新GREISSUE重题翻译提纲例文.doc

ISSUE新题库 翻译&重题合并&范文GRE Analytical Writing ISSUE Essay Topic - 003 / 035 / 037Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed. 教育机构有责任劝阻学生不要从事不太可能成功的科学研究。Position:有保留的反对不同意作者的观点，人应该按照自己的理想和兴趣选择自己的学习方向；但是有些时候教师的建议，也是值得考虑的。1、由于老师不可能对每个人的性格特点都了解清楚，所以对一个学生未来职业的选择的建议也不一定是客观的。2、就算老师很了解一个人的特点，但是人是会变的。通过在学习过程，不断改变自己，很有可能把那么自己不是原来不是很擅长但是很喜欢的工作做好。3、但是，老师毕竟经验比较丰富，做出的判断也往往是合适的。所以，我们应该多听听老师的意见，然后加上自己的思考，作出自己的选择。General statement:教育机构对学生的未来负有责任，应该尽可能的去帮助学生取得成功。Thesis statement:帮助学生取得成功是教育机构的责任。但是教育机构在帮助学生的过程中，应该更多的考虑学生自己对兴趣和对未来的选择，提出建议而不是力劝学生离开他们认为不可能成功的领域。Development: 教育机构对学生的未来富有责任。教育机构很难以区分某些学生在某些领域是不太可能取得成功的。某些领域，可能目前来看不是成功的领域，但是若干年以后可能成功。应该更多的考虑学生自己的兴趣。兴趣才是成功的关键。Giving a few second on interesting matter is better the spending an hours for boring issue”. Its humans tendency to work attentively and alertly on the issue which is of his interest and keeping him self away from annoying topic, even if it has been suggested and advised by many people. Interest and likeness of person matters a lot in his life.Every one likes to work in the field of interest and if we talk about students then they prefer the subject and faculty of their interest. In case of some students, they get confused in deciding that what is of their interest and what they choose for they expertisment. Availability of many option leads to this short of situation.After completing the secondary school education, it become very tough for students to select their main subject as a career option. As in their previous study there may be more then one subjects in which they are interested. So in this stage many influences effects on their thinking. What their colleagues are selecting as their field of further study, advices from parents and other relatives etc. take them to divert from their field of interest and catch up in any regardless field.This is where the Educational institution can come in picture and helps out the future of the country. Teachers and professors in education institutes has better vision to understand the interest of the students and guide them in proper way. And it has been reviewed that students consider their teachers advices more compare to other.Every one knows that “youth is the power of country”. To guide them in proper way is essential requirement for each country. If one intelligent student enters in the filed in which he should not be then he can not bring out from that situation and put him in proper place. In that case he works, but not with heart and interest. And this mistake become mater of repentance for him for whole life. And no gain in the development of the country become possible from him.So it is crucial for Educational institutes to help out student to lead them in appropriate future. There must be separate department in each institute to handle this stuff of guiding the students with highly qualified teachers. They should arrange Vocational guidance session to let the student to understand the filed of their interest and get information about there likeness. They must set arrangement to keep the students from being away from influences and listening words off heart towards their likeness. It also requires to give training to the teachers for this purpose.Without Acquiring the youth of country in proper manner, progress of the country is not possible And Educational institutes are the main source to lead the student in the field of their interest and likeness. So they have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.GRE Analytical Writing ISSUE Essay Topic - 006 / 014 / 096 / 116A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college. 在进行大学教育以前，国家应该要求所有的学生学习统一的国家课程。Position1:有保留的反对Outline1国家课程和地方课程都需要1、国家课程可以确保学生在学科学习水平上有统一标准和要求，为大学学习打好基础language, mathematics, science, history, computer, form the same education background fundamental skills and knowledge, children grow up as informed and productive members of society. easier for college to build curriculua suitable for all freshmen2、完全统一的国家课程在制定上有问题谁来决定课程，regulators quirky notions of what should be taughtprovinces;communities;schools;parents对教育的看法不同，不会完全同意国家课程3、实施主要国家课程的同时还需要设置地方性课程，符合地方需求，keep local culturebusiness courses suitable for children live in metropolitan, unsuitable for those live in hinterland; course on farming local culture,language,tradition,arts learn literature, works related with local life easier to understand, to preserve local culture and languageOutline2使学生获得起码的知识水平与思想比如统一学习国家的历史与文化，可以can ensure all of our students be favored with the opportunity to learn all merits of the traditional values that have been created and tested for a long time by our ancestors比如学习数学，物理，化学这些学科，培养足够的逻辑思维和认知能力cognitive skill 有助于大学设置课程 provide a predictable foundation upon which college administrators and faculty could more easily build curricular and select course materials for freshmen， 如果学生素质差别太大，很难找到一个合适的起点。