非谓语动词简单介绍.doc

非谓语动词概念：在句中不充当谓语角色的动词形式，它的划分有两种标准（一）：不定式；分词（过去分词与现在分词）；动名词（二）：不定式；v-ing.形式；过去分词.一、考点聚焦1、非谓语动词的句法功能名称形式语 法 功 能 主语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语不定式to do/to be doneto be doing(经常)to have(been) done动名词doing现在分词doinghaving(been) done(动作完成)过去分词done可代替having been done2、动词不定式复习中应注意的几个问题（2）带不定式作宾语的词语，构成v.+ to do 形式。下列词语常不定式作宾语：afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire等。下列动词后可接疑问词+不定式，构成decide what to do .,wonder how to deal with sth.等形式：teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、find、out、advise、discuss等。（3）如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。 动词see、watch、notice、hear、listen to、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have等的宾补用动词原形，变被动时要加to,此时的不定式就是主语补足语。常用带to不定式作宾补的情况：主语 + ask / require / tell / order / force / get / want / like/advise/allow/cause/consider/ encourage/forbid/force/intend/order/permit/persuade/remind/request/require/urge/warn/ask/wish+sb. to do. sth. 主语 + think / judge / suppose / believe / consider /imagine/consider + sb. + to be/to be doing/ to have done注意：不定式的一般式、进行式以及完成式做宾语补足语的区别，同时要 注意不定式被动语态的使用。主语 + call on / upon / depend on / wait for / ask for + sb.+ to do sth.（5）不定式作状语的用法。不定式作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示目的、结果、原因。only to do表示出人意料的结果。To sleep well, I turned off the alarm clock.We hurried to the classroom only to find none there.in order(not)to,s o as(not)to用来引导目的状语,enough to, so as to do, such + 名词 as to do作结果状语，如:The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus.Im not such a fool as to believe that.（6）不定式的完成时的特殊用法。表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。The novel was said to have been published.I regret to have been with you for so many years.seem、appear、be said、be supposed、be believed、be thought、be known、be reported等动词常用于上面句型。不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气。（A）should like to / would like to / would love to + 不定式的完成时。（B）was / were to + 不定式的完成时，表示该做某事或想做但未实现。（C）expect / hope / mean / promise / suppose / think / want/ wish + 不定式完成时，表示过去未曾实现的愿望。注意：表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气还可以用：（7）不定式的省略。 同一结构并列由and或or连接。I want to finish my homework and (to )go home.Im really puzzled what to think or (to)say.特例：To be or not to be,this is a question.He is better to laugh than to cry.(表示对比)不定式作表语，其前面的主语从句中含有do时，后面的to省略。What he did was(to) lose the game.句中含有动词do时，but、except、besides、such as等后面to可省略。即“前有do,后省to”。Dont do anything silly, such as marry him.比较：have nothing to do but do /have nothing but to dohave no choice but to do /cant (help) but do 主句含有不定式，后面有rather than, rather than后省to。Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefersa bicycle.A. ride; rideB. riding; rideC. ride; to ride D. to ride; ridingWhy not、had better、would rather、cant but等词后省to。如：He could not but walk home.（8）不定式的替代。多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语或主补，宾补的不定式再次出现时，to后的内容常承前省略（只保留to即可）。但如果承前省略的不定式有助动用的have或be任何形式，后应该保留原形be或have。如：The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him. A. not toB. not to do C. not do itD. do not toSusan is not what she used to be.You came late last night. You ought to have finished your homework.I know I ought to have.常见的有：Id like / love / be happy to.3、动名词复习中应注意的几个问题（1）动名词作宾语。下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, cant help, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, escape, permit。下列动词短语接动名词：leave off, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, have trouble / difficulty(in) doing sth. devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be fond of, be worth。介词后要接动名词。what about、how about、without、be fond of、be good at等介词后接动名词。注意on / upon doing sth. = as soon as 引导的从中。作此意讲时on / upon后也可以接名词。如on his arrival。动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别：begin, start, continue, like, love, dislike, hate, prefer, cant stand例 句解 析1. It began to rain. It began raining.2. It was beginning to snow.3. I love lying (to lie)on my back.4. I like listening to music, but today I dont like to.5. I don t prefer to swim in the river now.1. 意思无差别，但谓语动词用进行时，后面只跟不定式。2. 表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语，如果表示某一特定的或具体的行动，多接不定式。remember, forget, regret, try例 句解 析1. I remember to meet her at the station.I remember seeing her once somewhere.2. I forgot giving it to you yesterday. I forgot to tell you about it. Now here it is.3. I regret not having working hard. I regret to hear of your sisters death. 4. Try knocking at the back door. We must try to get everything ready.5. That will mean flooding some land. I had meant to go on Monday.1. remember to do sth.记住要做的事 remember doing sth.回顾过去发生的事2. forget to do sth.忘记要做的事 forget doing sth.忘记做过的事3. regret to do sth.对将要做的事抱歉 regret doing sth.对发生过的事后悔4. try to do sth.设法，试图 try doing sth.试试看，试一试5. mean to do sth.打算做，想要 mean doing sth.意味着，就是 want, require, need, demand, request例 句解 析These desks need repairing.These desks need to be repaired.The patient required examinedThe patient required to be examined.1. need doing 需要被做 need to be done需要被做2. want doing want to be done3. require doing require to be done（6）分词作宾补与不定式作宾补的区别： 感官动词 动词原形做了某事S+ + 宾语 + 现在分词正在做某事 使役动词 过去分词做了或被做比较:s