英语完形填空试题解析.doc

高中英语专项练习完形填空 第一讲:英语完形填空试题解析 by Yanyu Zhang【完型的类型】一、从所选文章的角度体裁上，以叙为主，叙议结合。高考完形填空题的选材多为具有一定故事情节的记叙文或是叙议结合、以叙为主、富有哲理的论说文，这是和高考考生的语言水平紧密结合的。因此，短文一般按照时间线索行文，内部逻辑清晰层次分明。题材上，选用真实世界中的语言材料，考查考生使用语言进行信息获取和社会交际的能力，对心理问题、校园生活、奇闻轶事等热点话题继续关注，并兼顾高考的公平性原则，不涉及特定地域或人群色彩较浓的不具有一般性的话题。二、从所挖空格的角度首先，该题型所选短文一般无标题，但首句通常不设空，目的是让考生熟悉语言环境，迅速进入主题，对文章有宏观和整体性的把握，建立正确的思维导向。其次，挖去的词汇以实词为主，虚词为辅。语言分为形式和内容两方面，而完形填空题多重视考查语言的内容，这是与承载具体信息的实词紧密相关的。在高考对具体语法规则不断淡化的趋势下，常与语言形式即具体语法条目相关的虚词数量不断下降，目前仅在3个空格左右。最后，具体挖空的时候遵循“重复原则”，即挖去的词通常都在保留的上下文中给出解题的线索。并且，某特定空格的解题线索多不在本空格所在的句子，或上一句或下一句，或上几句或下几句，所以我们在考场上应逾越空格所在的单句，结合更宏观的上下文来解题。三、从所拟选项的角度同一空格所对应的四个选项一般是同一词性，或在句子中充当同样的语法成分，这个拟选项时所应遵循的最基本的原则。在完形填空题中，具体的语法规则不再是考查重点，更强调的是辨别词语之间的细微差异，考查考生对上下文的理解，要求考生通过具体的语言环境来做出选择。所以，所拟出的四个选项往往在语法方面都能成立，错误选项多半可以和空前、空后的文字形成某种考生非常熟悉的固定搭配，具有很强的干扰和迷惑作用。针对这种情况，考生们在解题过程中就更要紧抓文章主线，站在语篇的高度综合处理各选项的取舍【应对技巧】1.首先要以很快的速度浏览全文掌握文章的主旨不要急于看选项浏览全文时要重点了解文中所叙述的人物时间地点事件即who when where what 完形填空 命题的原则一般是第一句话不挖空目的是使读者进入语境因此一定要认真阅读这句话。细读首尾旬，推测意图 ，完形填空，一般没有标题，但首句一般不设空，若是记叙文，是向考生提供人物、时间、地点、方式、过程、因果等多方面的信息，是了解全文的“窗口”，是考生进行推断的基础和起点；若是议论文，它有可能是文章的论点或引论，此类体裁的文章就应依照议论文的文体结构和写作特点，充分利用论据来论证论点。文章尾句是文章的总结、结论，或对语篇起画龙点睛的作用，切不可忽视它的反馈和总结作用，文章中某些含糊不清的概念或细节都可以借助尾句来判断是非、确认事实。 例如Why is a space left between the rails of a railway line where one piece joins the next 这句话从铁轨之间的缝隙引出了问题根据常识文中内容应与热涨冷缩的物理现象有关2. 通读全文，掌握主题思想和文章结构 通过浏览全文，可以迅速理解文章大意。如果提笔就填，势必由于“见木不见林”而事倍功半。须知文章的上下文之间是紧密联系的。某一局部成立的答案如果放到全文中去考虑，也许就不能成立，只有抓住全篇文章的主旨，才能选出既合乎语言规范，又合乎文章内容的答案。 3. 试填之后将所选定的词放到文章中,字面译通代入全文。看清上下文找准定位词 充分利用文章的上下文和前后句找到对选择有提示作用的词或句这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。例如 ：例1 Some parts of the water are very shallow But in some places it is veryvery A deep B high C cold D dangerous 根据转折连词but的提示所填入的词应与shallow相反因此答案为A。 例2 .Mrs ONeill askedquestionsand she didnt scold us either A no B certain C many D more and是一个并列连词either为副词用在否定句或否定词后加强语势由此可以确定所填的词也应是一个否定意义的词因此答案是A。4. 通顺逻辑寻求搭配 注意固定的搭配包括动词与介词的搭配动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等同时要根据内容选择正确的短语例如 Heres a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himselfso much money A for B by C to D of 表示自取随便拿这个意义的短语是help oneself to故答案为C 。5. 先易后难，边读边填 完形填空是一篇信息破坏较多的短文。一般学生在通读时，速度较快，只救领会其大意。重读时，学生应本着先易后难原则，边读边填，即把最熟悉，最有把握的空填上，例如，学生在了解文章结构的基础上，再加上有关句型、词组、词语的提示，这主要是指那些固定词组，习惯表达或明显的语法结构等，能够直接确定某些空的答案。同时，这样做也会使空格间的距离相对延长，文章前者之间的连贯也加强了。 6.瞻前顾后，前后参照 完形填空短文中前后句子之间存在着内在的逻辑联系、或因果、或并列、或转折、或让步，或条件等等，一般说来，所选的答案只有和前后文在意义和结构上适合才是正确的。如果说瞻前顾后，前后参照是从微观角度选词填空，那么上下连贯，前后沟通则是针对那些难度较大，一时还难以确定的空格而言。它旨在通过联系上下文把握文章的基本内容，寻找答题线索。7.复读全文，验证答案 全部答案选定后，应再次对全文进行复读，并全方位、多角度地检查所选答案，看能否使全文连贯畅通，内容清晰，主题突出。在复核过程中，凡遇不通之处必是有待推敲的疑点。对平时易犯的错误尤其要给予足够的重视。对于个别拿不准的答案，应当根据自己的语感，尊重第一次选择的答案，若无充分依据，切勿轻易改动。 总而言之，完形填空是一项含有多种技巧的思维过程，涉及到大量的语言知识，包括词、词性、句子，语法结构等等，另外还包括一定的历史和社会文化背景等非语言知识。若要想在完形填空中拿到满意的分数，学生就得在阅读中一边阅读，一边进行猜测、推断、归纳、验证。学生除了必须熟练掌握词汇，还必须具备一定的阅读理解的准确性和阅读速度的能力。另外，学生必须经过大量的阅读和长期的阅读训练，才能取得优异的成绩来源【课堂小试】（一）2013安徽高考完型填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。If you want to learn a new language, the very first thing to think about is why. Do you need it for a _36_ reason, such as your job or your studies?