从历年高考题看定语从句.doc

从历年高考题看定语从句一. 定语从句在英语从句中的定位:1. 名词性从句:主语从句;宾语从句;表语从句和同位语从句.2. 形容词性从句:定语从句.3. 副词性从句:状语从句.二. 定义： 定语从句：充当定语的一个句子；先行词：被从句所修饰的句子/名词或代词。三. 翻译：“的”四. 结构：1. n/pron/sentence+引导词（关系代词/关系副词）+从句限制性定语从句2. n/pron/sentence，引导词（关系代词/关系副词）+从句非限制性定语从句注意：不能用于非限制性定语从句；引导词代替先行词在从句中充当成分。五定语从句中常见的引导词；引导词所代替先行词是人物句子代替先行词在从句中担当的成分人物主宾表人物定语人主宾表人宾表物句子主宾表句子主宾表表地点的物地点状语表时间的物时间状语表原因的物原因状语规律：引导词的选择取决于两个方面：所代替的先行词是人是物还是句子；先行词在从句中所担当的成份（主宾表定状）六确定关系代词或副词的步骤：判断一个句子是定语从句；找先行词，看先行词是人是物还是句子；找从句并分析其成份，看缺什么成份；看是否属于特殊情况；确定关系代词或关系副词。七定语从句的判断法： 定语从句的结构；翻译；标点符号及连词。eg：I have many friends, some of whom are doctors.(定语从句) I have many friends; some of them are doctors.（非定语从句） I have many friends and some of them are doctors.（非定语从句）八定语从句中的一些特殊情况：1.特殊的先行词：way/time;case/point/situation;表地点时间先行词的模糊化。 eg: Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.(2008年江西卷)A. whereB. when C. whoD. which答案:A 本题考查定语从句，本句是一个分隔式定语从句，指在这个章节里的事例中，强调地方，故用where。After graduation she reached a point in her career she heeded to decide what to do. (2007年江西卷) A. that B. what C. which D. where答案：D解析：关系副词where引导定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词， 在定语从句中充当地点状语。point意为“点”，后接定语从句where she needed to decide what to do表示“她需要决定做什么的地方”。that和which引导定语从句时，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。what引导名词性从句。Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity_sight matters more than hearing.( 2007年天津卷) Athat B.when C.which D.where答案：D解析：先行词activity在本题中是一个表示地点的模糊化的先行词，在定语从句中充当地点状语。2.特殊的引导词：whose + n = the + n + of +which/ whom 关系副词=介词+关系代词which/ whomthe+比较级/all/both/none/neither/most+of+which whom whose+nwhich+this/that/these/thoseas与which的五点区别：a.as引导的定语从句可位于主句前、中、后，而which引导的定语从句只能位于主句之后；b.在一下固定搭配中只能用as(so/such/asas;the same as);c.which可代替物和句子而 as只能代替句子；d.先行词在从句中做主语，which既可以做be的主语，也可以做实义动词的主语；而as只能做be的主语；e.as引导的从句在意义上与主句相一致，而which引导的从句与主句相悖。用that不用which的情况:a.all,much,little,few,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词做先行词时；b.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰或本身就是先行词时；c。先行词是the very,the only,the just,the same等词所修饰的时候；d.先行词被all,any,every,no,some,few,little,much等词修饰时；e.先行词有两个或者是两个以上且即有人也有物时；f.当关系代词代替先行词在句子中作表语时；g.当被修饰的词时数词时；h.若两个从句，其中的一个关系代词已经用了which,另一个用that以避免重复；g.当主句是there be 结构时，修饰其主语的定语从句用that引导。用who不用that的情况:a.当先行词是one,ones,anyone,those等；b.用在there be 结构中；c.当先行词是人而且后面有较长的修饰语时；d.当先行词是I ,you,he,they等词时（常用于谚语中）；e.当先行词是指成员的集体名词时。 eg:The people, _ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.(2007年西安高三第一次质量检测) A. all whose homes B. all their homes C. all of their homes D. all of whose homes答案：D解析：本题是由all of whose + n 引导的一个非限制性定语从句。. I was given three books on cooking, the first _ I really enjoyed. A. of that B. of which C. that D. which答案：B解析：这是一个定语从句，which指代three books。从句中有the first ，因此关系代词前要加介词of，因此本题是由 the first of which引导的一个非限制性定语从句。She was educated at Bejing University,_she went on to have her advanced study abroad.A.after whichB.from which C.from thatD.after that 答案：A解析：after which引导非限制性定语从句，which代替She was educated at Beijing University，作介词after的宾语，在介词后必须用which，而不用that。根据所提供的情景she went on to have her advanced study abroad可判断出她继续进一步深造发生在她毕业于北京大学之后，所以要用介词after。She may have missed the train,_ she wont arrive for another hour.A. in which case B.in her case C.in any case D.in that case答案：A解析which=that“在那种情况下”A huge amount of oil was spilt on the road,the effects of _ are still being left.A. it B. that C. which D.whom答案：C解析：which指代前面的句子A huge