人教版新目标七年级英语下册各单元词汇用法汇总.doc

人教版新目标七年级英语下册各单元词汇用法汇总Unit1 Where is you pen pal from?1、你的笔友来自哪里/是哪里人? Where is you pen pal from? / Where does your pen pal come from?from在这里作介词（又叫前置词prep.），意为“从来；出自”。“be from / come from”是固定词组，意为“来自/是人”。双如：He comes from Austrilia / He is from Australia. 他是澳大利亚人。(或：他来自澳大利亚。)They are from Japan / They come from Japan. 他们是日本人。（或：他们来自日本。）2、国家(countries): France, Japan, the United Sates, the United Kingdom, China, Singapore. 城市(cities): Sydney, New York, Paris, Toronto，Tokyo.语言(languages): English, Chinese, Japanese, French,你的笔友住在哪里? Where does you pen pal live? （他住在）东京。 He lives in Tokyo.他们说什么语言? What language do they speak? （他们说）日语。They speak Japanese.3、我想要(结交)一位中国的笔友。 I want a pen pal in/from China.4、我能说英语和一点法语。 I can speak English and a little French. little在这里作副词(ad.)，表示否定（数量或程度上）微少，少到几乎没有。 a little 表示肯定稍许，一点儿。little 和a little修饰不可数名词。又如： A little more sugar, please. 请再给我一点糖。 There is little bread in the plate. 盘子里没有面包了。 与之类似的是：few (形容词a.)，表示否定（数量或程度上）很少的，几乎没有的。 afew 表示肯定有些，几个。few 和afew修饰可数名词。又如： Few people live to be 100. 活到100岁的人很少。 He wants to be back home in a few days.他想几天以后回家。5、我喜欢和朋友一起看电影和做运动. I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports. like一词在中学英语中是一个使用频率很高的词，要正确用好它，就必须掌握好以下的句型： 基本形式like + 可数名词（复数）I like apples.我喜欢苹果。like + 不可数名词(单数)Do you like music? 你喜欢音乐吗？like + 动词的ing形式 I like swimming.我爱好游泳。like + to + 动词原形I like to play football today.今天我喜欢去踢足球。 主要用法： 用作动词（v.）“喜欢；感到喜欢；愿意；爱好”之意。无进行时态，既可表对人或物的“真挚感情”，也可表对某事的“浓厚兴趣和爱好”。其后可接名词（n.）、代词(pron.)、动名词(v.ing)或不定式(to do)。如： I like the little boy.我喜欢这个小男孩。like+(n.) Shes a nice girl. I like her.她是位好姑娘，我喜欢她。like+(pron.) He likes fishing.他喜欢钓鱼。like+(v.ing.) 注：上述用法中的like可用be fond of 来替代。 She likes to hear music.我喜欢这个小男孩。like+(to do sth.) 用作介词(prep.)，“像；像一样”。且like前一般要有系动词，如：be/sound/taste等。如： His bike is like mine. 他的自行车跟我的那辆一样。 She sounds just like her mother. 她说话的声音和她妈妈一模一样。 It tastes like an apple. 其味如苹果。（直译：它尝起来和苹果一样。） 与like有关的短语和重要句型： look like=look the same，“看起来像；像” She looks like her mother.(=She and her mother look the same.) 她长得很像她妈妈。 He looks like winning. 他看起来好像要赢了。 How do you like？你觉得怎么样？你希望吃（或喝）怎样的？你喜欢吗？ How did you like the television drama?你觉得那部电视剧怎么样？ How do you like your coffee,black or white?你喜欢喝怎样的咖啡？清咖啡还是加牛奶的？ How do you like the work? 你喜欢这项工作吗？ if you like. 如果你乐意（愿意/要这样做/理解） Ill drive, if you like. 如果你乐意的话，我来开车。 If you like, well go. 你要走我们就走。 Come if you like. 如果说你喜欢的话，那就来吧。 Ill go with you, if you like. 如果你喜欢的话，我会跟你走。 What is like? 怎么样？ What is the weather like today? 今天的天气怎么样？ Would / Could you like？表示“希望、愿意、想要” Would you like some tea? 要不要喝点茶？ Would you like some more fruit? 再来点水果好吗？ What would you like? 你想要（吃/喝）点什么？ would/should like“愿意/想要” I would like you to come tonight. 