2018届高三英语二轮复习专题三阅读理解第三讲推理判断题.docx

第三讲推理判断题题型1逻辑推断类示例(2017全国卷，B)Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups. It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theaters 75year history. This time, however, the cleanup was a little different. As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the buildings end.The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with tearyeyed audience wanting to say goodbye to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.7What can we infer about the audience?AThey are disappointed with Bradford.BThey are sad to part with the old theater.CThey are supportive of the city officials.DThey are eager to have a shopping center.解题思路第一步速读文章，找出相关信息句，并标出进行推理判断的关键词由第二段Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with tearyeyed_audience wanting to say goodbye to the old building.的关键信息来推断答案。第二步根据该题选项特点找到tearyeyed与sad相呼应，goodbye与part相呼应。尝试解答_B_答题技巧1识别题干关键(1)It can be inferred from the passage that _(2)It can be concluded from the passage that_(3)The author strongly suggests that _(4)The writer implies but not directly states that _2“逻辑关联”得结论(1)抓与之相关的关键信息，进行正向或逆向思维，推断出隐含的深层含义。(2)整合全文或全段信息，进行综合判断，确定最佳选项。(3)根据上下文逻辑关系，进行实事求是的判断，得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是仅仅根据自己的经验、观点或爱好做出判断。题型2目的意图类示例(2016全国卷，C)If you are a fruit groweror would like to become onetake advantage of Apple Day to see whats around. Its called Apple Day but in practice its more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but since it has caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesnt taste of anything special, its still worth a try, as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cats Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but youll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so its a_pipe_dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with applethemed fun and games.Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园)If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.11What is the authors purpose in writing the text?ATo show how to grow apples.BTo introduce an apple festival.CTo help people select apples.DTo promote apple research.解题思路第一步速读文章，试找出相关的信息句，并标出关键词关键词句：If_you_are_a_fruit_groweror_would_like_to_become_onetake_advantage_of_Apple_Day_to_see_whats_around.第二步与选项进行对比，得出答案尝试解答_B_答题技巧1识别题干关键(1)What is the main purpose of the passage?(2)The writer of the story wants to tell us that _(3)The author writes the last paragraph in order to _2“文体特点”求突破(1)记叙文：一般会在首段或尾段出现高度概括的总结性的语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有的叙述都是围绕该哲理展开。(2)广告类应用文：文章中有对某种物品或服务的详尽介绍，使用具有明显支持倾向的语言。(3)说明文：写作目的有赖于对文章主旨的把握，阅读时需要找准主题句。(4)议论文：提出论点进行论证得出结论，作者的意图往往隐含于最后一部分中。题型3观点态度类示例(2015全国卷，B)The freezing Northeast hasnt been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter，so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota，Florida，my bags were packed before you could say“sunshine.”I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C (维生素C)，thinking of beaches and orange trees.When we touched down to blue skies and warm air，I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness.Swimming pools，wine tasting，and pink sunsets (at normal evening hours，not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend，but the best partparticularly to my taste，dulled by months of coldweather root vegetableswas a 7 am. adventure to the Sarasota farmers market that proved to be more than worth the early wakeup call.The market，which was founded in 1979，sets up its tents every Saturday from 7 am. to 1 pm.，rain or shine，along North Lemon and State streets.Baskets of perfect red strawberries；the redpainted sides of the Java Dawg coffee truck；and most of all，the tomatoes：amazing，large，soft and round red tomatoes.Disappointed by many a broken，vineripened(蔓上成熟的) promise，Ive refused to buy winter tomatoes for years.No matter how attractive they look in the store，once I get them home theyre unfailingly dry，hard，and tasteless.But I homed in，with uncertainty，on one particular table at the Browns Grove Farms stand，full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my fist.These were the real dealand at that moment，I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home in New York I wouldnt be experiencing again for months.Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight，my happiness deepened when I learned that Browns Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty，a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton，whereluckily for meI was planning to have dinner that very night.Without even seeing the menu，I knew Id be ordering every tomato on it.24What did the author think of her winter life in New York?AExciting.BBoring.CRelaxing. DAnnoying.解题思路第一步速读文章，找出相关的信息句，并标出关键词由第一段The freezing Northeast hasnt_been_a_terribly_fun_place to spend time this winter，so.第二步结合选项，进行合理推断尝试解答_B_答题技巧1识别题干关键(1)Whats the writers attitude towards.?(2)What is the authors opinion on.?(3)What does the author think about.?2“忠于措辞”定选项文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中，注意文中作者或人物的措辞。(1)正确掌握字里行间所隐含或流露的意思，切不可用自己的观点来代替作者或文中人物的观点。(2)留意那些描写所处氛围的语言及表达情感、态度或观点的词语或句子。(3)结合平时所积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等的背景知识来进行合理的推断。3牢记常见有关作者情感态度的词语(1)表示支持或肯定：positive积极乐观的；supportive支持的；optimistic乐观的；humorous幽默的；enthusiastic热情的；pleasant愉快的。(2)表示中立：indifferent不感兴趣的，漠不关心的，中立的；uninterested不感兴趣的；objective客观的；neutral中立的；not mentioned未提及的。题型4文章出处或读者对象类示例(安徽卷，A)Personal RobotMake your parents and teachers happy！Are you having problems finishing your homework on time? Do you avoid tidying your room until your mom shouts at you? You dont need to worry if you buy a Mr.Helping Hand personal robot.Mr.H can be programmed to organize your homework.Your own personal robot will follow you around，putting away books and objects that you have left on the floor or bed. Mr.H also has these features(特点)：weighs only 500 gramsincludes longlasting batteriescomes with a 5year guaranteeremembers simple instructionsOriginally(最初) sold for $499NOW ONLY $299BUY NOW WATCH CONTROLThis is a watch that James Bond would be proud to wear!This is NOT a watch for ordinary people!Your electronic PENGO WATCH CONTROLacts as a remote control for TVs and videos.gives you a daily weather forecast.reminds you when to hand in your homework.sets off a silent warning alarm when parents or teachers are near.Besides，your PENGO WATCH CONTROL will always tell you the time accurately!Originally sold for $199NOW ONLY $99For further information，click here. 59Where would you be most likely to find the two texts?AOn a notice board. BIn a company brochure.COn a teenage website.DIn a college newspaper.解题思路第一步速读文章，结合文章语言特色找出最能体现文章出处的专用词汇BUY_NOWFor_further_information,_click_here第二步结合选项，试进行合理推断尝试解答_C_答题技巧1识别题干关键(1)The passage would probably be found in _(2)The passage is most likely to be taken from/out of _(3)Where does the text probably come from?2“专用词汇”做判断考生本身要具备一定的常识，把文章的内容与自己所具备的常识结合起来做出正确的判断。如要对报纸、杂志、网络、小说、童话、广告、说明书、旅游指南、药品说明、操作指南等文章的语言特色，特别是其专用词汇有基本的了解，根据文章的语言特色和其专用词汇对号入座，快速选出最佳答案。状元技法推理判断题解题三技巧1抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理。抓住某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正向推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。2整合全文信息进行推断。在弄懂全文意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的信息，严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点等系列材料，综合起来去推理判断。3利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断。在把握主旨大意的基础上利用文章的语境褒贬性对文章进行准确的逻辑判断。,学生用书P50 )A(2017湖北武汉高三调研)I felt like I had clicked my heels three times and come to a country away from home every morning as I walked through the doors at the Embassy of Australia in Washington.Musical Aussie accents and Aboriginal art exhibits made me wonder if I had entered without a visa. In fact I was a temporary employee，a public affairs unpaid intern(实习生) for three months during the summer in order to engage myself in the culture of the country where I planned to study the next spring. During the summer I read the Australian news every day. Working at the embassy allowed me to escape the US.for six hours per day and learn about what was going on across the planet.After reading the daily Australian and US.news I usually helped prepare a PowerPoint presentation for school kids who visited the embassy as part of a school activity. Depending on whether an embassy event was