考研英语9201翻译解析.docx

2001年考研翻译真题精解版In less than 30 years time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the brains nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments, allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.71) There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 72) Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived.According to BTs futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium (a period of 1,000 years), when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.73)Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world, to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine, including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040.Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links. By linking directly to our nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and, hopefully, simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments, rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck, he says. 74)But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.Through his research, Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However, there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available, or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will, for example, cause problems in 2010, while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the? 75)And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage.71There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.结构分析：本句的主干结构是there will be后面带的两个并列名词television chat show和cars，这两个名词在句中做主语。 其中第一主语television chat show后面又接了一个过去分词做后置定语。第二个名词主语cars后面接了介词with pollution monitors做后置定语，其后又接了that引导的定语从句，那么引导词that修饰前面哪个名词一般由三个条件来确定：1. 就近原则，也就是修饰最靠近that的前面的名词，2. 看其前面名词的核心成分；3. 依据意思和后面的谓语动词的语法搭配来定。句子最后部分是由when引导的时间状语从句。这个句子还难在人称代词they指代前面的哪个名词，在they前面出现两个复数名词monitors和cars，依据意思搭配那当然是cars(汽车)冒犯monitors(检测器)。核心词汇：television chat shows电视谈话节目；hosted by robots 由机器人主持的，cars with pollution monitors 装有污染监控器的汽车；disable them 使汽车失灵(停止运行)；them和they指代汽车；offend (多义词)指汽车污染超标，违规参考译文：届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车，一旦这些汽车排污超标(违规)，监控器就会使其停下来或停驶。测试点：并列名词；过去分词和介词短语做后置定语；状语从句；代词指代72Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell- television, and digital age will have arrived.结构分析：本句的主干结构是and连接的四个并列的简单句。第一个句子的宾语dolls后面接了一个过去分词equipped with personality chips做其后置定语。第二个句子的主语computers后面接了介词短语with in-built personalities做其后置定语；第三和第四个句子的结构简单。核心词汇：Be equipped with装备有，安装有；personality chips个性芯片；in-built personalities内置个性芯片 (personalities等于personality chips)；workmates rather than(而不是) tools是并列结构，表示选择。relaxation 休闲、放松、娱乐、消遣；smell-television 气味电视机；digital age 数字化时代参考译文：儿童将与装有个性芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有内置个性芯片的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具，人们将在气味电视机前休闲，届时数字化时代就来到了。测试点：过去分词做后置定语；rather than连接的并列名词结构；73Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.结构分析：本句是的主语是Pearson，谓语是has pieced together，宾语是the work，其后用了介词of hundreds of researchers做后置定语，hundreds of是个固定短语修饰researchers。后面around the world又做后置定语，修饰前面的名词researchers。不定式to produce a unique millennium technology calendar做目的状语，后面that引导的是个定语从句，修饰前面的先行词calendar，而when引导的又是一个定语从句，修饰其前面的名词dates，谓语动词expect后面接了两个并列名词breakthroughs和discoveries做并列宾语，不定式to take place做前面名词discoveries的后置定语。核心词汇：Pearson 皮尔森(人名音译)；pieced together 汇集，综合；hundreds of数百项；around the world =throughout the world=all over the word世界各地，全世界；produce 编制（因为动词的意思一般依据后面的名词意思来确定，由于produce的宾语是calendar(台历)，因此翻译成“编制，编写”）；a unique millennium technology calendar 一个独特的技术千年历；the latest dates 最近日期；key breakthroughs 重大突破，关键性突破。