我希望你今天晚上来。 I would like to come. 我想来。 like to do sth. 喜欢做某事（表示一次性的具体行为） like doing sth. 喜欢做某事（表示经常性或习惯性的动作） like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事 I like to play basketball today. 今天我想去打蓝球。（只指今天我喜欢做的事） I like playing basketball after school. 放学后我喜欢打蓝球。（表示放学后打蓝球已成了习惯） He likes me to help him with his English. 他喜欢让我帮他补习英语。【Like 用法专项训练.翻译（每空一词）1. 他非常喜欢中国食品.He_Chinese food_ _.2. 你想要去公园吗？_you_to go to the park？3. 我一点儿也不喜欢这本书。I dont_this book_ _.4. 你觉得这部电影怎么样？ _do you_this film？5. 你想要什么？我想要些蛋糕。 What_you_？ I_ _ _cakes。6. 这辆自行车看起来像我的。 The bike_ _mine.7. 我喜欢唱歌，但今天不想唱。 I_ _， but I dont _ _ _today.8. 你爸爸喜欢看电视吗？ _your father_ _ TV？9. 李雷喜欢饭后帮助妈妈洗碗。 Li Lei_ _his mother to_the plates after meals。10. 今天天气怎么样？ _ the weather _today？II.按要求变换句式1. Tony likes Chinese people and food. （改为一般疑问句） _2. Id like to teach you English. （改为一般疑问句）_3. Lily likes bread. （改为一般疑问句，并作简略回答）_4. They like China very much.（对划线部分提问）_5. Id like to have a glass of milk. （对划线部分提问）_6. I like it very much. (改为同义句)I like it_ _.参考答案：I. 1. likes， very much/ a lot 2. Would/ Do， like/ want 3. like， at all 4. How， like 5. would， like， would like some 6. looks like/ is like 7. like singing，want to sing 8. Does，like watching 9. likes helping, wash 10. Whats, likeII.1. Does Tom like Chinese people or food？ 2. Would you like me to teach you English？ 3.Does Lily like bread?; Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt. 4.How do they like China? 5.What would you like? 6. a lot 】6、喜欢和不喜欢: like and dislike.7、你能尽快给我写信吗? Can you write to me soon? 8、请尽快写信告诉我有关你的情况。 Please write and tell me about yourself.write在这里的含意是“写信”，“write to sb.”是“给某人写信”。如： He writes to me everyday. 他每天给我写信。Why didnt you write and tell me? 你为什么不写信告诉我？Unit 2 Wheres the post office?1、Is there a bank near here? Yes, there is. Its on Center Street.附近有一家银行吗? 有，在中央大街上。There be 结构在英语中被广泛使用，它的许多变形常常使学习者迷惑不解，为帮助初级英语学习者更好地掌握这一句型，下面就There be 结构在中学阶段常见的变化形式进行小结如下：There be 结构用法小结顺口溜：there be句型有特点,主语放在be后边；变疑问，很简单,把be提到there前。变否定，也不难,be的后面not添；肯定句中用some, 疑问、否定any换。多个主语并列时, be随第一主语变；介词短语表地点,有表存在记心间。There be，主语前,have/has主语后面站；have/has表所有，There be表存在,区别牢记在心间。 用法详解： “there be”句型是一个典型的倒装句结构，句中的there只起引导作用，并无实际意义，句子的真正主语是谓语动词be后面的名词。译成汉语意思是“某处有某物”，但这个“有”是表示“存在”，而不是“所有关系”的“拥有”的“有”，表示“所有关系”的“拥有”的“有”，要用“have/has”来表示。 基本结构（也是最常用的）：there be + 名词（主语）+介词短语(be是谓语动词，它在人称和数上应和其后的主语（名词）保持一致，即主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is，复数时用are。)There is a map of Chinaon the back wall of our classroom. （我们教室的后墙上有一幅中国地图。）There is some meat on the plate盘子里有些肉。There are twenty boys and twenty-four girls in our class. （我们班有20名男生和24名女生。）试比较以下句子：（注意它们之间的区别）There isa pen and two books on the desk.课桌上有一支钢笔和两本书。There aretwo books and a pen on the desk. 