职称英语考试必备基本句式.doc

职称英语考试必备基本句式1）系动词一般为be动词。注意：look, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, become, come, go, turn, grow,keep, seem, stand等词可以作半系动词用，按行为动词方式变化，起系动词的作用。例如：He felt the pockets thoroughly but did not find a single penny.（他摸遍了口袋但没有找到一分钱。feel为行为动词）You look pale. Do you feel unwell?（你脸色苍白，感到不舒服？look/ feel为系动词）一般来说，动词后面跟的是个形容词或名词，该动词为系动词，如：The plan sounds perfect. / The flower smells nice. / The dish tastesdelicious. / It is getting dark.实例：Dont worry. Let me take your pulse first. Oh, it_ normal.（脉搏正常）A. is feltB. is feelingC. feelsD. felt解题思路：normal为形容词，前面应为系动词；系动词没有被动语态，故A不对；look, feel, sound, taste, smell, seem等半系动词一般不用进行时，B也不对；D时态错了，故正确答案为C.上学吧视频超市2）there be是英语中非常重要的一个句型：there是引导词，不解释那里;这是个倒装句,主语在be动词的后面, be动词的单复数由后面的主语决定。注意难点：There isnt enough furniture in the room.（房间里家具不够）错：There hasnt enough furniture in the room.There is no doubt that smallpox has been wiped out in China.（毫无疑问，中国已消灭天花。）错：It is no doubt that smallpox has been wiped out in China.There is ample evidence that AIDS is spreading quickly in Asia.（充分证据表明，爱滋病正在亚洲迅速蔓延。同位语从句）错：It is evidence thatAIDS is spreading quickly in Asia.（可以：It is evidentthat AIDS is spreading quickly in Asia. -主语从句）上学吧视频超市在这个句型中主要注意及物动词与不及物动词的区分不及物动词及物动词rise /rose / risen（升起）raise/raised / raised（提高）arise / arose /arisen（from）（产生）arouse / aroused / aroused（唤起）lie / lay / lain（躺下）lay /laid / laid（放下）arrive（到达）reach（到达）wait（等待）await（等待）remain（仍旧）maintain（保持，维修）*上面所注仅为典型词义，要根据句子判别其他意思。例句：上学吧视频超市1）He arrived.（他到了。）2）She is waiting for her mother to the supermarket.（她在等妈妈去超市。）【这里的wait为不及物动词，因此如果wait后面要接名词或代词，需要借助介词for。】此外，该句型常采用倒装形式，注意辨别，主要是以下两种情况：1）用here或there引导：Here comes the bus.（汽车来了。）/ There rings the bell.（铃响了。）2）在动词+介词短语的结构中，往往将介词短语提前：On the top of the hill stands a pretty little house.（山顶上有一座漂亮的小房子。）我们知道，名词可以做主语和宾语，非谓语动词-ing和to do也可以做主语和宾语，作主语时：Learning a foreign language is not easy.（学门外语并不容易。）To learn a foreign language is not easy.（= It is not easy to learn a foreign language.）从语法角度讲，上述两个表达方式都可以。但是，当动词处于宾语位置时，就不能这样随心所欲了，因为英语语法有以下几个规定：1）acknowledge/ admit / appreciate / avoid / consider / contemplate / defer / deny / dislike/ enjoy / escape / evade / excuse / facilitate / fancy / favor / feel like /finish / give up / cannot help / cannot stand / imagine / include / keep (on)/ do notmind / miss / permit / practice / regret / resent / risk / suggest等词后面的动词宾语必须用-ing形式，重点和首先要掌握黑体字部分。由于这些词的词义与解题关系不大，没有给出具体词义解释。若需要，请考生自己查字典解决。这是语法考试的一个重点，要对以上词特别敏感，例如：上学吧视频超市It is impossible toavoid _ by the stormy weather.A. being much affectedB. having much affectedC. to be much affectedD. to have been much affected解题思路：一看到avoid一词，便可确定正确答案在A、B中；affect意为影响，及物动词，故B不对。如果做题时间来不及，此类题目若有主动语态和被动语态之分，一般选被动语态的正确率高些。上学吧视频超市2）remember /forget：后面既可跟-ing,也可跟to do，但意思不一样：to do表示说话时还没有发生的事，-ing表示对已经发生过的事的回忆，如：我昨天出门时忘了关窗了。