参考译文：皮尔森汇集了世界各地数百位研究人员的成果，来编制出一个独特的技术千年历，这个台历列出了我们有望看到数百项重大突破和发现的最近日期。74But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.结构分析：本句的主语是代词that，指代前面出现的名词breakthrough，谓语是动词is，中间的Pearson points out是个插入结构，翻译表达时常要提前。表语是only the start of man-machine integration，冒号后面的结构也是个系表结构，但表语the beginning后面接了一个很长的介词短语of the long process of integration做后置定语。That引导的是定语从句，修饰前面的名词短语的核心成分the beginning。核心词汇：point out 指出；start=beginning开始；man-machine integration人机一体化；在the long process of integration结构中，integration前省略了定语man-machine，翻译时要补出。ultimately(最终)；lead to(它的基本义是导致，促使的意思，但是由于它的宾语是a fully electronic human，因此应该理解为：研制出，记住在翻译表达时动词的意思常依据后面名词的汉语意思来定)。a fully electronic human 完全电子化的仿真人；before the end of the next century 在下世纪末之前。参考译文：皮尔森指出，但是这个突破只不过是人机一体化的开始：它将是人机一体化漫长过程的开始，这一开始最终会使人们在二十世纪末之前就能研制出完全电子化的仿真人。测试点：that代词指代；插入结构；名词短语；定语从句；词义表达75And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage.结构分析：本句的主干部分是so(如此)that(以至于)连接的结果状语从句，在that后面的从句里，controlling and operating them是个动名词短语，充当句子的主语。谓语是result in(导致)，宾语是the breakout，后面是介词of a new psychological disorder做后置定语，破折号后面是个名词短语，做前面名词的补充说明。核心词汇：home appliances 家用电器；smart (在科技英语里，要理解成：聪明，智能化)；operate操作；result in the breakout of 引发，导致出现；psychological disorder 心理混乱(失调)；kitchen rage 厨房狂燥症，厨房愤怒。参考译文：家用电器将也会变得如此智能化，以至于控制和操作这些电器将会引发一种新的心理疾病-厨房狂燥症。测试点：结果状语从句；专业定词义；词义表达。 2000年翻译真题精解版71Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.结构分析：本句的谓语动词是requires，动词后面接了两个并列的宾语，因此句子可以拆分为三段：Under modern conditions（固定介词短语）, this requires varying measures of centralized control /and hence the help of specialized scientists /（scientists 后面是后置定语）such as economists and operational research experts.核心词汇：Under modern conditions 在现代条件下；varying measures (程度)不同的措施；centralized control 中央控制，中央调控；hence 因此，从而；specialized scientists 专门科学家，专家；operational research experts 运行研究专家，运筹学家，这里有些现在分词和过去分词构成的形容词，需要注意识别。参考译文：在现代条件下，这需要不同程度的中央控制，从而也需要获得诸如经济学家和运筹学家等领域专家的协助。测试点：介词短语单独翻译；名词短语；并列宾语；后置定语72Furthermore it is obvious that the strength of a countrys economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.结构分析：本句的主干是it is obvious that，其中it做形式主语，that引导的后面两个从句做真正的主语，因此这个句子可以拆分为三段：Furthermore it is obvious / that the strength of a countrys economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, / and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. 在第一个that引导的从句里，主语是the strength of a countrys economy，谓语是is directly bound up with，第二个that引导的主语从句里this做主语，rests upon做谓语，后面是个常考得名词短语形式。核心词汇：Furthermore 再者，另外；it is obvious that (固定译法)显而易见的是；the strength of a countrys economy 一个国家的经济实力；is directly bound up with 与直接(密切)相关；the efficiency of its agriculture and industry 工农业生产效率；in turn 反过来，依次/轮流；rests upon 有赖于，取决于；scientists and technologists of all kinds 各种科技人员，所有领域的科学家和技术人员。参考译文：再者/更进一步来说，显而易见的是，一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而反过来效率的提高又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。测试点：主语从句；从句并列；动词短语；名词短语；73Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.结构分析：本句是个并列句，由while引导两个句子并列，表示对比关系，翻译成“而”。Owing to(因为，由于)是个表示原因的短语，主语people后面接了两个并列谓语are feeling 和are being exposed to。While后面接的句子结构较简单，其中for the reasons given above是个表原因的介词短语，given above是过去分词做后置定语，修饰前面的名词reasons。核心词汇：owing to 因为，由于；mass-communications 大众通讯；people everywhere 所有的人，各地的人；new wants 新的需求(要求，需要) ；being exposed to 接触到，感受到；customs and ideas 习俗和思想；introduce 推出，采取，施行；innovations 革新，革新措施；for the reasons given above 由于上述原因参考译文：由于大众通讯的显著发展，所有的人都不断感到有新的需求，并不断接触到新的习俗和思想，由于上述原因，各国政府不得不经常采取更进一步的革新措施。