Q保证教材的质量全国同一的教材可以请专家来编写，教材质量有保障，而一些地方可能没有条件来编教材但是对于某些特殊民族和地区，统一的国家教材可能难以满足他们的需要，甚至可能破坏他们的传统习俗和生活方式On the first place, in some special regions where local persons may possess some kind of traditions and customs totally different from the rest of the nation, unduly emphasize the application of the national curriculum may ruin their culture and value system.)。还有一些少数民族地区可以开必要的语言课程以及了解自己民族发展历史的课程。比如艺术学校的学生，就需要学习艺术类相关课程而重点不在科学知识上传输教条facilitate the dissemination of propaganda and other dogmawhich because of its biased and one-sided nature undermines the very purpose of true education: to enlighten. Might wish to suppress as some sort of threat to its authority and power. 比如国家间意识形态不同，各自通过统一的课程来攻击，贬低彼此，不利于培养思想完善的人Outline31 为了保证在大学入学考试时的公平性，以及培养一个人生存所必备的能力，国家需要制定统一的必修课【比如数学培养logic ability in order to form rigorous thought; history makes people get a general view of a nation】2 考虑到一些特殊情况，地区可以根据需要开设一些有自己特色的课；（例子，比如艺术院校的学生，除了学习国家规定的课程外，还必须学一些专业方面的知识；还有一些少数民族地区可以开必要的语言课程以及了解自己民族发展历史的课程；还有就是为特殊学生开设特殊的课程，包括handicapped one and generous one【这点不晓得有没有偏题】）3 以统一课程为主，地方辅以需要的地方课。Position2:有保留的同意一、有一定好处，但是地方学校同样可以做到，而且让国家来决定教育的内容有问题，但是在偏远地区还是应该让国家资助二、国家统一的好处It is true that uniform courses have some merits with three aspectsa基础技能 b. 国家政治、地理等课程能更好把握整体，编写教材 c. 一个社会的成员需要共同的背景三、国家统一课程的优点地方学校也可以做到However, the regional schools can also provide core courses as same as the national curriculum, and even provide some special courses that combine with regional characteristicsa. 为了吸引学生，要把家长和学生看重的加入课程b而且有地方特色的课程，比如local culturec使得学校多样化，家长和学生的选择增加四不能把课程的决定交给官僚its ill-conceived to delegate decisions about education to a few bureaucrats.1所有人都变成一样2. 选择变少，控制思想，降低创造力 3教育保持多样化五、但是在边远山区，没有钱自己编写课程，国家还是要资助，不得已用国家提供的教材、老师The children of a nation are its future. Along with becoming independent and successful, they are the ones to carry the responsibility of running the nation as well as developing it in the future. Therefore, it is very important to form a strong base in their formative years so that they are not only successful in the personal front but also turn out to be good citizens. Education plays an important role in forming the basis of a childs future. The curriculum should therefore be carefully chosen to fulfill these requirements. I believe that the curriculum being followed in a nation should be similar but schools should have some freedom to introduce or change it to a certain extent. While the larger part of the curriculum should be decided to remain similar on a national level, it should not be binding schools completely to follow it strictly.Having a uniform curriculum is beneficial in many ways. It determines a standard level which is required by every student to clear before he is able to take another academic step. Each level prepares the student for the next level and this forms a stepwise format of learning. A common curriculum ensures a stable and universal learning pattern. It allows making the curriculum familiar throughout the nation and it becomes easier to refer to it. There are many students who attend more than one school during their education. A common national curriculum is very important for such students who leave one school and join another at a different place. For example, consider the people in a transferable job like the defense. The children of a defense person have to go to different places along with their families. It is evident that they need to change their schools as often as their guardians get transferred to a new place. If there are no guidelines for curriculum given to schools, these children will have to face new and unfamiliar curriculums everywhere they go. This will make it difficult for them to cope up with the requirements of a new curriculum and they will be at a great disadvantage. According to me, a uniform curriculum at all places makes it easier for such people to change schools and adjust in a new environment without