耐火材料常用各种矿物原料的名称、化学含量.doc

常用耐火原料矿物的化学组成、熔点和体积密度矿物名称化学式化学组成，熔点或相变温度，t/体密，g/cm3一水硬铝石diaspore（水铝石）-Al2O3H2OAl2O3 85H2O 15530-600失水后转化为-Al2O33.30-3.50一水软铝石cliachite;boehmite（勃姆石、波美石）-Al2O3H2OAl2O3 85H2O 15530-600失水后转化为-Al2O33.01-3.06三水铝石gibbsite;hydrorgillite-Al2O33H2OAl2O3 65.4H2O 34.6450变为一水软铝石2.30-2.40刚玉corundum-Al2O320538.810-6（0-1000K）3.99-氧化铝-Al2O3空气中1600变为-Al2O33.25-3.37-Al2O3-Al2O31450变为-Al2O33.45-3.66硅砂（石英砂）quartz sandSiO2-石英573-870变为-石英2.65鳞石英tridymiteSiO216702.27方石英cristobaliteSiO217132.30-2.34硅线石sillimanite;fibroliteAl2O3SiO2Al2O3 62.93SiO2 37.071500-1550转化为莫来石3.23-3.27红柱石andalusiteAl2O3SiO2Al2O3 62.93SiO2 37.071300-1400转化为莫来石3.10-3.30蓝晶石c(k)yanite;distheneAl2O3SiO2Al2O3 62.93SiO2 37.071100-1350转化为莫来石3.53-3.65莫来石mullite3Al2O32SiO2Al2O3 71.8SiO2 28.21810分解3.03高岭石 kaolinite（粘土、高岭土）Al2O32SiO22H2OAl2O3 39.50SiO2 46.54H2O 13.961750-1787400-700迅速失去结构水1000开始变为莫来石2.58-2.67叶蜡石 pyrophylliteAl2O34SiO2H2OAl2O3 28.30SiO2 66.70H2O 5.00500-900失去结构水，1200转变为莫来石和石英2.66-2.90蒙脱石(n2) montmorillonite（膨润土bentonite）Al2O34SiO2nH2OAl2O3 28.30SiO2 66.70H2O 5.00100-300失去层间水，550-700和800-900失去结构水菱镁矿magnesiteMgCO3MgO 47.28CO2 52.18700开始分解2.90-3.12方镁石periclase镁砂magnesiaMgO280013.510-6（0-1000K）3.58水镁石brucite(氢氧镁石)Mg(OH)2MgO 69H2O 31263分解为氧化镁和水2.30-2.40白云石 dolomiteCaCO3MgCO3CaO 30.4MgO 21.9CO2 47.7790分解出MgO，940分解出CaO2.80-2.90方解石 calciteCaCO3CaO 56.0CO2 44.0700-950分解2.71石灰 lime（方钙石）CaO25753.32消石灰slaked lime(熟石灰)Ca(OH)2CaO 75.7H2O 24.3510分解为氧化钙和水镁橄榄石forsterite2MgOSiO2MgO 57.30SiO2 42.7018903.22铁橄榄石fayalite2FeOSiO2FeO 70.50SiO2 29.5012054.00-4.35橄榄石olivineMgOFeOSiO2MgO 23.4FeO 41.7SiO2 34.91890钙镁橄榄石monticelliteCaOMgOSiO2CaO 35.9%MgO 25.6SiO2 38.41490分解3.20镁蔷薇辉石3CaOMgO2SiO2CaO 51.2%MgO 12.2SiO2 36.61598分解3.15镁方柱石2CaOMgO2SiO2CaO 41%MgO 15SiO2 441451透辉石diopsideCaOMgO2SiO2CaO 25.93%MgO 18.51SiO2 55.5613913.27-3.38透闪石 tremolite2CaO5MgO8SiO2H2OCaO 13.8%MgO 24.6SiO2 58.8H2O 2.81050失去结构水3.00斜顽辉石clino-enstatiteMgOSiO2（型）MgO 40SiO2 601577分解3.19蛇纹石 serpentine3MgO2SiO22H2OMgO 43.6SiO2 43.4H2O 13.01557600-800转变为镁橄榄石1050-1080 出现斜顽辉石2.50-2.70滑石 talc3MgO4SiO2H2OMgO 31.9SiO2 63.4H2O 4.715431050左右失去结构水变为原顽辉石和石英2.70-2.80堇青石cordierite2MgO2Al2O35SiO2MgO 13.7Al2O3 34.9SiO2 51.41460分解1.251.9210-6（20900）2.57-2.66假蓝宝石4MgO5Al2O32SiO2MgO 20.2Al2O3 64.6SiO2 15.21453分解镁铝尖晶石spinelMgOAl2O3MgO 28.3Al2O3 71.721357.610-6（0-1000K）3.50-3.70镁铬尖晶石picrochromite（镁铬铁矿）MgOCr2O3MgO 21.0Cr2O3 79.021804.40-4.43铬铁矿chromiteFeOCr2O3FeO 32.1Cr2O3 67.917705.085镁铁尖晶石ceylonite;zeylanite;magnesioferriteMgOFe2O3MgO 20.2Fe2O3 79.817504.51磁铁矿FeOFe2O3FeO 31.0Fe2O3 69.01538分解4.90-5.20（亚）铁尖晶石hercyniteFeOAl2O3FeO 41.3Al2O3 