主动语态和被动语态.doc

主动语态和被动语态一英语动词有两种语态：即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：1. 很多人讲英语。Many people speak English. （主动语态） 主语 谓语 宾语English is spoken by many people. (被动语态)主语 谓语 宾语2昨天我种了水稻。I grow rice yesterday.（主） Rice was grown by me yesterday. （被）二被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be + 动词的过去分词（V. pp）”，助动词be有人称和时态的变化。1、 一般现在时（am / is / are + V.pp）: The work is finished. 工作完成了。 2、 一般过去时（was / were +V.pp）: The work was finished. 工作完成了。3、 含有情态动词（情态动词 + be +V. pp），即：can / may / must / should / would / could + be + V. ppThe books may be kept for two weeks.这些书可以被借两周。Fish can be found everywhere in the sea.在海里到处都能找到鱼。4、一般将来时： will + be +V. pp 或 am / is / are going to be + V.pp5、 现在进行时： am / is / are + being + V. pp6、 含有不定式的被动语态：to be +V. pp三注意事项：1、 短语动词的被动语态。短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，往往不可遗忘后面的介词或副词。如：People often laugh at the old woman.-The old woman is often laughed at (by people).Li Lei turned on the radio. - The radio was turned on by Li Lei.2、 省to的不定式作宾补的动词变被动语态：（let / make / hear / see / watch / find / feel / smell / help + sb. do sth. ）这些动词变为被动语态后，后面的不定式须补出to. We saw the boy take away the book. - The boy was seen to take away the book. We must make everybody know that. - Everybody must be made to know that. 3、接双宾语的动词变被动语态（pass , show , give , buy , ask , get , make）可有两种变法： 如：You give Polly clean water every day. 间宾 直宾 Polly is given clean water every day. 或： Clean water is given to Polly every day.4、 有些及物动词，用主动形式表被动意味： The book sells well. The key locks easily. This kind of paper feels very soft.。 The song sounds beautiful. The watch looks very nice. 5. 不及物动词没有被动语态：如 happen, take place , die, begin, work 等。被动语态专题练习 一。将下列句子改为被动语态(1) My mother made a birthday cake in the morning.(2)You should finish homework before you play.(3)Uncle Wang didnt mend the TV set.(4)They must send for (派人去请)a doctor.(5)Each of us likes this song.(6)Someone hears him sing in the next room.(7)My brother made me do this and that.(8)I saw them go out.(9)They gave me an apple.二、选择填空( )1. Half of the work _ before six. A. will do B. can be done C. were done( )2. _ the chicken farm _ by the student? A. was , visited B. is , visit C. must , visit( )3. The woman _ by people in the waiting room. A. was laughed B. was laughed at C. laughed at( )4. _ the table _away? A. can , take B. must , be taken C. is , take( )5. What _ there? A. happened B. is happen C. must be happed( )6. Where to go for the vacation yet. A. isnt decided B. havent been decided C. is not being decided D. hasnt been decided( )7. He used to in the sun , but now he is used to at night. A. read, read B. reading , read C. read, reading D. reading, reading ( )8. The computer all over the world now . A. is used B. was used C. will use D. have used( )9. Jack often made his sister ,but this time he was made by his sister. A. to cry , to cry B. cry , to cry C. to cry, cry D. cry, cry( )10. Both Zhang Hua and Wu Dong to the party yesterday. A. had invited B. was invited C. were invited D. invited( )11. Bruces house in 1990. He has lived there for 20 years. A. built B. is built C. was build D. was built( )12. Keys used for doors. Do you know who invited（发明） them? A. are, opening B. had been, opening C. are, open D. have been , open( )13. The desk is made wood. A. from B. in C. of D. by ( )14. Who invented the light bulb（电灯）? It was invented Edison. A. with B. by C. from D. of( )15. The sports meeting will next Monday . A. hold B. holding C. be held D. held( )16. Heated ice cream scoop（冰淇淋加热勺）can be used scooping really cold ice cream. A. for B. as C. by D. with( )17. When the fridge ? A. is, invented B. was , invented C. does, invent D. did , invent( )18. -Did you go to Jakes birthday party ? -No, I .A . am not invited B. didnt invite C. wasnt invited D. dont invited( )19. Today Chinese is becoming more and more popular. It in many schools around the world. A. is teaching B. has taught C. is taught( )20 We to go to the movies on Friday nights. A. are allowed B. were allowing C. allowed三、汉译英1.世界许多国家都有人讲英语. English by people in many countries.2.房前不能车.cars parked in front of the house.3.学生们叫smith讲个故事. Mr. smith tell a story by students.4.这辆自行车坏了,修不好了.（repair修理） The bike . It 。5.窗子是Tom打碎的,对吗? The window by Tom, ?6.在九点以前能完成这工作吗? the work before nine?二、用所给动词的正确时态和语态填空1.Our school (clean) every day.2.We (know) each other quite well since 1988.3.My homework (well do) and my English teacher was pleased.4.The bird (catch) while if (eat) something on the floor.5.The tree (must plant).6.Moomlakes (eat ) on Mid Autumn Day.7.You (stop) by a policeman if you drive that way.8. Lin tao is too young ( join ) the army(军队)。9Mobile phones can be used for (send) and (receive ) information.10. What the most important (invent ) for us ?1