_37_ perhaps youre interested in the _38_ ,films or music of a different country and you know how much it will help to have a _39_ of the language.Most people learn best using a variety of _40_, but traditional classes are an ideal(理想的)start for many people. They _41_ an environment where you can practice under the _42_ of someone whos good at the language. We all lead _43_ lives and learning a language takes _44_. You will have more success if you study regularly, so try to develop a _45_. It doesnt matter if you havent got long. Becoming fluent in a language will take years, but learning to get by takes _46_.Many people start learning a language and soon give up. “Im too _47_,” they say. Yes, children do learn languages more _48_ than adults, but research has shown that you can learn a language at any _49_. And learning is good for the health of your brain, too. Ive also heard people _50_ about the mistakes they make when _51_. Well, relax and laugh about your mistakes _52_ youre much less likely to make them again.Learning a new language is never _53_. But with some work and devotion, youll make progress. And youll be _54_ by the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words in _55_ own language. Good luck!36.A. technical B. political C. practical D. physical37. A. After B. So C. Though D. Or38.A literature B. transport C.agriculture D. medicine39.A view B. knowledge C. form D. database40.A paintings B. regulations C. methods D. computers41.A. protect B. change C. respect D. provide42.A. control B. command C. guidance D. pressure43.A. busy B. happy C. simple D. normal44.A. courage B. time C. energy D. place45.A. theory B. business C. routine D. project46.A. some risks B. a lot less C. some notes D. a lot more47.A. old B. nervous C. weak D. tired48.A. closely B. quickly C. privately D. quietly49.A. age B. speed C. distance D. school50.A. worry B. hesitate C. think D. quarrel51.A. singing B. working C. bargaining D. learning52.A. if B. and C. but D. before53.A. tiresome B. hard C. interesting D. easy54.A. blamed B. amazed C. interrupted D. informed55.A. their B. his C. our D, your（二）2014安徽高考完型填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。In 2012, I had just recovered form a serious illness when I received an invitation to a writers conference in Orlando, Florida. My family persuaded me that a(n)36might be just what the doctor ordered, so off I37.Arriving in the Sunshine State was rather tiring, but I38to catch a taxi to my 39and settle in. Next morning, I took another40to the shopping centre to buy a few souvenirs. 41I went to a cafe to have lunch, but all the tables were42. Then I heard a friendly voice saying, You can43my table.I gratefully sat down with the44lady and we had a happy lunch together. As the45drew to a close she asked how long I would be in Orlando. I had already told her that I hadnt46a car, and hadnt realised how 47taking taxis would he, After a while she said, My dear, dont use any more taxis. Im retired and it would be my pleasure to48you wherever you wish. I told her that I couldnt put her to that49,but she brushed aside my protests (反对)。