测试点：介词短语；句子并列；被动语态；74. In the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization-with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed-was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.结构分析：本句是个由whereas（意思是“而”）连接的并列句，in the early industrialized countries是个表示地点的介词短语，其后面应该接一个逗号，但英语中经常在状语后不用逗号，因此和后面的主语名词混在一起很难识别，第一个句子的主语是the process of industrialization，谓语是was，主谓中间用了一个破折号连接的插入语，这个插入于是个介词短语，其中介词in social patterns做后置定语，修饰前面的名词changes，而that followed两个词又做后置定语，修饰前面的名词social patterns。第二个句子的结构较简单，主语是a developing country，谓语是may undergo，宾语the same process指代前面提到的the process of industrialization，介词短语in a decade or so做时间状语。核心词汇：industrialized countries 工业化国家；the process of industrialization 工业化进程，工业化过程；with .that followed 随而来的，以及；far-reaching changes 深刻的变革，影响深远的变化；social patterns 社会结构；spread over 持续，延续；nearly a century 大约(将近、几乎)一个世纪；a developing nation 一个发展中国家；undergo 经历；in a decade or so 在10年左右的时间，or so表示“左右”的意思。参考译文：在早期实现工业化的欧洲国家里，其工业化进程以及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变革持续了大约一个世纪，而如今一个发展中国家在10年左右的时间内就可以完成同样的工业化进程。测试点：介词短语单独翻译；插入结构；并列结构；固定短语75Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.结构分析：本句的主语是additional social stress，谓语是may also occur，后面是用介词短语because of连接的名词短语，一个是the population explosion和problems，但problems后面又接了一个现在分词arising from mass migration movements做后置定语，破折号后面的themselves是个代词，因其是复数，所以指代前面的复数名词movements，其后有接了一个过去分词做它的后置定语。核心词汇：Additional social stresses 新的(额外的)社会压力；occur 出现，产生；population explosion 人口猛增，人口爆炸；arising from 由引起，产生于，来自于；mass migration movements 大量人口流动；migration 流动，迁移；modern means of transport 现代交通工具；means 工具，手段，途径，还可以表示“收入”，比如：live beyond ones means(过着入不敷出的生活)。参考译文：由于人口猛增或大量人口流动-现代交通工具使这样的大量人口流动变得相对容易-所引起的各种问题也同样造成新的社会压力。测试点：原因状语；现在分词和过去分词做后置定语1999年翻译真题精解版(2009-09-18 23:26:55) 转载标签： 翻译黄涛考研教育分类： 翻译篇 71While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.结构分析：本句while引导的是个让步状语从句，翻译成“虽然，尽管”，状语从句里用了asas(与一样)这个词组，主句的主语是most practice，谓语是动词短语conform to(符合)，宾语是代词one，指代前面的名词definition，that引导的是个定语从句，修饰前面的one。定语从句里用了动词短语seeas(把看作是)，因此后面的attempt应该是个名词，后面又接了两个不定式做其后置定语。核心词汇：While(虽然，尽管；当时候；而)；asas(与一样)；conform to(服从，遵守)；modern practice(现代实践)；seeas(把看作是)；recreate(再现，重现)参考译文：几乎每个历史学家对历史都有自己的界定，但现代历史学家的实践最趋向于认同这样一个定义，即把历史学看作是试图对过去重大事件的重现和解释。测试点：while让步状语从句；one指代关系；定语从句；动词短语72Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.结构分析：本句主语是Interest in historical methods，谓语是has arisen，后面接了两个并列的介词through和from，考虑到并列结构词义对等，所以这两个介词的翻译可以考虑翻译成一个意思。第一个介词through后面是个很长的名词短语，核心名词是challenge，其后又接了几个介词分别做后置定语，to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline，第二个介词from后面也接了一个名词短语internal quarrels among historians themselves.核心词汇：Interest in historical methods 对历史方法的关注(兴趣) ；arisen 来自于，产生于；challenge质疑，挑战；validity 真实性，正确性；as an intellectual discipline作为一门知识学问(一个知识学科) ；internal quarrels 内部意见不统一，内部分歧。参考译文1：人们对历史研究方法产生兴趣，这与其说是因为外界对历史作为一门知识学科的有效性提出了挑战，还不与说历史学家内部发生了争吵。参考译文2：人们之所以对历史研究的方法产生兴趣，主要是因为史学界内部意见不一，其次是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学问。测试点：介词并列结构；名词的后置定语73During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.结构分析：本句主干结构是个被动语态的简单句：methods were augmented by 。最前面的介词短语during this transfer是个独立成份，介词by后面的宾语是additional methodologies，其后又接了一个过去分词做后置定语，介词短语in the historical study修饰前面的名词new forms of evidence。核心词汇：transfer 转变；augmented 充实，补充；additional methodologies 新方法； designed to用来；interpret 阐释，解释，说明；the new forms of evidence 新的证据形式，根据上下文意思引申为在历史学研究中的新史料；in the historical study 在历史研究中。参考译文：在这种转变中，那些在历史研究中用来解释新史料的新方法充实了传统的历史研究方法。测试点：被动翻译成主动；名词后接过去分词做后置定语74There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.结构分析：本句可以拆分为三段：There is no agreement / whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general / or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. 