考点之被动语态.doc

考点之被动语态当强调动作承受者，不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时，多用被动式。结构：be + p.p 考点一 常见时态的被动结构 1） 一般现在时，结构: is / am / are + p.p1, He does his homework at school everyday.His homework is done at school by him everyday.2） 一般过去时，结构：was / were + p.p1, She bought a new bike yesterday. A new bike was bought by her yesterday.2，A new shop was built last year.3） 一般将来时，结构： will + be + p.p1，A new hospital will be built in our city. 2，Many more trees will be planted next year.3，They will ask you a lot of strange questions. You will be asked a lot of strange questions.4） 过去将来时，结构： would + be + p.p1, My parents told me that they would give me a special present a few days ago.My parents told me that a special present would be given to me a few days ago5） 现/过在完成时，结构：has / have /had + been + p.p1, We have studied English for 3 years. English has been studied by us for 3 years6） 情态动词的结构：情态动词 + be + p.p1, Young trees must be watered often. 2, The door may be locked inside7） 不定式的被动语态：to + be + p.p There are twenty more trees to be planted.考点二 主动句变为被动句的4个步骤： 1.把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语2.把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。3.原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它 的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。 4.其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。如图主动语态： 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 被动语态： 主语 + be + p.p + by + 宾语1. Bruce writes a letter every week. A letter is written by Bruce every week.2. He has written two novels so far.Two novels have been written by him so far.考点三感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上tomake somebody do something somebody+ be +made to do something see somebody do something somebody +be +seen to do something 1，A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by. My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. 2，The boss made the little boy do heavy work. The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.考点四如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态1，He gave me a book. A book was given to me by him. 2，He showed me a ticket. A ticket was shown to me by him. 3，My father bought me a new bike. A new bike was bought for me by my father.反意疑问句反意疑问构成：1，肯定陈述否定疑问 2，否定陈述肯定疑问简略问句的构成：助动词 + 人称代词？否定式，not应与be，do，will等系动词、助动词、情态动词缩写1，You often have headaches, dont you?2，There wont be any trouble, will there?考点一1) 陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 arent I.Im as tall as your sister，arent I?2） there be 结构1，There is something wrong with your watch, isnt there?2，There will not be any trouble, will there?3）祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。1， Dont do that again, will you? 2，Go with me, will you ?Lets 开头的祈使句，后用shall we? Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you?1，Lets go and listen to the music, shall we?2，Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you?4） had better，反意疑问句中要用hadntWe had better go to school at once, hadnt we? 5）当陈述部分含有以下这些含有否定意义的词时：few, little, seldom，hardly, never, not, no, no one, nobody, nothing, none, neither等，其反意疑问句需用肯定结构。1，He hardly knows anything about computer, does he?2，Tom has little knowledge of how to spend money, does he?6）陈述部分的主语是指示代词this或that时，反意疑问句的主语用it，当陈述部分的主语是指示代词these或those时，其反意疑问句的主语用they。1，This is a plane, isnt it? 2，These are grapes，arent they? 7）陈述部分的主语是everything, nothing, anything或something 时，反意疑问句的主语应用代词it。例如：Something is wrong with my radio, isnt it? 陈述部分的主语是 everybody, everyone, anybody, anyone, somebody, someone, nobody, no one, none, neither 时, 其反意疑问句的主语需用复数代词they。例如：1，Everyone is here, arent they? 2，No one knows about it, do they? 8）当陈述部分含I think (believe, suppose.)that. 结构时，其反意疑问句须与从句的主、谓语保持一致， I dont think he will come, will he? 考点二前否后肯反意疑问句的回答。（反问句同理）1， There arent any books on the desk, are there?Yes, there are. (不，有一些) No, there arent. （是的，没有。）yes, no 和中文回答相反。考点之感叹句感叹句通常由what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜 悦、等感情。what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词，副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种：How+形容词或副词+陈述语序 What +名词+陈述语序What +a+形容词+名词+陈述语序What+ 形容词+复数名词+陈述语序What+ 形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序1，How lovely the baby is!2，What noise they are making!3，What a clever boy he is!4，What wonderful ideas (we have)!5，What cold weather it is!考点之不规则动词的过去式，过去分词1. A-A-A型cost cost cost 花费 cut cut cut 割，切 hit hit hit 打 let let let 让 put put put 放下 read read read 读 hurt hurt hurt 伤 2. A-A-B型 beat beat beaten 打 3. A-B-A型 come came come 来 become became become 变 run ran run 跑 4. A -B -B型 burn burnt burnt 燃烧 learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习 lose lost lost 失去mean meant meant意思hear heard heard 听见 send sent sent 送lend lent lent 借给build built built 建筑 spend spent spent 花费 dig dug dug 挖sit sat sat 坐pay paid paid 付 lay laid laid 下蛋 say said said 说 bring brought brought 带来buy bought bought 买 think thought thought 想 sleep slept slept 睡 sweep swept swept 扫 stand stood stood 站 understand understood understood 明白 win won won 得胜 shine shone/shined shone/ shined 发光make made made 制造get got got 得到 have had had 有 catch caught caught 抓住 hold held held握teach taught taught 教 feel felt felt 觉得fight fought fought 战斗sell sold sold 卖find found found 发现 meet met met 遇见 shoot shot shot 射击tell told told 告诉hang hanged/ hung hanged/ hung 绞死，挂 leave left left 离开 keep kept kept 保持smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅，闻5. A-B-C型 fall fell fallen 落下 steal stole stolen 偷 give gave given 给 freeze froze frozen 冻结see saw seen 看见 show showed shown展示ride rode ridden 骑write wrote written 写 blow blew blown 吹fly flew flown 飞grow grew grown 生长 drive drove driven 驾驶扔throw threw thrown 抛，know knew known 知道 draw drew drawn 拉，take took taken拿sing sang sung 唱speak spoke spoken 说话 break broke broken 破碎，forget forgot forgott