She asked me where I was50and next morning she was waiting at my apartment at the 51time to take me to Disney World. She spent some time with me before leaving me to52alone. At the end of the day, she53to take me back to my accommodation. I54her money but she refused to take any.Ill never forget that wonderful lady who, through her55, filled my brief holiday in Florida with wonderful memories.36A. holiday B. ceremony C. operation D. experiment37A. kept B. went C. dropped D. knocked38A. intended B. promised C. managed D. deserved39A. hospital B. company C. university D. accommodation40A. colleague B. passenger C. suitcase D. taxi41A. Instead B. First C. Later D. Once42A. classified B. occupied C. decorated D. painted43A. share B. reserve C. set D. possess44A. old B. poor C. innocent D. stubborn45A. journey B. meal C. speech D. interview46A. donated B.repaired C. hired D. guided47A.convenient B. worthwhile C. unfortunate D. expensive48A.inspire B. entertain C. call D. drive49A.business B. argument C. trouble D. challenge50A.working B. staying C. moving D. shopping51A.appointed B.limited C. favourite D. regular52A. digest B. explore C.perform D. calculate53A.forgot B. refused C. returned D.preferred54A.sent B.lent C. offered D. owed55A.confidence B. dignity C.curiosity D. kindness答案：（一）36.C.根据后面的yourjoboryourstudies可知，是实际需要的原因。37.D.根据37空前后句关系可知，是选择关系，因此选择“or”38.A.据后面的filmsormusicofadifferentcountry可知38空应与它们是并列关系，所以选项为literature.39.B.aknowledgeof“许多的知识，知道，了解”40.C.“大多数学语言的人用种各样的方法”，再根据后一句buttraditionalclassesareanidealstartformanypeople可知答案为C。41.D.根据句意此处需要的词意为“提供”。42.C.undertheguidanceof“在指导下”43.A.livealife,为“过着的生活”，后一部分为：学语言需要花费时间，所以说的是没多少时间，所以过着繁忙的生活。44.B.答案解析见43。45.C.据so前一部分ifyoustudyregularly可知，此处为形成一种“惯例”“经常/习惯做的事”。46.B.空前的转折连词but说明与前一分句构成转折关系。“说语言流利要花许多年，但学着说的过去需要时间就少得多”。47.A.据后面的“Yes,childrendolearnlanguagesmore_48_thanadults,”可知“许多人开始学语言，不久后就放弃，是因为他们说：他们年龄太大了。48.B.孩子学语言与成年人相比，他们学得更快。49.A.虽然孩子学得比成年人快，但研究表明：一个人可能随时，在任何年龄段学习语言。50.A.worryabout“为担心”51.D.全文的中心为learnanewlanguage 52.B.该句用到了句型“祈使句+and/or/orelse/otherwise+简单句”，再根据句意，前后分句为并列关系，所以选择and。53.D.根据全文可知，“学好一门新的语言决不是一件容易的事”。54.B.“当你用他们自己的语言与他们说几句的时候，你会对这些人积极的反应感到惊讶的”。55.A.解析见54（二）36. A大病初愈，医生有可能建议去旅行37.BSo off I went所以我离开了。大胆选吧，就这么简单。38.Cmanage to do成功39.D由后文settle in可知40.D前一天打车过来，今天又打了一辆车，从another可知答案41.Clater稍后42.Boccupy占据/领这里可换成take43.AB为保留的意思C set a table摆放好桌子44.A除了选old还能选什么45.B一起进餐，餐后谈话，所以填meal46.C作者新到一个城市，还没租车子47.D从后文陌生人让作者放弃打车可知，作者谈的应该是打车的开支问题48.D她愿意驱车带我到任何我想去的地方49.C我不愿意麻烦她put her to that trouble50.B从后文第二天她准时出现在我的住宿处可知51.A appointmentn预约appointv委任，安排appointed安排好的，预约好的52.B explore探索53.C一天结束，她回来接我54.C我主动给她钱作为酬谢，她拒绝了55.D她做的是善事【课后练习】1We know the kiss as a form of expressing affection（情感，喜爱）. But long 1 it became it, it was customary in many countries to u高考资源网se it as a(n) 2 of respect. Some native Africans 3 the ground over which a chief（首领）has walkeD. Kissing the hand and foot has been a mark of respect from the 4 times.The early Romans kissed