连用，冠词放在其后。但当rather，quite 前仍有形容词，不定冠词放其前后均可。如：quite a lot d. 在as，though 引导的让步状语从句中，当标语为形容词修饰的名词时，不定冠词放形容词后： Brave a man though he is，he trembles at the sight of snakes. 当名词被比较级形容词修饰时，不定冠词通常置于比较级形容词之后。2) 定冠词位置 定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前，但放在all， both，double，half，twice，three times等词之后，名词之前。e.g. All the students in the class went out.练习题1. Some people are still in _ habit of writing silly things in _ public places.A. the; the B. /; / C. the; / D. /; the2. As we know, _ knowledge is a must in _ international trade today.A. a; / B. the; an C. the; the D. /;the3. She is _ newcomer to _ chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.A. the; the B. the; C. a; / D. a; the4. The boy led the blind man by _ arm to cross _ street.A. an; the B. the; the C. the ; a D. an; a5. Sometimes _ weak can defeat _ strong.A. /; / B. the; the C. the; a D. /; the6. He is _ younger of the two brothers. A. a B. the C. / D. one7. Land to _ east of _ Urals is call Asia. A. the; the B. /; the C. /; / D. the; /8. Take these chairs away; they are standing in _ way. A. one B. a C. the D. this9. Do you know _ French for “hen”? A. a B. anC. the D. /10. I like watching _ TV and listen to _ radio. A. the; the B. /; / C. the; / D. /; the11. He has tried twice but is asked to have _ third try. A. another B. a C. one D. the12. There is _ “n” in the word “north”. A. an B. a C. the D. /13. _ summer morning, Tom got up early and went fishing. A. A B. One C. The D. /14. _writer and _ poet is coming to give us a talk this afternoon. A. A; a B. The; the C. The; a D. The; /15. Mr. Brown was elected _ head of our company. A. a B. the C. / D. one16. A bookseller is _ man who sells books. A. one B. theC. a D. /17. Jack enjoys _ music while his brother likes to go to _ cinema. A. /; / B. the; the C. the; / D. /; the18. I usually have _ lunch at home but yesterday I had _ good lunch at that restaurant. A. /; a B. the; / C. the; a D. the; the19. He sleeps during _ day and works at _ night. A. /; the B. the; / C. /; / D. the; /20. _ Jacksons have come, We can begin our party now. A. A B. One C. The D. /21. _ page of the book is missing and _ cover is torn. A. the; a B. A; the C. the; the D. a; a22. The Changjiang River is one of _longest rivers in the world. A. the B. a C. many D. /23. Your tie and mine are of _ color. A. same B. /C. the D. a24. Its usually hot in _ summer here, but in _summer of 1992 it was quite cool. A. the; the B. /; / C. the; / D. /; the25. China has many beautiful _ lakes, including _ West Lake. A. /; / B. /; the C. the; the D. /; a26. Canada is between _ Atlantic Ocean and _ Pacific Ocean. A. the; the B. a; a C. the; a D. a; the27. Father went to his doctor for _ about his heart trouble. A. advice B. an advice C. advices D. the advice28. Excuse me, can you tell me the way to _ office? A