hampering their growth.Today is the age of competition. In order to find a place anywhere the students need to compete with each other. Therefore, uniformity is required at some level so that there is fair competition. Generally, students have to face an entrance test at the college level to secure a seat. This entrance test is based on the knowledge acquired by students in their high schools. If there is variation in the curriculum that they have studied, the entrance test will not be made on similar lines for everyone. Hence, it would benefit some students who have studied that curriculum and the other students would be at a loss. There would be no way to judge their capabilities with the same parameters. Hence, it is very important that uniformity be maintained in the curriculum at the school level, and students be able to face fair competition when they leave school.However, I maintain that along with following the national guidelines for curriculum, schools should have certain liberty in choosing the format of courses it offers. Each student is different and so are his abilities. While there are some students who are fast learners, some are average and some are extremely slow. Moreover, the interests of students vary. Keeping in mind the interests of students, the curriculum should be molded so that they retain their interest in studies altogether. Hence, schools should be allowed a certain amount of discretion in making certain changes according to the needs only for the betterment of all the students.In the end I would I like to conclude that a uniform pattern on the whole is very important at a national level. However, at the same time, schools should not be bound to follow it blindly and should be able to make certain changes that help the students in their studies.GRE Analytical Writing ISSUE Essay Topic - 008 / 111 / 149Claim: In any fieldbusiness, politics, education, governmentthose in power should step down after five years. Reason: The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership. 结论：如商业、政治、教育、政府，在任何领域中的掌权者应该在五年后就让位。原因：对于任何机构，最可靠的成功途径是通过新领导阶层带来革新。Position1:有保留的反对Outline1一、每个领域对于领导的quality要求不一样，确实新人可以带来活力，但不能独立性和经验在一些领域很重要二、期限的好处changing leadership in a relative short period has some merits.如果没有期限，领导没有畏惧，abuse，不积极；有了限期以后，更努力，害怕被人取代，他人起到监督的作用；新领导有活力，更能创新，不惧权威，实现社会变革三、但有些领域独立性 leaders need to have a relatively independence to make decisions and to expound their conclusions, whether or not those conclusions are palatable to their employers like governments or other powerful interests.1Hayek四、经验重要的领域Business, 新手要去适应，没时间；了解市场，作出长期战略，要不然tunnel vision；IBM，GEOutline2注意不仅仅说政治领域，各个方面都要照顾到。1、 及时更新是有益的。对在位者来说，A有激励作用 B防止腐败When leaders have no fear of losing their power, they tend to abuse their power. 2、对于新生力量也是有益的。A让他们看到机会，从而促使他们更努力的工作。B通常来说，年轻力量更能创新A new leadership usually has greater initiative and would bring in new ideas.3、也存在问题。A过度频繁的换届会产生政绩工程。不顾后来在位者的利益，不考虑长远目标。B有的职位要求的是稳定性stability。如：美国大法官终身职位U.S. Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Lifelong jobs。美联储主席U.S. Federal Reserve Board Chairman。4、有的职位是靠经累积起来的，如：商业或学术权威(academic authority)。However, in private areas such as business it might not be so necessary to limit the term of leadership.对新人来说，不断换届也有问题，他们可能还不熟悉，摸索都需要一段时间。还没干多久又要下台了。Limiting the term of leadership is an effective way to prevent corruption and lack of initiatives. Is it necessary to have those in power step down after five years in office of various fields such as business politics or education? Is the change of leadership a better path to the success of a government, an enterprise or a school? Admittedly, new leadership composed mostly by young people is more likely to bring about new things by making a long-wanted change, compared with those who have been in power for too long and are so used to the cliche of their government strategy and management style.Often full of energy and with new visions, the new leadership could manage things from a different cutting edge and would be able to make renovations and lead a government or a company into a new stage of development. The precious creativity a team of new leadership has is often crucial to the reform of a government or renovation of a company and an organization. A good example of this is Barack Obama being able to win the US presidential election by promising a change to his country and the world.However, it