显然是指出门时还没有做的事，因此用to do形式；我不记得以前见过你。显然是指说话以前的事，因此用-ing形式，即：I forgot to closethe windows when I left home yesterday.I dont rememberseeing you before.因此，除了知道这个规定外，分清发生过还是没有发生是解题的关键。实例：Do you remember_ to Professor Smith during your last visit?A. to have beenintroducedB. havingintroducedC. being introducedD. to be introduced解题思路：第一步要确定发生过还是没有发生，即A、D还是B、C，你记得上次访问时被介绍给Smith教授的情况吗？显然是已发生的事，选B、C；introduce（介绍）后没有宾语，说明是被动语态：，故选C 再看一下上一节中的解题思路3）need / want/ require等解释为需要时，有两种表达方式，如：这间会客室需要打扫一下上学吧视频超市AThis waiting room needs to be cleaned.（to被动式）BThis waiting room needs cleaning.（-ing主动式）考试时若同时出现两种选择，选B4）look forward to / object to / subject to / be subjected to / be opposed to / oppose to中的to是介词，后面应跟名词或动名词-ing,有些动词（主要是授予动词）后面需要或可以接双宾语结构，如：give, write, buy, send, make等You may send him an E-mail or write him a letter.这个句子也可使用以下结构：上学吧视频超市You may send an E-mail（to him）or write a letter to him.所以to和for是连接双宾语结构的重要介词。该句型的重点是要记住以下短语，特别是所用的介词：to cureof（治愈）to accuseof（谴责）to convinceof（说服）to informof（通知）to notifyof（通知）to cleanof（清除）to warnof /against（警告）to cheatof（欺骗）to robof（抢劫）例如：We have to inform the family of the patients condition as soon as possible. / Have the family been informed of the patients condition?（我们得尽快将病人的病情通知其家属。/已经将病人的病情通知其家人了吗？）注意下面句子的结构变化：May I ask you a question?May I ask a question of you?直接和间接宾语的位置与上面短语有何不同？这个句型也是考试的重点，主要有三个难点：1）要不要to的问题：上学吧视频超市The director wants you to come right now.（主任要你马上就来。）句中to come是宾语you的补足语。也就是说，当宾语补足语是动词时，一般要用to连接。但是，以下情况例外：make, let, have等使役动词，如：Shall I have him come here?（要我叫他来吗？）I wont have him cheat me.（否定式，表示容许：我决不容许他欺骗我）上述句型变为被动语态时，一般要加to，如：The nurse made the patient eat something.（护士让病人吃了点东西。）The patient was made to eat something.有时，宾语补足语也可用-ing形式，如：His joke made us laughing for a couple of minutes.（他的笑话使我们笑了几分钟。-注意后面的时间状语for a couple of minutes）记住下面重要表达方式：to have / get（something）done，如：上学吧视频超市I am going to have（get）my watch repaired.（我去修一下表。）see, hear,notice, observe, watch, look at, listen to等感觉动词：使用原则与上述大致相同。2）要不要it的问题:先看两个句子：We sometimes find it difficult to get rid of a bad habit.（有时我们发现要改掉一个坏习惯很难。）该句的原始结构可理解为：We sometimes find（to get rid of a bad habit）difficult.括号部分（动词不定式）为宾语，difficult为宾语补足语The doctor has made it clear to you that there is nothing wrong with your stomach.（医生已经跟你说得很清楚了，你的胃没有什么问题。）该句的原始结构可理解为：The doctor has made（there is nothing wrong with your stomach）clear.括号部分（句子）为宾语，clear为宾语补足语归纳：n在主语+宾语+宾语补足语结构中，当宾语是动词不定式或句子时，要用it（不是this, that或其他任何词）作形式宾语，将动词不定式或句子移到句子的后面去。n考试时，判断要不要it，主要看句子后面有没有动词不定式或句子，若有，要选itn宾语、宾语补足语倒装：当宾语（名词）较长，宾语补足语较短（往往是1个形容词，如possible, impossible, difficult, easy, clear等）时，为了句子结构均衡，往往采用倒装，这里不存在it的使用问题,对下句作出判断：上学吧视频超市The development of ultrasound has made _ early diagnosis of some fatal diseases.（超声波的出现使许多致命疾病的早期诊断成为可能。）A. it possibleB. possibleC. it isD. it该题的正确答案