课桌上有两本书和一支钢笔。There aresome students and a teacher in the classroom. 在教室里有一些学生和一位老师。There isa teacher and some students in the classroom. 在教室里有一位老师和一些学生。否定句：There arent any apples on the tree树上没有苹果。There werent two pictures on the wall yesterday昨天墙上没有两幅画。一般疑问句：Is there a map of Chinaon the wall. （墙上有一幅中国地图吗？）Are there two books and a pen on the desk.（课桌上有两本书和一支钢笔吗？）Is there any meat on the plate? 盘子里有肉吗？特殊疑问句：How many boys and girls are there in your class?你们班有多少男生和女生？How many maps of Chinaare there on the wall? 墙上有多少幅中国地图？How many books and pens are there on the desk? 课桌上有多少本书和多少支钢笔？Whats on the desk？课桌上有什么？Whats on the plate？盘子里有什么？Whats on the wall？墙上有什么？there + 情态动词+ be（表示推测或猜想）There must be something wrong.一定有问题。There ought not to be so many people.不应该有这么多的人。There might still be hope .可能还有点希望。There must be no one in the classroom教室里肯定没人。There might be snow at night.晚上可能有雪。There be结构常见时态（有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时等，其时态的变化都是通过be动词来完成和体现的。）时 态谓语动词例 句一般现在时are/isThere are two chairs in the room.一般过去时were/wasThere was a bike near the house a moment ago.一般将来时will beis(are)going beThere will be a meeting tonight. There is going to be a meeting tonight.There are gong to be two football matches tomorrow.现在完成时have/has beenThere have been great changes in my hometown.常见与时态有关的句型汇总：现在有 there is/are 过去有 there was/were将来有 there will be/there is /are going to be.现在已经有 there has/have been可能有 there might be.肯定有 there must be /there must have been.过去一直有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be 在there be引起的句子结构中，用来修饰主语的不定式用主动形式和被动形式均可。There is no time to lose (= to be lost).时间紧迫。There is nothing to see (=to be seen).看不见有什么。There is nothing to do (=to be done). 无事可做。There be结构中的谓语动词有时不用be，而用其他动词，使语言表达更生动形象，如live，stand，lie等词。Long，long ago，there lived a king很久以前有一个国王。There stands a temple on the hill山上有座庙。Then there came a knock at the door.然后有人敲门。 There be结构的陈述句变成反意疑问句时，其附加问句的主语应用there，而不可用其它词替代。Theres a beautiful flower on the floor，isn t there？There arent any books in the box，are there？ There be结构中的主语不能是人称代词、专有名词以及被物主代词或所有格修饰的名词。如：China is in the east of the world不能说：There is China in the east of the world.Their bikes are under the tree 不能说：There are their bikes un der the tree.They are over there. 不能说：There are they over there. 对于there be 结构的其它变形由于在中学阶段很少出现，这里就不多述。【专项练习】 汉译英： 今晚不开会。 这个村子过去只有一口井。 这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。 客人当中有两名美国人和两名日本人。 天气预报说下午有大风。 灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。 在那时这儿一直有家电影院的。 恰好那时房里没人。 从前，在这个村子里住着一位老奶奶。 公共汽车来了。 就只剩下二十八元了。 在这座房子前面长着一棵高大的松树。 铃响了。 二月份有二十八天。 