the mouth or eyes 5 a form of dignified(高贵的) greeting. One Roman emperor allowed his important nobles to kiss his lips, but the 6 important ones had to kiss his hands, and the 7 important ones were 8 allowed to kiss his feet! w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mMost likely the kiss as a form of affection can be traced back to primitive（上古的，原始的） times when a mother 9 fondle(爱抚) her child, just as a mother 10 today. It only remained for society to 11 this as a custom for expressing affection between arms.We have evidence(根据) that this was already the 12 by the time of the sixth century, but we can only suppose it was 13 long before that. The first 14 where the kiss became accepted in courtship(求婚) was in France. From France the kiss spread rapidly all over Europe. Russia, which loved to 15 the customs of France, soon adopted it. A kiss from the Tsar(沙皇) became 16 of the highest forms of recognition from the Crown. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mIn time, the kiss became a part of courtship. 17 marriage customs developed, the kiss became a part of the 18 ceremony (典礼，仪式）. Today we regard it as an expression of love and tenderness. 19 there are still many places in the world where the kiss is 20 of formal ceremonies and is intended to show respect.1. A. after B. before C. until D. since2. A. custom B. tradition C. expression D. affection3. A. watch B. touch C. kiss D. greet4. A. earliest B. latest C. longest D. eldest5. A. of B. as C. for D. in6. A. not B. little C. less D. least7. A. last B. less C. most D. least8. A. too B. also C. only D. ever9. A. would B. could C. should D. will10. A. would B. has C. doing D. does11. A. express B. allow C. kiss D. accept12. A. case B. event C. history D. evidence13. A. expressed B. practised C. kissed D. discovered14. A. city B. tribe（部落）C. society D. country15. A. allow B. copy C. spread D. use16. A. one B. it C. this D. that17. A. Since B. Once C. While D. As18. A. meeting B. greeting C. marrying D. wedding19. A. And B. Thus C. But D. When20. A. bit B. part C. some D. any2One of the most remarkable things about the human mind is our ability to imagine the future. In our 1 we can see what has not yet happeneD. For example, while we are looking forward to 2 a new place or country, we 3 what it will be like. We predict( 预料) the 4 people will eat, dress and act. Of course, we do not always predict things 5 . Things are often very different from the way we 6 them to be.One of the 7 dreams in history is the dream of the German scientist, Kekule, who had been 8 to work out a very difficult problem in physics. He had 9 and analyzed(分析) the problem from every angle(角度) for days, but there 10 to be no way of 11 out the answer. Then one night he went to bed and dreameD. When he 12 up, he realized that he knew the answer. He had solved the problem in his 13 .The hypnotist(催眠者)sat in the chair opposite him and spoke 14 _: I want you to concentrate on my voice. Think about 15 . You know nothing but my voice. And as you pay attention to my voice, your 16 will get heavier. Soon youll be asleep.You will hear my voice and 17 my words, but your body will be asleep, your eyes are too heavy. You are 18 asleep, and when you wake up you will 19 nothing. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.mYou will forget everything. Now I am going to 20 slowly from one to five. One, two, three, four, five.1. A. brains B. senses C. minds D. sights2. A. visiting B. seeking C. reaching D. discovering3. A. imagine B. know C. feel D. guess4. A. custom B. habit C. style D. way5. A. quickly B. simply C. correctly D. neatly6. A. required B. wished C. left D. expected7. A. funny B. dull C. famous D. silly8. A. managing B. trying C. thinking D. hoping9. A. studied B. learned C. discussed D. researched10. A. used B. ought C. seemed D. had11. A. making B. finding C. turning D. letting12. A. gave B. sat C. woke D. got13. A. dream B. lesson C. research D. exercise14. A. softly B. loudly C. slowly D. firmly15. A. everything B. something C. nothing D. anything16. A. eyes B. feet C. head D. body17. A. believe B. repeat C. take D. understand18. A. really B. extremely C. actually D. almost19. A. accept B. remember C. hear D. receive20. A. count B. say C. add D. speak3I used to be ashamed of my grandma. I know thats a 36 thing to say, but it was true until today, so I have to 37 it.The 38 started when my friend Katy found Grandmas false teeth floating in a glass on the bathroom sink. I was so used to seeing them that I 39 took notice of them. But Katy shouted, laughing and 40 to talk to them. I had to get down on my knees and 41 her to shut up so my grandma wouldnt 42 and get hurt.After that happened, I 43 there were a million things about Grandma that were embarrassing（令人窘迫）.Once she took Jill and me out to Burger King. 44 ordering our hamburgers well-done, she told the person behind the counter, Theyll have two Whoppers (巨无霸) well-to-do. Jill burst out laughing, but I almost 45.After a while, I started wishing I could 46 Grandma in a closet. I even complained to my parents. Both my parents said I had to be careful not to make Grandma feel 47 in our home.Then last Wednesday, something happened that 48 everything completely. My teacher told us to help find interesting old people and 49 them about their 50 for a big Oral History project. I was trying to think of someone when Angie pushed me gently.Volunteer your grandmother, she whispered. Shes 51 and rich in experience.That was the last thing I ever thought Angie would say about my grandma.This is how I ended up on 52 today interviewing my own grandmother before the whole school assembly (集合). All my friends and teachers were listening to her 53 she was a great heroine. I was 54 of my grandma and hoped she would 55 know that I had been ashamed of her.36. A. funny B. commonC. terrible D. clear37. A. admit B. receive C. refuse D. show38. A. quarrel B. accident C. trouble D. adventure39. A. already B. alwaysC. simply D. hardly40. A. enjoying B. pretending C. imagining D. continuing41. A. warnB. demandC. advise D.