58.717804.39-硅酸二钙（贝里特）2CaOSiO2CaO 65.12SiO2 34.8821303.28硅酸三钙（阿里特）3CaOSiO2CaO 73.68SiO2 26.322070分解3.15-3.224硅灰石 wollastonite-CaOSiO2CaO 48.25SiO2 51.7515441125转化为2.80-2.90二硅酸三钙3CaO2SiO21475分解2.86一铝酸钙CaOAl2O3CaO 35.51Al2O3 64.4916062.98二铝酸钙CaO2Al2O3CaO 21.58Al2O3 78.4217652.90铝酸三钙3CaOAl2O3CaO 62.26Al2O3 37.741535分解六铝酸钙CaO6Al2O3CaO 8.40Al2O3 91.601850分解七铝酸十二钙12CaO7Al2O3CaO 48.55Al2O3 51.451415钾长石 potash feldspar（正长石）K2OAl2O36SiO2K2O 16.9Al2O3 18.4SiO2 64.71150分解出白榴石2.56-2.58钠长石 albiteNa2OAl2O36SiO2Na2O 11.8Al2O3 19.6SiO2 68.611182.61-2.62钙（斜）长石 anorthite（含部分钠长石plagioclase）CaOAl2O32SiO2CaO 20.1Al2O3 36.9SiO2 43.015502.74-2.76钡长石 celsianBaOAl2O32SiO2BaO 40.9Al2O3 27.1SiO2 32.017103.31-3.37钙黄长石gehlenite(铝方柱石)2CaOAl2O3SiO2CaO 40.90Al2O3 37.18SiO2 21.911593钠霞石 nephelineNa2OAl2O32SiO2Na2O 21.8Al2O3 35.8SiO2 42.415262.61钾霞石 kaliophiliteK2OAl2O32SiO2K2O 29.7Al2O3 32.3SiO2 38.018002.58-2.61白榴石 lecuciteK2OAl2O34SiO2K2O 21.6Al2O3 23.4SiO2 55.016862.45-2.50白云母 muscovite（钾云母）KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2外观呈层状单斜晶系1244绝缘强度大2.80-3.10绢云母 sericiteK2O3Al2O36SiO22H2O与白云母化学组成极相似，但外观呈粘土状K2O 11.8Al2O3 38.4SiO2 45.3H2O 4.51300塑性大，熔融粘度大，荷重软化点高2.76-3.00水云母 hydromica(伊利石illite)K1(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2nH2OK2O 38锂云母 lepidolite（鳞云母）KLiAl(OHF)2Al(SiO3)3片状K2O 4.813.9Li2O 1.25.9Al2O3 11.328.8SiO2 46.960.6H2O 0.63.211681177可制成强度高，烧成范围好的低温陶瓷坯或釉2.80-2.90锂霞石Li2OAl2O32SiO2Li2O 11.86Al2O3 40.06SiO2 47.681000之前负膨胀锂辉石spodumeneLi2OAl2O34SiO2Li2O 8.02Al2O3 27.40SiO2 64.581380850开始向晶型转化，密度由3.21下降至2.353.13-3.20低膨胀系数4.010-6（20900）锂正长石Li2OAl2O36SiO2Li2O 6.07Al2O3 20.71SiO2 73.22透锂长石（叶长石）Li2OAl2O38SiO2Li2O 4.89Al2O3 16.63SiO2 78.481350低膨胀系数0.310-6（201000）2.50蛭石 vermiculite(MgFe2+Fe3+)3(SiAl)4O10 (OH)24H2OMgO 1423Fe2O3 517FeO 13SiO2 3742，Al2O3 1013H2O 8181300-1370加热时体积膨胀1525倍，750变为滑石结构2.40-2.70珍珠岩酸性火山玻璃质SiO2 6875，Al2O3 91413001380（耐火度）2.20-2.40温石棉 chrysotile-asbestos(蛇纹石石棉)3MgO4SiO2H2O1500-15502.49-2.53青石棉 crocidolite（开普蓝）Na2Fe2Si4O112(OH)211503.12-3.29硅藻土SiO2nH2O1610-17502.10-2.20海泡石 sepioliteMg8H6Si12O302(OH)106H2OSiO2 60.8，MgO 27.1H2O 12.1干燥时坚韧，湿时柔软具可塑性1.00-2.00磷酸钙tertiary calcium phosphate（骨灰）Ca3(PO4)21720石墨graphiteC3000常压下升华；3850真空下升华2.09-2.23碳化硅silicon carbideSiCSi 71.045C 29.9552735常压下分解3.17-3.47氮化硅silicon nitrideSi3N4Si 60.06N 39.941900分解14001800向转变3.18-3.20氮化铝aluminium nitrideAlNAl 65.82N 34.182450升华700开始氧化3.26赛隆Si6-zAlzOzN8-zZ=31750开始出现液相3.259氮化硼boron nitrideBNB 43.56N 56.4427003000分解2.25碳化硼boron carbideB4CB 78.26C 21.742450分解900开始氧化2.519钛酸铝aluminium titanateAl2O3TiO2Al2O3 56.07TiO2 43.9318608501300分解3.702板钛矿brookite锐钛矿anatase金红石rutileTiO265