going on，I would attend weekly meetings to listen to planning and see what I could do to help.Usually there were smaller tasks to be done such as creating visitors guides.The most fantastic event in which I participated was the visit of the Australian Prime Minister. As the only American among countless Australian media and staff, I felt comfortable and was kept busy taking pictures and recording doorstop interviews at famous sites such as the Capitol. As an intern, you will not be exposed to topsecret information, but you are on the inside when it comes to special events.Government work is a useful addition to ones experience. As an embassy employee you will gain invaluable knowledge while spending your summer in a culturally diverse workplace.解题导语本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者为了要到澳大利亚学习提前在位于华盛顿的澳大利亚驻美国大使馆实习的经历。1What is the author talking about?AHer embassy internship.BHer trouble in finding a job.CHer foreign culture experience.DHer preparation for future employment.A解析：主旨大意题。根据全文大意可知，作者主要讲述了她在位于华盛顿的澳大利亚驻美国大使馆实习的经历。2Why was the author in the Embassy of Australia for three months?ATo apply for a visa.BTo prepare to study in Australia.CTo record musical Aussie accents.DTo appreciate Aboriginal art exhibits.B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“in order to engage myself in the culture of the country where I planned to study the next spring”可知，作者实习的原因是让自己融入澳大利亚的文化中，因为明年春天她要去那里学习，故答案为B。3What was the author forbidden to do when the Australian Prime Minister visited America?ARecord doorstop interviews.BKnow topsecret information.CTake pictures of special events.DStand among the Australian staff.B解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句中的“you will not be exposed to topsecret information”可知，实习生不会接触到绝密信息，故选B。4What can we infer about the authors daily routine at the Embassy?AIt is tiring.BIt is boring.CIt is exciting. DIt is relaxing.C解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句中的“The most fantastic event”以及最后一段中的“a useful addition”和“gain invaluable knowledge”可知，作者对这次经历的描述是非常积极和正面的，因此可以推断出，在大使馆工作是令作者兴奋的。B(2017陕西高三教学质量检测)Our success，satisfaction and general happiness in life is not dependent on what happens to us but how we deal with it. You will probably know from personal experience what a difference your attitude can make when，for example，youre returning faulty goods or making a complaint. An open, polite and friendly approach，expecting a satisfactory result，normally results in one as people tend to respond with a similar attitude. If，however，you present an argument with an angry，accusing tone，expecting trouble，there is little doubt that this is what youll get!Some people see the world through a filter of optimism and some through a filter of pessimism(悲观) which largely comes down to having a positive or negative(消极的) attitude. People who are suffering from a negative attitude primarily think that something cant be done；they talk about problems, see all the difficulties，find fault with and criticize other people and focus on all the things they would like but havent got.On the contrary，people blessed with a positive attitude think that anything is possible.They look for ways to solve the problems, they see the good in everybody，and they are grateful for all the good things in their lives.Whether suffering from or blessed with your attitude，this is not something that is put on us from the outside.We are very much responsible for our own attitude.We all start out with a “clean” board but this can get muddied by our experiences in life.As children we are made fun of and even get bullied(欺侮) and rejected，start to experience doubt and lose our selfconfidence.If this continues into adulthood，it can result in a bad attitude in later life.解题导语本文展现出了积极的人生态度的重要性。5It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that people are likely to treat others_Athe way they are treatedBbetter when they are satisfiedCworse when they are in troubleDthe way they consider appropriateA解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的整体内容尤其是“as people tend to respond with a similar attitude”可知，你以什么样的态度对待他人，他人也会用同样的方式对待你。