参考答案： There isnt going to be a meeting tonight./There wont be a meeting tonight. There was only a well in the village. There is a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school. Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen. The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon. The light is on. There must be someone in the office. There used to be a cinema here before then. There happened to be nobody in the room. Once, there lived an old woman in the village. There comes the bus. There remained just twenty-eight yuan. In front of the house there stands(grows) a tall pine tree. There goes the bell. There are twenty-eight days in February.2、Where is the post office?邮电局在哪里? 3、The pay phone is across from the library.电话亭在图书馆的对面。 across from (美国) opposite (sth) 在.的对面: Just across from our house theres a school. 就在我们房子的对面有一所学校。 The post office is just across from the club. 邮局就有那俱乐部对面。4、The supermarket is next to the restaurant.餐馆在超市的隔壁。 next to“紧靠旁边；贴近；最接近”，和 beside 意思相同，都是“旁边”的意思：near比 beside 和 next to 较远一些，是“附近”的意思，它和close to意思相同。 The house next to ours. 跟我们家相邻的房子。 The hotel is next to the church. 旅馆就在教堂隔壁。5、The park is on Fifth Avenue.公园位于第五林荫大道上。6、The hotel is in front of the post office.旅馆在邮电局的前面。 in front of“在前面；在面前”（不在所指事物的内部）， in the front of“在最前面（或最重要）的位置”（在所指事物的内部）。 There is a river in front of the house. 房前有条小河。 She sat in the front of the car. 她坐在汽车的前座上。7、The supermarket is behind the library.超市在图书馆的后面。8、The bank is between the restaurant and the post office.银行在餐馆和邮电局的中间。 btween“在(两者)之间; 处在间”，或指“三者以上每两者之间”，而 among 用于二者以上“在之中”。 He arrived between 6 and 7 last night. 他昨晚6点到7点之间到的。 She shared the oranges between the three children. 她把橘子分给这三个孩子。 The young people lived and worked among the workers. 那些年青人生活、工作在工人之中。9、Excuse me. Is there a hotel in the neighborhood?请问,附近有一家旅馆吗? nighborhood“附近地区；周围地区；附近”；“街坊；四邻”。 The cat happened to be in the neighborhood. 这只猫碰巧就在附近。 The whole neighborhood was there. 街坊都在那里。10、Go straight and turn left.径直往前走,然后左拐。11、Its down Bridge Street on the right.它就在沿桥街靠右。12、a clean park. a dirty park 一个干净的公园一个肮脏的公园13、a new hotel an old hotel 一家新的旅馆一家古朴的旅馆14、a quiet street- a busy street 一条安静的街道一条繁忙的街道15、Welcome to the Garden District.欢迎到花园区来。16、Turn left on First Avenue and enjoy the citys quiet streets and small parks.在第一大街左转, （你就可以）欣赏这个城市的静谥的街道和小巧玲珑的公园。17、Take a walk through the park.步行穿过公园. tke a walk作“散步”解，其后通常接介词指出散步的地点或方向。 Every day he takes a walk in the park after supper. 每天晚饭后他在公园里散步。 Now lets take a walk along the path. 现在我们沿着小路散步吧！ through是介词，“穿越；穿过”之意，常常暗示在一个三维空间中通过。 He is looking through the window. 他正透过窗户往外看。 She looked up as I came through the door. 我进门时，她抬头看了看。18、Next to the hotel is a small house with an interesting garden.靠近那家旅馆是一个带有有趣花园的一座小房子。19、This is the beginning of the garden tour.