Unit1语法学案过去分词作定语和表语.doc

过去分词(一): 作定语和表语一、过去分词作定语1. 课文再现1.) But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.2.) So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.3.) Soon the affected person died.4.) He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.5.) The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water anymore.6.) He placed a fixed sun at the center of the solar system.(1) 被感染的人： (2) 被污染的水： (3) 惊恐万分的人们： (4) 被脏水污染的河： (5) 一个固定的太阳： (7) 受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓：2. 过去分词作定语的意义1.)不及物动词的过去分词仅表示动作完成，无被动意义。 fallen leaves_ a developed country_ the retired teacher_2. )及物动词的过去分词有被动或完成的意思，及物动词的过去分词既表被动也表示完成；但 有时只表示被动： An honest guest_ (被动) A broken heart_ (被动和完成) A discussed question_(被动和完成) A divided country_(被动和完成)3. 过去分词作定语的位置前置定语1.) 被动意义(1) How many finished products have you got up to now? 到现在为止，你已经得到多少成品？ =How many products that have been finished have you got up to now?(2) an respected guest 一位受尊敬的客人 = a guest _ by others(3) polluted water = water _(4) the affected person = the person _ with cholera(5) freshly picked strawberries = strawberries _ 译：_2.) 完成意义：(1) The children are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard. 孩子们正在打扫院子里的落叶。=The children are cleaning the leaves that have fallen in the yard.(2) a retired worker 一位退休的工人 = a worker _3.) 表示“心理活动/状态”：terrified people = people who feel / are terrifiedastonished people = people _a fixed sun = a sun _ 总结：_的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之_, 作前置定语；相当于一个_从句，表示_、_和_的意义。注意：如被修饰的词是 something, anything, everything, nothing ,-one, -body以及those等, 分词放在被修饰词的后面。 Do you have anything unfinished? -你还有什么没完成的事吗？He is one of those kidnapped. -他是那些被绑架的人之一。后置定语例：1.) Things seen are better than things heard. 眼见最好。 =Things which are seen are better than things which are heard. 2.) This will be the best novel of its kind ever written. 这将是这类小说中写得最好的。 =This will be the best novel of its kind that has ever been written. 3.) ordinary people exposed to cholera = ordinary people who _ 4.) the river polluted by the dirty water = the river _ 总结：过去分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之_，作后置定语，作用相当于一个_从句, 表示_和 _ 的意思。4. 现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别不及物动词的过去分词仅表示时间的完成, 无被动意义。现在分词表示动作正在进行。语态不同1.) surprising news_ surprised listeners_2.) exciting movies_ excited children_时间关系不同3.) fallen leaves_ falling leaves_ 4.) a developed country_ a developing country_5.) the boiled water_ the boiling water_二、过去分词作表语1. 导入：翻译以下课文中的句子：他感到很振奋。 _他对两种理论都感兴趣。_哥白尼很害怕并且他的脑子一片乱。 _2. 再看以下句子并翻译：(1) The teacher seemed quite delighted at the idea._(2) When we heard of the story, we were deeply moved._(3) His hair is nearly all gone._ 总结：过去分词可放在系动词之后作_。过去分词作表语，可表示主语的_如句子_;还可表示 _如句子_。注意：作表语的过去分词，_的意味很弱，主要表示动作的_和某一_， 相当于一个形容词。Eg: The boat is broken. The street is crowded. 对比下列两组句子中的过去分词的用法，判断是被动语态还是作表语，并翻译： My glasses are broken. ( ) 译：_ My glasses were broken by my little daughter. ( ) 译：_ He was surprised at the news. ( ) 译：