6According to the writer，what affects peoples life attitude?AThe situation they face.BThe people around them.CTheir expectations of life.DThe way they view the world.D解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的整体内容并结合最后一段中的“We are very.We all start out with aclean board but this can get muddied by our experiences in life.”可知，人们看待世界的方式会左右他们对事物的态度，人们的人生经历对人生态度又有影响，故选D。7What is the purpose of the writer in writing this passage?ATo show how to avoid a negative attitude.BTo show the importance of a positive attitude.CTo share his positive attitude with his readers.DTo describe the effects of a negative attitude.B解析：写作意图题。根据第一段并结合全文的内容可推知，作者写本文的目的在于表明积极的人生态度的重要性。专题强化训练13推理判断题逻辑推断类/目的意图类学生用书P101(单独成册)A(2017东北三省四市高考模拟)As her son Cameron sits at his laptop completing a task for his math degree course, Alison Thompson, a fulltime mum, is busy helping her daughter Emma(two years younger than Cameron) get dressed. While help has always been available for Emma, Alison and her husband also have to fight to get Cameron the support he needs. “People could see that Emma has special needs but because Cameron was doing so well at school, his teachers never thought there was a problem with him，” says Alison.It took Alison and her husband a while to realize their son was different. Camerons ability didnt become clear until he began primary school. Once he even corrected the teacher when she told the class that zero was the lowest number. Cameron told her she was wrong because there were negative numbers(负数). He was four at the time. Now 14yearold Cameron is at secondary school, studying for a distance learning math degree with the Open University, having_sailed_through_his_GCSE at 11 and his Alevel at 12, achieving top grades.Bethany, another daughter of Alison, is bright too but not gifted. She is the one who will remind absentminded Cameron to put on his coat. She also helps him out in social situations.Emma attends a specialist school and the family is quick to celebrate her successes too. “The other day she did up the buttons on her coat, which was real progress，” Alison says.Late last year the Thompsons took part in a television documentary(纪录片) to prove that not all gifted children are the result of extremely ambitious parents. Gifted children need support too and their lives dont have to be that different. Cameron is an example.解题导语本文是一篇记叙文。通过讲述Thompson一家人的生活说明了任何孩子都需要亲人的支持和帮助，天才儿童的生活也如此。1What does Paragraph 1 indicate?ACameron helps Emma with her math tasks.BTeachers at school ignored Emmas problems.CBoth Cameron and Emma need parental support.DThe couple often have fights because of Cameron.C解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的“While help has always been available for Emma, Alison and her husband also have to fight to get Cameron the support he needs.”可知，Emma和Cameron都需要父母的支持，故C项正确。2What does the underlined phrase “having sailed through his GCSE” probably mean?AHaving passed his GCSE easily.BHaving taken his GCSE seriously.CHaving worked hard at his GCSE.DHaving suffered a lot from his GCSE.A解析：词义猜测题。根据文章画线短语后的“at 11 and his Alevel at 12, achieving top grades”可知，Cameron在11岁就通过了GCSE考试，在12岁则通过了Alevel阶段的学习，故画线短语意为“轻而易举地通过GCSE考试”。3There are _people in Mrs. Thompsons family.AthreeBfourCfive DsixC解析：细节理解题。文章提到了Thompson夫妇、儿子Cameron、女儿Emma和Bethany，所以Thompson一家共5个人。4What can be concluded from the passage?AEmma has learned to take good care of herself.BCameron showed his gifts before primary school.CThe children of the family are bright and gifted.DGifted kids are not so different as people expect.D解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的“Gifted children need support too and their lives dont have to be that different.”可知，天才儿童也需要支持，他们的生活不一定和别人不一样，即天才儿童不像人们所期望的那样事事不同于常人，故选D项。B(2017烟台诊断)In an effort to discourage people from using plastics, scientists have been hard at work inventing alternative packaging products. From water bottles made from seaweed to cutlery(餐具) made from rice and wheat, a number of inventions are set to change the way we eat while we are on the go, or having a relaxing picnic in the park.The idea of using seaweed to make ecofriendly(环保的) water bottles has been around for a few years. Recently, Ari Jonsson took his inv