这就是花园旅行的开始。20、Come to visit Bridge Street.来参观桥街。21、Bridge Street is a good place to have fun.桥街是一个（可以让人）玩得开心的好地方。22、My house is on a busy street. 我的家位于一条繁忙的大街上。23、I know you are arriving.我知道你要来了。 arrive vi. “到来，到达；达成，得出”。arrive at / in“到达/抵达某地”，相关词（组）有reach;get to，试比较： He arrives at school at eight every morning. 他每天早上八点钟到校。（到达小地方用at） He arrived in Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到北京的。（到达大地方用in） Three officers arrived on the scene. 三位警官到达现场。 He reached Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到北京的。 He got to Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到北京的。 He gets to school at eight every morning. 他每天早上八点钟到校。24、Take a taxi from the airport.从机场乘出租车。25、I hope you have a good trip.我希望你旅途愉快。26、Let me tell you the way to my house.让我来告诉你到我家的路。27、You pass a bank on your right. 靠右边你经过一家银行。28、If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket.如果你饿了,你可以在超市买点食物。 Unit3Why do you like koalas?1、Lets see the giraffes first. 让我们先看长颈鹿吧。 let 作及物动词（vt.），意为“允许；让；使”等，后接名词或代词宾格（作宾语），再跟不带to的动词不定式（作宾语补足语），构成let sb. do sth.(让某人做某事)let后接复合宾语的固定结构。如： Her parents wouldnt let her go out with boys. 她的父母不允许她和男孩一起出去。 His wife doesnt let him smoke. 他妻子不让他抽烟。 He didnt let us know when to come. 他没有告诉我们什么时候来。 类似的词还有have, make，如： Shall I have him come here? 要我叫他上这儿来吗？ What makes you ask that? 是什么使得你问那个问题的？2、Why do you want to see the dolphins? Because theyre very cute. 为什么你想要看海豚?因为它们非常可爱。3、Why do you like tigers? Because theyre kind of interesting.为什么喜欢老虎?因为它们有几分有趣。 why作疑问词时，可以用来向对方问及原因，可以用Why?或Why not?二者都是省略句，语气比较强烈，所以常常用because作答。 “Why?”用来针对肯定的内容发问。例如： A:What are you going to do tomorrow? B:Nothing much. Why?(=Why do you ask me that?) Why not?用来针对否定的内容发问，用在下列几种情况中： 对一般疑问句的否定回答进一步询问原因时。例如： A：Do you often go to school by bike? B:No, I dont. A:Why not?(=Why dont you go to school by bike?) 对反意疑问句的否定回答进一步询问原因时。例如： A：You havent finished your homework, have you? B: No, I havent. A: Why not?(=Why havent you finished it?) 对否定陈述句询问原因时。例如： A：I cant finish this work in two days. B:Why not?(=Why cant you finish it in two days?) 对表示建议、提议的回答时，形式上是否定，实际上是一种强调肯定的语气。例如： A：Could you come with me? B：Why not?(=I can go with you.) why除了用作疑问句之外，还可以用作引导词（又称感叹句）放在句首或句中作插入语，表示惊奇等各种各样的情绪，不译为“为什么”，根据上下文它可以有“哟，啊呀，哎呀，嗨，噢，呃，啊唷”等不同译法。例如： “.” “Next Friday? Why, whats happening?”“。”“下星期五？啊，有什么事吗？”Why! I thought you were in London.哎呀！我还以为你在伦敦呢！Why, its quite easy! A child could do it!唔，那是相当容易的！小孩子也会做它！Why,what did she say?呃，她说什么？why 还可用在书和文章的标题中用一种不规范的句子语序也是符合语法的。例如：Why I am learning English?我为什么学习英语？Why the bat comes out only at night?为什么蝙蝠只在夜里出来？用“why不定式”时，不定式的动词常是不及物动词。例如：He doesnt know why to go there.他不知道为什么去那里。why在口语中可以用作宾语。例如：Tell me why.告诉我为什么。I dont know why.我不知道为什么。Why not go with me?