由此看出该句的主干结构是存在句There is no agreement，因为主语部分太长，整个结构应该采用顺序倒译方法。whether methodology refers to .or to .是主语agreement的同位语。在这个同位语里用了两个并列动词谓语refers to和or (refers) to，宾语是the concepts，其后面的形容词短语peculiar to historical work in general是它的定语；第二个宾语是the research techniques，其后面的形容词短语appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry也是作它的定语。核心词汇：agreement 统一的意见，一致看法；whether.refers to. or to. 是指还是指；the concepts/peculiar to/historical work/in general (按后置定语的顺序倒译)一般的历史研究中的特有概念；the research techniques 研究手段；appropriate to 适用于，合适于；the various branches 各个领域；historical inquiry 历史探究参考译文：方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各个具体领域所使用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。测试点：主语从句；动词并列结构和词组省略；名词后接形容词做后置定语75It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.结构分析：本句结构拆分为三段：It applies equally to traditional historians / who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, / and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques. 由此可以看出其主干结构是：It applies equally to., and to .直译为：这既适应于又适应于，引申为这既存在于又存在于。第一个介词to的宾语是traditional historians，其后又接了一个定语从句who view history as.，第二个并列介词to之前省略了与之相同的动词短语的applies equally，其后的宾语是social science historians，后面又接了定语从句who equate their activity with specific techniques。在两个并列的定语从句里的动词短语viewas和equatewith应该依据平行结构有时词义相等的方法，而把这两个动词翻译成相同的意思。核心词汇：It是个人称代词，指代前面提到的这种谬论；traditional historians 传统历史学家，历史传统派；view history as 把历史看作是；sources 源泉，引申为史料来源；social science historians 社会科学历史学家，历史社科派；activity 活动，引申为历史学研究活动，历史研究；equate. with 把等同于，认为是；specific techniques 具体方法参考译文：这种谬论同样存在于历史传统派和历史社科派；前者认为历史就是史学界内部和外部人士对各种史料来源的评论，后者认为历史的研究是具体方法的研究。测试点：it指代；动词applies to的并列和省略；定语从句；词组并列词义相等或相反1998年翻译真题精解版71But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.结构分析：本句的主干是：主句It wasthat + for引导的原因状语从句。主句是强调句it wasthat被强调的部分the farthest是后面句子的状语，可以理解为scientists had been able to look the farthest into the past。For引导的原因状语从句是一个系表结构，what they were seeing是从句的中的主语，后面that引导的是定语从句，修饰前面的名词the patterns and structures。核心词汇：even more important 更为重要的是；the patterns and structures (宇宙云的)形状和结构；15 billion years ago 150亿年前参考译文：但更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观测到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。测试点：强调结构；主语从句；定语从句；词义表达72The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.结构分析：本句的主干结构是一个简单被动句：主语是The existence，谓语部分是was virtually required to。first put forward in the 1920s是过去分词短语作插入语，修饰前面的名词the Big Bang。逗号后面的不定式短语是动词required要求的，做具体补充说明。即动词谓语核心部分是be required to do sth。核心词汇：virtually(实际上，几乎) ；put forward(提出) ；in the 1920s(在二十年代)；maintain its reign as (保持作为的地位)；dominant(占主导地位的)；参考译文：巨大宇宙云的存在，实际上使二十年代首创的大爆炸论得以保持其宇宙起源论的主导地位。测试点：被动语态；插入结构；73Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon.结构分析：本句主语是astrophysicists，谓语是两个并列动词are closing in on和may report。分词短语working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments做主语的后置定语。核心词汇：working with 使用，以为工作手段；ground-based detectors 陆基探测器；the South Pole 南极；balloon-borne instruments 球载仪器；are closing in on 正越来越近；structures 云系；findings 观测结果参考译文：天体物理学家使用南极陆基探测器及球载仪器，正越来越近地观测这些云系，也许不久会报告他们的观测结果。测试点：现在分词做后置定语；动词短语74If the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory.结构分析：本句是个主从复合句，if引导的是条件句，其中look是谓语动词，逗号后面that开始的内容是主句部分，最后面的a refinement of the Big Bang是前面名词another scientific idea的同位语，过去分词called the inflationary universe theory做后置定语，修饰前面的名词the Big Bang。.核心词汇：hot spots(热点)；look as expected是look as they are expected的省略，意思是“看上去和预想的一样”。A refinement of the Big Bang是个特殊的名词结构，A或the+抽象名词+of就相当于这个名词的形容词形式，因此a refinement of相当于形容词re