未曾实现的愿望表达.doc

英语中对未曾实现的愿望及打算的表达 I would love _to the party last night，but I had to work extra hours to finish a reportA. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having goneAlice，why didnt you come yesterday？l_，but I had an unexpected visitor A. had B. would C. was going to D. did在中根据would love之后接不定式，可排除C和D两选项，但A和B两选项中谁是最佳答案，许多同学都拿不准，其原因是他们对不定式一般式和完成式的用法区别弄不清楚。我们知道不定式一般式常用来表示发生在谓语动词动作之后的动作，相对于谓语动词来说是将来时，因此，根据题意，A不宜选，那么只有B才可选了。此题的题意是“昨晚我本想去参加晚会的，但为了写完一份报告我不得不多工作了几个小时。”言外之意就是昨晚没有去参加晚会。在英语中不定式的完成式与表示愿望的would lovelike连用可表达这个意思。故B为正确答案。在中此题是一道情景题，在解题时一定要理解对话的情景，特别是第二个人的答语中的后半部分，这部分是一个表示意义转折的分句，其意思是“但没想到来了一位不速之客”，说明昨晚没有来的理由；根据转折分句前后两部分的逻辑关系，前半部分应为“我本来准备来的”之意，在A，B，C，D四个选项中唯有C项可表达此意，因为A项had是个助动词，其后省略了come，而had come则是过去完成式，表示的是过去的过去，与第一个人提到的时间相矛盾；D项did也是一个助动词。在答语中代替came以免重复，如果用它则说明的是一个事实“我来了”，这样就与后半部分“but I had an unexpected visitor”之意相矛盾；C项would有两个作用，一是作情态动词，表示“意愿”，二是作助动词，表示过去将来时或习惯，它只有与不定式的完成式连用才能表示“本想做某事而结果没做”之意（would have），而此题如果选它，其后省去的是come；而C项was going to表示将来，有“打算”之意，其后接动词原形可表示一种过去未曾实现的打算或计划，意为“本打算”“本想”以上两例是曾在高考试题中考查过的对未曾实现的愿望及打算的英语表达。为了帮助同学们更好地复习和掌握这方面的句型，现将这种类型的表达法归纳总结如下，以供参考。一、would like towould love to+不定式完成式，表示主语过去希望做但未做到的事。例如：1I should like to have climbed the mountain with her当时我真想和她一起爬那座山。2We would like to have gone to see the film，but we had no time我们本来想去看那部电影，但没有时间。3I would love to have gone to the cinema to see the film that day，but the tickets were all sold out那天我本想去电影院看那部电影，但门票都售完了。二、was/were going to+不定式一般式，表示一种主语过去未曾实现的打算或计划，意为“本打算”“本想”例如：1Where did you go for your weekend？你去了哪里过周末？Well，I was going to visit Beijing，but in the end I went to Shanghai哦，我本打算去北京的，但最后去了上海。2(1)I was going to play volleyball on Monday，but I cant now我本想星期一打排球的，但现在不可能了。Bad luck真不走运。(2)What did you do last Sunday？上星期天你做了什么？Well，I was going to a cinema，but in the end I went to see a fashion show哦，我本来打算去看电影的，但最后去看时装表演了。 (3)Really？Why didnt you call me？真的？你为什么不叫我？I was going to call for you，but my sister took the other ticket我本想叫你的，但我妹妹把另一张票拿走了。(4) Dr Lively was going to give a talk this morningIm afraid her plane will be very late because of bad weather at the airport莱夫利博士本打算今天上午作报告的。由于机场的天气不好，恐怕她的班机会晚点。三、waswere to+不定式完成式，表示未完成的打算、计划或安排，含有“本来打算”之意。如：1He was to have bought a colour TV set，but he had no enough money他本来打算买一台彩色电视机的，但钱不够。2They were to have been married last month but had to postpone the wedding until next month，他们本来打算在上个月结婚的，但后来不得不推迟到下个月。3He was to have come here yesterday，but he had an important meeting to attend他本来打算昨天来这里的，但有一个重要的会议要参加。4The plane was to have taken off at six，but something went wrong飞机本来打算在六点钟起飞，但结果出了故障。5We were to have held the sports meeting last week，but it rained我们本来打算上周举行运动会的，但天下雨了。6I was to have started work last week，but I caught a bad cold我本来打算上星期开始工作的，可我患了感冒。7A new hospital was to have been built in this district，but the money wasnt collected yet一座新医院本来打算在这个区建成的，可款还没有筹齐。四、waswere about to+ 不定式一般式，表示主语过去未曾实现的意图。例如：1Mrs. Green was about to begin，but Jennie spoke first格林太太正要开始讲，可詹妮先开始了。2This afternoon I was just about to go swimming when luckily our guide saw me and shouted at me，“Stop！Dont swim！”今天下午我正要去游泳，就在那时,幸好我们的向导看见了我并对我喊道：“站住！不能游泳！”五、用 think， expect， suppose， hope ，want ,believe 等动词的过去完成时，后接宾语从句动词不定式的一般式表示未实现的意图、打算或希望等。例如：1. Peter had thought the plain would have taken off by the time he arrived at the airport.彼得原以为在他到达机场时飞机可能已经起飞了。2. I had thought Tom would pass the exam this time，but he failed again我本以为汤姆这次会通过考试的，可他又没及格。3. They had hoped that they would be able to see more of Beijing，but time didnt permit.4I had hoped to be able to take my seat in all this noise without being seen，but that morning the room was quite and orderly我本指望在吵闹声中坐到自己的座位上而不被人看见，可那天早上教室里安静又整齐。5.I hoped to have finished the work earlier我本希望早点做完这项工作。6.They had wanted to help but could not get here in time他们本来想帮忙的可没能及时赶到。7.I wanted to have seen you very much，but I did not like to trouble you我本来很想去看你，可我又不想打扰你。六、用 intend， mean， plan 等动词的一般过去时，后接不定式的完成式；或用这些动词的过去完成式，后接不定式一般式来表示未实现的意图，打算或希望等。例如：I had intended