何不跟我一起去？（希望对方也去）Why dont you answer this question?为什么不回答这些问题？（疑问）why dont是疑问的用法，Why dont you/we . do sth？；why not常表示一种建议。不过某些情况在口语中可以简单地说 why not？ 注意：why not 是句口语短语。5、Lions are from South Africa. 狮子来自南非。6、Koalas are from Australia. 树袋熊来自澳大利亚。 be from的用法见第一单元。7、What other animals do you like? 你还喜欢什么其他的动物吗? other形容词（a. ），“别的；其它的；另外的；更多的”等意。其用法小结：other后接单复数均可，other one或other two students. others（另外的/别的/其它的人或物）本身就是复数，等于：other (ones)the other（两个中的另一个人或物）onethe other一定范围内两人(物)，一个用one，另一个用the other。some/any other（别的，其它的）：后接单复数均可；every other(隔一的)：后接单数。相关词组：one the other一个另一个（只有两个）some the others一些其余的（有三个以上）some others，others一些另外一些另外一些others = other people/thingsthe others = the rest剩余的全部1) 泛指另一个用another。2) 一定范围内两人(物)，一个用one，另一个用the other。3) 一定范围内三者，一个用one，另一个用one (another)，第三个可用the other，a third。4) 一定范围内，除去一部分人/物，剩余的全部用the others。5) 泛指别的人或物时，用others当在一定范围内，除去一部分后，剩余部分但不是全部时，也用others。8、Elephants like to play with their friends and eat grass. 大象喜欢和他的朋友一玩耍和吃草。 With作介词（prep.）,在不同的语言环境中，其含义不近相同，在此对with常见的用法做一小结，以供参考。1) “和(一起)；跟；同；和”。 She lives with her parents.她和父母住在一起。 Would you go to see a movie with me? 和我一起去看电影好吗？Mary married a man with a lot of money .马莉嫁给了一个有着很多钱的男人。I often dream of a big house with a nice garden .我经常梦想有一个带花园的大房子。The old man lived with a little dog in the little house.这个老人和一条小狗住在小屋里。2)表一致、赞成：“与(符合)；赞成；支持；在一边”。I agree with you on how to deal with it .关于此事如何处理，我同意你的看法。The people are with him. 人民拥护他。3) “加在上；连同；还有；包括”：Do you want sugar with your tea? 你茶里要加糖吗？4)“具有；有；带有；有特征；穿着；戴着”：He is a man with ideas. 他是个有思想的人。The girl with golden hair looks beautiful .那个金头发的女孩看起来漂亮。A storm with a hurricane has come onto its way .带有飓风的风暴要来了。5)表示“在身上；在身边”：Do you have money with you .身上带着钱吗？I have no money with me. 我身边没有钱。6)表同时、同一方向、同一程度：“随着；与一起”The big ship is sailing with the wind .这个大船正随风向航行。And with the last words , she turned away.随着最后一句话说完，他转身离开了。7)表手段、工具、材料：“以；用；借”。I cut the apple with a sharp knife .我用一把锋利的刀削平果。He drew the picture with a pencil .他用铅笔画画。He is filling a bottle with water. 他正往瓶里注水。 8)表行为方式：“以；以方法” He stared at the man with wide-open eyes. 他瞪着眼盯着这个人。9)表伴随的情况或结果：He offen sleeps with the windows open. 他常常开着窗户睡觉。The man is standing there with his hands in his pockets. 那人两手插在口袋里站在那儿。 10)表对等、对照、对比：She sings with the best of them. 她唱得不亚于他们中间最好的歌手。 11)表关系：“对（于）；关于”： She is angry with him. 她对他发怒。 What does that man want with you? 那人要你做什么？ How are you getting along with your work?你的工作进展得如何？12)表相对、相离、相接：“跟；对；与”make friends with sb. 和交朋友talk /quarrel / struggle / fight /play / work /cooperate with sb.和某人交谈/吵架/竞争/打架/玩/工作/合作（协作） You must break with the past. 你必须与过去决裂。13)表原因，理由：“为；因”，作此用法时多半与表情绪的词连用。John was in bed with high fever .约翰因发烧卧床。He jumped up with joy .他因高兴跳