is undeniable at the same time that a veteran leader is often more experienced than a young leader who succeeds him. Most of the senior leaders in a government or a company are outstanding veterans who have not only fought for the organization, but also witnessed the growth of its development, and even the mistakes they have made. If a new leadership doesnt learn lessons from the past, they probably will make the same mistakes, and at higher costs for the government of company. In that sense, the value of experience an old team of leadership has gained should not be ignored anyhow during the re-election of an organization.More importantly, any reform or innovation has to be based on the past which well represented the old leadership. Without such a base a government or a company may loose its identity and its dangerous for the trial of a change or an overhaul. Lets consider the situation Barack Obama is facing again. No matter how ambitious the change he claimed he wanted to make, Obama cant make any change if it is not America and he wont be able to make his promise of the change serve his country without the hard work the former presidents of America have achieved before him.As it has proved that the step down of those who have been in power for five years will give young leaders more chances to introduce reforms or make renovation to the development of a government or an organization. However, it is not necessarily the best way to the success of a government or an enterprise to simply have their senior leaders replaced for the following two reasons. First, if the leaders who have been in power for five years are not old enough and there is still potential for them to improve and absorb new ideas. Second, if the young leader is not that mature to lead a government or an enterprise, the senior leader doesnt seem to be in a hurry to leave. He could have more promising young talents join his top decision-making team to make sure there are enough fresh ideas and suggestions provided and help the young potential leader to grow.All in all, a new leadership embodies a possible reform or renovation of the strategy and management style of an old-fashioned government or company, which is good for the government or the enterprise to develop. But, the senior leaders experience can also make great contribution to the development of a government or a company so that the new may avoid unnecessary mistakes. Therefore, the change of a leadership and the combine of the advantages of both the senior and young leaders can be more beneficial to the development of a government or an organization.Position2:有保留的同意Outline11在government, politics领域最好是要定期更新领导者， 因为when leaders have no fear of losing their power, they tend to abuse their power. 比如 美国总统任期term四年，所以为了给自己积累政治资本，他们就在任期内不敢随意abuse power而是实行对国家有益的政策2在business领域，更换领导者可以带来新的管理理念，给企业注入新的活力。比如杰克韦尔奇Welch对通用的贡献，引入了新的企业文化与管理制度，使通用的利润从1.6billion美元增长到2000年的12.7illion3有些职位需要长时间的稳定性，而且需要领导人长时间在职才能得出正确的政策，过频繁的更换会使得一项政策不能继续贯彻已得到长远的效果。比如美联储Federal 主席Federal Reserve Governor，宏观经济政策macroeconomic policies周期比较长，需要很长时间才能有效果，频繁人事改变不利于稳定。4还有许多其他方法来取得成功，比如精简机构，合理的奖励惩罚制度，更好的权利制衡机制。对企业来说，引进先进的技术，降低成本。对员工进行培训，提高生产力等等。Outline2a fixed tenure time，可以有效防止corruption和lack of initiatives，但不是所有行业都要换1、防abuse power（Absolute power leads to absolute corruption. Sir.Acton）如政治A case in point is the incidence of Water Gate scandal. Nixon abused his power to spy the meeting of Democratic Party in order to maintain his position for a longer period of time which eventually led to his resignation from the presidency and destroyed the image of government in the mind of its citizens that aroused significant distrust in the government work. 2、引入新理念，如商业3、有些部门不需要，如教育chaos and instability of the execution , short-term goals私人企业-没必要Outline31 诚然，新的领导者总会给机构带来活力。因为新的领导进入该领域之后，会带来his unique理念和态度，从而打破很多原有的规则，为机构注入生机more active。员工也会因为新领导的到来而感受到新的压力，从而努力工作。很多机构因为更换了领导从而达到了发展，比如苹果公司在上世纪90年代遭遇了前所未有的巨大危机，面临困难，苹果公司更换了CEO，让苹果的创始人之一Steve Jobs重回苹果，他的到来为苹果带来了翻天覆地的变化，他先打破惯例与微软合好，并先后推出了iPOD, iBOOK等极具竞争力的产品，使苹果公司一下重新成为最好的公司之一。正式更换领导使得苹果重新获得了活力。如果一个机构长时间总是由一个人领导，由于他的思维总是有限的，时间长了机构会不断的重复，员工也没有什么创新的激情。也正是因为这样，各国都规定总统了最长任期，就是为了保证一个国家总是有一些新的动力。所以说，一段时间更换一个领导使非常必要的。2 另外，一段时间更换领导者，可以避免一些腐败事情的发生。如果一个官员在某地呆的时间过长，很可能与当地的官员以及商人形成了极为复杂的关系网，领导很可能难以对一些活动产生震慑作用，这对政治的廉洁是极为不利的。而一段时间更换领导就可以使地区的关系网被打破，对地区的发展是很有利的。3 然而，更换领导不能太频繁，比如5年似乎有点短。频繁的更换领导对机构的稳定性是不利的，也可能使员工疲于适应各种